Manannandrahana: Difference between revisions

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|native_name =        <!--Country's name (usually full name) in its native language, hence in italics (double quotemarks)--> {{lang|mg|Repoblika Federaly Manannandrahana}}<br>{{lang|fr|République Féderale du Manannandrahana}}  
|native_name =        <!--Country's name (usually full name) in its native language, hence in italics (double quotemarks)--> {{lang|mg|Repoblika Federaly Manannandrahana}}<br>{{lang|fr|République Féderale du Manannandrahana}}  
|common_name =        <!--Common name in English (used for wikilinks, captions, and to produce a default iso3166 code)--> Manannandrahana
|common_name =        <!--Common name in English (used for wikilinks, captions, and to produce a default iso3166 code)--> Manannandrahana
|status =            <!--Status of country, especially useful for micronations-->
|status =            <!--Status of country, especially useful for micronations-->  
|image_flag =        <!--e.g. Flag of country.svg-->
|image_flag =        <!--e.g. Flag of country.svg--> File:Manannandrahana.png
|alt_flag =          <!--alt text for flag (text shown when pointer hovers over flag)-->
|alt_flag =          <!--alt text for flag (text shown when pointer hovers over flag)--> Flag of Manannandrahana
|flag_border =        <!--set to no to disable border around the flag-->
|flag_border =        <!--set to no to disable border around the flag--> yes
|image_flag2 =        <!--e.g. Second-flag of country.svg-->
|image_flag2 =        <!--e.g. Second-flag of country.svg-->
|alt_flag2 =          <!--alt text for second flag-->
|alt_flag2 =          <!--alt text for second flag-->
|flag2_border =      <!--set to no to disable border around the flag-->
|flag2_border =      <!--set to no to disable border around the flag-->
|image_coat =        <!--e.g. Coat of arms of country.svg-->
|image_coat =        <!--e.g. Coat of arms of country.svg--> File:Emblem of the Malagasy Republic.svg
|alt_coat =          <!--alt text for coat of arms-->
|alt_coat =          <!--alt text for coat of arms-->
|symbol_type =        <!--emblem, seal, etc (if not a coat of arms)-->
|symbol_type =        <!--emblem, seal, etc (if not a coat of arms)-->
|symbol_footnote =    <!--optional reference or footnote for the symbol caption-->
|symbol_footnote =    <!--optional reference or footnote for the symbol caption--> Coat of Arms of Manannandrahana
|national_motto =    <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists--> Tompo ô, omeo ranonorana sy vokatra tsara izahay.
|national_motto =    <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists--> {{native phrase|mg|Tompo ô, omeo ranonorana sy vokatra tsara izahay}}
|englishmotto =      <!--English language version of motto--> O Lord, give us rain and good harvest.
|englishmotto =      <!--English language version of motto--> O Lord, give us rain and good harvest
|national_anthem =    <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists-->
|national_anthem =    <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists--> {{native name|mg|Ry Tanindrazanay malala ô!|nolink=yes}}[[File:MediaPlayer.png|180px|link=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eOL7c8C4cvo]]
|royal_anthem =      <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists-->
|royal_anthem =      <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists-->
|other_symbol_type =  <!--Use if a further symbol exists, e.g. hymn-->
|other_symbol_type =  <!--Use if a further symbol exists, e.g. hymn-->
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|largest_settlement_type = <!--Type of settlement if largest settlement not a city-->
|largest_settlement_type = <!--Type of settlement if largest settlement not a city-->
|largest_settlement = <!--Name of largest settlement-->
|largest_settlement = <!--Name of largest settlement-->
|official_languages = <!--Languages recognised in legislation, constitution, etc-->
|official_languages = <!--Languages recognised in legislation, constitution, etc--> [[wikipedia: Malagasy language|Malagasy]] and [[wikipedia:French language|French]]
|national_languages = <!--Country/territory-wide languages recognised but not necessarily in country/territory-wide law, etc-->
|national_languages = <!--Country/territory-wide languages recognised but not necessarily in country/territory-wide law, etc-->
|regional_languages = <!--Languages recognised or associated with particular regions within the country/territory-->
|regional_languages = <!--Languages recognised or associated with particular regions within the country/territory--> [[Malagasy creole]]
|languages_type =    <!--Use to specify a further type of language, if not official, national or regional-->
|languages_type =    <!--Use to specify a further type of language, if not official, national or regional-->
|languages =          <!--Languages of the further type-->
|languages =          <!--Languages of the further type-->
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|ethnic_groups_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with ethnic groups data)-->
|ethnic_groups_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with ethnic groups data)-->
|religion =          <!--Religion--> {{ublist |item_style=white-space:nowrap;
|religion =          <!--Religion--> {{ublist |item_style=white-space:nowrap;
   |84.9% [[Christianity]]
   |84.9% Christianity
   |—46.0% [[Protestantism]]
   |—46.0% Protestantism
   |—37.9% [[Catholicism]]
   |—37.9% Catholicism
   |—0.8% Other [[Christian]]
   |—0.8% Other Christian
   |7.3% [[Irreligion|No religion]]
   |7.3% No religion
   |4.7% [[African traditional religion|Traditional faiths]]
   |4.7% Traditional faiths
   |3.1% [[Islam]]
   |3.1% Islam
   |0.3% [[Others]]
   |0.3% Others
   }}
   }}
|religion_year = <!--Year of religion data (if provided)-->
|religion_year = <!--Year of religion data (if provided)--> 2019
|religion_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with religion data)-->
|religion_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with religion data)-->
|demonym =            <!--Term/s describing those associated with the country/territory (e.g. "Belgian" for the country Belgium)-->
|demonym =            <!--Term/s describing those associated with the country/territory (e.g. "Belgian" for the country Belgium)--> Manannese
|government_type =    <!--(often a compound multi-wikilinked term, e.g. "Federal semi-presidential constitutional republic", etc)-->  
|government_type =    <!--(often a compound multi-wikilinked term, e.g. "Federal semi-presidential constitutional republic", etc)--> [[wikipedia: Unitary state|Unitary]]<br>[[wikipedia:Semi-parliamentary system|semi-parliamentary]]<br>[[wikipedia: Republic|republic]]
|leader_title1 =      <!--(for a country, usually the head of state's (wikilinked) title, e.g. "President", "Monarch")--> President
|leader_title1 =      <!--(for a country, usually the head of state's (wikilinked) title, e.g. "President", "Monarch")--> President
|leader_name1 =      Ramiro Rakotonomenjanahary
|leader_name1 =      Ramiro Rakotonomenjanahary
|leader_title2 =      <!--(could be "Vice President", otherwise "Prime Minster", etc, etc)--> Prime Minister
|leader_title2 =      <!--(could be "Vice President", otherwise "Prime Minister", etc, etc)--> Prime Minister
|leader_name2 =      Rasoherina Ramandimbilahatra
|leader_name2 =      Rasoherina Ramandimbilahatra
<!--......-->
<!--......-->
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|area_rank =  
|area_rank =  
|area =              <!--Major area size (in [[Template:convert]] either km2 or sqmi first)-->
|area =              <!--Major area size (in [[Template:convert]] either km2 or sqmi first)-->
|area_km2 =          <!--Major area size (in square km)-->
|area_km2 =          <!--Major area size (in square km)--> 587,041
|area_sq_mi =        <!--Area in square mi (requires area_km2)-->
|area_sq_mi =        <!--Area in square mi (requires area_km2)-->
|area_footnote =      <!--Optional footnote for area-->
|area_footnote =      <!--Optional footnote for area-->
|percent_water =  
|percent_water =     0.9
|area_label =        <!--Label under "Area" (default is "Total")-->
|area_label =        <!--Label under "Area" (default is "Total")--> Total
|area_label2 =        <!--Label below area_label (optional)-->
|area_label2 =        <!--Label below area_label (optional)-->
|area_data2 =        <!--Text after area_label2 (optional)-->
|area_data2 =        <!--Text after area_label2 (optional)-->
|population_estimate =  
|population_estimate = 28,172,462
|population_estimate_rank =  
|population_estimate_rank =  
|population_estimate_year =  
|population_estimate_year = 2022
|population_census =  
|population_census =  
|population_census_year =  
|population_census_year =  
|population_density_km2 =  
|population_density_km2 = 35.2
|population_density_sq_mi =  
|population_density_sq_mi =  
|population_density_rank =  
|population_density_rank =  
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'''Manannandrahana''', officially '''Federal Republic of Manannandrahana''' ([[wikipedia:Malagasy language|Malagasy]]: {{lang|mg|Repoblika Federaly Manannandrahana}}<br>[[wikipedia:French language|French]]: {{lang|fr|République Féderale du Manannandrahana}}) is a sovereign country in East Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean and smaller islands. In recent times, the island is having major problem with corruption, famine and hyperinflation, together with a political crisis that some years ago ended in a coup d'état. Adolescent pregnancies are also a major problem in the poorest and smallest villages, with an average of 16.9 pregnancies yearly.
'''Manannandrahana''', officially '''Federal Republic of Manannandrahana''' ([[wikipedia:Malagasy language|Malagasy]]: {{lang|mg|Repoblika Federaly Manannandrahana}}<br>[[wikipedia:French language|French]]: {{lang|fr|République Féderale du Manannandrahana}}) is a sovereign country in East Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean and smaller islands. In recent times, the island is having major problem with corruption, famine and hyperinflation, together with a political crisis that some years ago ended in a coup d'état. Adolescent pregnancies are also a major problem in the poorest and smallest villages, with an average of 16.9 pregnancies yearly.
==Geography==
Most of the territory is covered by a dense jungle with high-crowned trees, aboundant vegetation and mangroves. In the southwest, there's a drier climate and less vegetation, mainly shrubs.
===Climate===
{{Weather box    <!-- Infobox begins -->
| width        =  <!-- Width parameter for wikitable, default width=100%. Set width=auto to fit the table in the next available space automatically. --> auto
| collapsed    =  <!-- Any entry in this line will make the template initially collapsed. Leave blank or remove this line for uncollapsed. -->
| open        =  <!-- Any entry in this line will make the template permanently open, and remove the hide button. Remove this line for a collapsible table. --> yes
| metric first =  <!-- Any entry in this line will display metric first. Blank or remove this line for imperial first. --> yes
| single line  =  <!-- Any entry in this line will display metric and imperial units in the same cell. Leave blank or remove this line for separate table rows. --> yes
| location    =  <!-- Mandatory field, location the climate data was taken, usually an airport. --> Ifanatasoa
| temperature colour =  <!-- Enter "pastel" for pastel temperature colours, "none" for no colours, remove this line for the standard colouring. -->
| Jan high F  =  | Jan high C  = 33.1
| Feb high F  =  | Feb high C  = 33.8
| Mar high F  =  | Mar high C  = 33.3
| Apr high F  =  | Apr high C  = 32.4
| May high F  =  | May high C  = 30.3
| Jun high F  =  | Jun high C  = 28.8
| Jul high F  =  | Jul high C  = 27.9
| Aug high F  =  | Aug high C  = 28.2
| Sep high F  =  | Sep high C  = 28.7
| Oct high F  =  | Oct high C  = 29.6
| Nov high F  =  | Nov high C  = 30.1
| Dec high F  =  | Dec high C  = 31.9
| year high F =  | year high C =
| Jan mean F  =  | Jan mean C  = 28.1
| Feb mean F  =  | Feb mean C  = 28.5
| Mar mean F  =  | Mar mean C  = 27.7
| Apr mean F  =  | Apr mean C  = 24.5
| May mean F  =  | May mean C  = 23.4
| Jun mean F  =  | Jun mean C  = 22.4
| Jul mean F  =  | Jul mean C  = 21.8
| Aug mean F  =  | Aug mean C  = 21.6
| Sep mean F  =  | Sep mean C  = 22.3
| Oct mean F  =  | Oct mean C  = 22.9
| Nov mean F  =  | Nov mean C  = 23.6
| Dec mean F  =  | Dec mean C  = 27.1
| year mean F =  | year mean C =
| Jan low F  =  | Jan low C  = 23.2
| Feb low F  =  | Feb low C  = 23.2
| Mar low F  =  | Mar low C  = 22.2
| Apr low F  =  | Apr low C  = 16.7
| May low F  =  | May low C  = 16.5
| Jun low F  =  | Jun low C  = 16.1
| Jul low F  =  | Jul low C  = 15.7
| Aug low F  =  | Aug low C  = 15.1
| Sep low F  =  | Sep low C  = 15.9
| Oct low F  =  | Oct low C  = 16.3
| Nov low F  =  | Nov low C  = 17.2
| Dec low F  =  | Dec low C  = 22.4
| year low F =  | year low C =
| rain colour  =  <!-- Enter "green" for green rainfall colours, "none" for no colours, remove this line for blue colouring. --> green
| Jan rain inch  =  | Jan rain cm  =  | Jan rain mm  = 424.4
| Feb rain inch  =  | Feb rain cm  =  | Feb rain mm  = 215.7
| Mar rain inch  =  | Mar rain cm  =  | Mar rain mm  = 172.4
| Apr rain inch  =  | Apr rain cm  =  | Apr rain mm  =  93.1
| May rain inch  =  | May rain cm  =  | May rain mm  =  78.5
| Jun rain inch  =  | Jun rain cm  =  | Jun rain mm  =  67.3
| Jul rain inch  =  | Jul rain cm  =  | Jul rain mm  =  54.1
| Aug rain inch  =  | Aug rain cm  =  | Aug rain mm  =  11.9
| Sep rain inch  =  | Sep rain cm  =  | Sep rain mm  =  38.6
| Oct rain inch  =  | Oct rain cm  =  | Oct rain mm  = 123.4
| Nov rain inch  =  | Nov rain cm  =  | Nov rain mm  = 169.8
| Dec rain inch  =  | Dec rain cm  =  | Dec rain mm  = 256.6
| year rain inch =  | year rain cm =  | year rain mm =
| unit rain days =  <!-- If entering the average number of days, then the unit requirement should be used, because this varies between countries. E.g. 0.01 in, 0.2 mm. -->
| Jan rain days  = 19.8
| Feb rain days  = 17.5
| Mar rain days  = 15.3
| Apr rain days  = 8.0
| May rain days  = 5.7
| Jun rain days  = 2.2
| Jul rain days  = 1.1
| Aug rain days  = 0.8
| Sep rain days  = 5.4
| Oct rain days  = 9.6
| Nov rain days  = 11.8
| Dec rain days  = 14.4
| year rain days =
<!-- Average daily % humidity -->
<!-- If entering the average daily % humidity, then the humidex table should be used. -->
| humidity colour =  <!-- Enter "green" for green humidity colors, "pastel" for pastel humidity colours, "none" for no colours, remove this line for blue coloring. Affects afternoon % humidity as well -->
| time day        =  <!-- The time of day the humidity was measured at. Affects afternoon % humidity as well -->
| daily          =  <!-- Enter "Y" if the humidity is for the entire day. Affects afternoon % humidity as well -->
| Jan humidity    = 80.0
| Feb humidity    = 79.6
| Mar humidity    = 79.6
| Apr humidity    = 79.0
| May humidity    = 79.0
| Jun humidity    = 78.6
| Jul humidity    = 78.0
| Aug humidity    = 75.3
| Sep humidity    = 75.6
| Oct humidity    = 76.3
| Nov humidity    = 79.0
| Dec humidity    = 79.3
| year humidity  =
<!-- Average monthly sunshine hours, monthly totals are preferred, and will produce colours, but percentages are accepted. -->
| Jan sun  = 210.5
| Feb sun  =  <!-- For February only if the source gives daily hours, please multiply by 28.25, not 28 --> 178
| Mar sun  = 199.1
| Apr sun  = 220.5
| May sun  = 228.8
| Jun sun  = 206.1
| Jul sun  = 213.9
| Aug sun  = 235.0
| Sep sun  = 249.5
| Oct sun  = 251.0
| Nov sun  = 232.7
| Dec sun  = 201.1
| year sun =
<!-- Average daily sunshine hours. Use this if the source shows daily sunshine hours. -->
| Jand sun  =
| Febd sun  =
| Mard sun  =
| Aprd sun  =
| Mayd sun  =
| Jund sun  =
| Juld sun  =
| Augd sun  =
| Sepd sun  =
| Octd sun  =
| Novd sun  =
| Decd sun  =
| yeard sun =
<!-- Average daylight hours, including cloudy hours. -->
| Jan light =
| Feb light =
| Mar light =
| Apr light =
| May light =
| Jun light =
| Jul light =
| Aug light =
| Sep light =
| Oct light =
| Nov light =
| Dec light =
| year light=
<!-- Average percent of possible sunshine. Number of daylight hours already factored into this number. Note that since this is possible sunshine, nighttime hours should not be included in this calculation. Will produce colours. -->
| Jan percentsun  =
| Feb percentsun  =
| Mar percentsun  =
| Apr percentsun  =
| May percentsun  =
| Jun percentsun  =
| Jul percentsun  =
| Aug percentsun  =
| Sep percentsun  =
| Oct percentsun  =
| Nov percentsun  =
| Dec percentsun  =
| year percentsun =
<!-- Average daily UV index -->
| Jan uv  = 8
| Feb uv  = 9
| Mar uv  = 7
| Apr uv  = 5
| May uv  = 5
| Jun uv  = 4
| Jul uv  = 5
| Aug uv  = 6
| Sep uv  = 7
| Oct uv  = 7
| Nov uv  = 8
| Dec uv  = 9
| year uv =
}}<!-- Infobox ends -->
The Central, West and Northern parts of the country enjoy a tropical climate, varying between tropical monsoon climate (Köppen: Af) and tropical savannah climate (Köppen: Aw). The Southern region has a semi-arid climate.
Generally, the country has only two seasons, from November to April, a hot rainy season, with frequent destructive cyclones and lightning storms, and a relatively cooler dry season from May to October.
==Economy==
Classified as the poorest country in Africa and one of the poorest in the world, Manannandrahana is a low-income economy where the main industry is beef-based agriculture. In the tropical areas, fruit-based agriculture is also very important, being bananas, sugarcane, coffee and rice the most important harvests. It makes around 20% of the GDP yearly and employs most of the population, mainly in the rural areas. The private industry is mostly developed by manufacturing, being an estimate of 73% of the economy. Black market activity is non-existent thanks to the government great work to completely crack it down.
===Employment===
Manannandrahana has a long history of unemployment and poverty, being 1970-1980 the most critical decades. In the suburbs of the capital, the poverty ranged 90% in 1975 to 1982. In the 2000s, unemployment raised again accompanying a political-economic crisis
Since 2010, the unemployment is having a gradual and steady decline, ranging 30.6% nowadays and around 35% in the rural areas. The government cut off many taxes and following a period of austerity, started to encourage private foreign investors to take part in the economy of the country. That's how many people took part of the workforce.
Unfortunately, many people is still not taking part of the workforce nor the economic stability.
===Inflation===
The years of economic austerity (''fitsitsiana ara-toekarena'' or simply ''fitsitsiana'') gave path to a speedy reduction of the inflation rates between the year 2000 and 2010.
In 2005, it was elected the Conservative Bernard Rakotobe as President, and as soon as he took office, started his economic plan which was known as ''Rakotonomics''. Many state-owned enterprises were privatised, taxes were drastically reduced and a budgetary cut was severely took forward. The new government had only three secretaries: Security, Law and Order and Administration, altogether forming less than 20% of the GDP. Inflation rate went down from 60% in 1990 to 5% in 2000, and fluctuating from 5% to 2% between 2000 and 2010.
==Demographics==
===Population===
In the last census, it gave a total population of 28,172,462 inhabitants. A bit less of that population lives in the capital city and the surrounding areas. A considerable amount of people live in rural towns, where they find more opportunities to have a job. Manannandrahana is a country with a very young population,
with approximately 55% of it ranging 0-10 or at least 20 years.
{{Population pyramid
|year=2020
|m0=7.3|m5=6.2|m10=6.1|m15=6.1|m20=4.8|m25=4.0|m30=3.3|m35=2.5 |m40=1.1 |m45=2.8 |m50=1.5|m55=1.2 |m60=1.7|m65=0.7 |m70=0.9 |m75=0.7|m80=0.8 |m85=0.1
|f0=7.0|f5=5.8|f10=5.9|f15=6.0|f20=4.9|f25=4.0|f30=3.3|f35=2.0 |f40=1.5|f45=2.2 |f50=1.4|f55=1.2 |f60=1.7|f65=0.3|f70=1.1|f75=0.2|f80=0.6 |f85=0.2
|mmax=8.5
|fmax=7.5
}}
===Religion===
{{Pie chart
| thumb = left
| caption = Religion in Madagascar (2020) according to the Manannandrahana Statistics Research Centre
| label1 = Christian
| value1 = 84.9
| color1 = Blue
| label3 = Muslim
| value3 = 3.1
| color3 = Green
| label2 = Folk religions
| value2 = 4.7
| color2 = Beige
| label4 = Unaffiliated
| value4 = 7.3
| color4 = Grey
| label5 = Other
| value5 = 0.3
| color5 = black
}}
The Constitution guarantees freedom of religion and separation of state and religion. In 2019, 84.9% of the population practised Christianity, the majority of which are 46.0% follow Protestantism in many of its variants (Anglican, Lutheran or Reformed Protestant Church), 37.9% follow Roman Catholicism and a 0.8% follow other branches like Eastern Orthodoxy or Mormonism.
A 7.3% of the population is irreligious, agnostic, atheist or unaffiliated, a 4.7% followed folk religions, mainly Animism, focalized in the belief of [[wikipedia: Famadihana|''famadihana'']] or venerating relatives' souls.
A 3.1% follow Islam, being Twelver Shias and Sunnis the largest numbers and a 0.3% follow other religions.
===Language===
The official languages are Malagasy and French. The last one is mostly used in the massive media and in business. French is also an optional subject at school from the elementary.
In the capital city, Ifanatasoa, and other largest cities, the youngsters created a specie of French-based creole, mixing French, Malagasy, English and some Hindi.
==Government and politics==
The Federal Republic of Manannandrahana works as it name says as a Federal semi-parliamentary republic, where the head of government is the President and the head of State is the Prime Minister. The Executive is elected every four years in free, equal, and direct elections. Voting is voluntary for every citizen from 15 years old. The Prime Minister is nominated by the President and needs a parliamentary vote of comfidence to form a government, if not reached, it can form a coalition government or dissolve the parliament and call for a snap election.
Both the President and the Prime Minister lead the administration of the country, but the Prime Minister is the one who represents the country in the abroad.

Latest revision as of 20:58, 21 February 2023

Federal Republic of Manannandrahana
Repoblika Federaly Manannandrahana
République Féderale du Manannandrahana
Flag of Manannandrahana
Flag
of Manannandrahana
Coat of arms
Motto: Tompo ô, omeo ranonorana sy vokatra tsara izahay (Malagasy)
O Lord, give us rain and good harvest
Anthem: Ry Tanindrazanay malala ô! (Malagasy)MediaPlayer.png
Madagascar (centered orthographic projection).svg
CapitalIfanatasoa
18° 56′ 0″ S, 47° 31′ 0″ E
Official languagesMalagasy and French
Recognised regional languagesMalagasy creole
Ethnic groups
(2002)
Religion
(2019)
  • 84.9% Christianity
  • —46.0% Protestantism
  • —37.9% Catholicism
  • —0.8% Other Christian
  • 7.3% No religion
  • 4.7% Traditional faiths
  • 3.1% Islam
  • 0.3% Others
Demonym(s)Manannese
GovernmentUnitary
semi-parliamentary
republic
• President
Ramiro Rakotonomenjanahary
• Prime Minister
Rasoherina Ramandimbilahatra
Area
• Total
587,041 km2 (226,658 sq mi)
• Water (%)
0.9
Population
• 2022 estimate
28,172,462
• Density
35.2/km2 (91.2/sq mi)
Gini28.5
low
HDIDecrease 0.121
low
CurrencyAriary (MNA)
Time zoneUTC+3
• Summer (DST)
UTC+4
Driving sideright
Calling code+261

Manannandrahana, officially Federal Republic of Manannandrahana (Malagasy: Repoblika Federaly Manannandrahana
French: République Féderale du Manannandrahana) is a sovereign country in East Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean and smaller islands. In recent times, the island is having major problem with corruption, famine and hyperinflation, together with a political crisis that some years ago ended in a coup d'état. Adolescent pregnancies are also a major problem in the poorest and smallest villages, with an average of 16.9 pregnancies yearly.

Geography

Most of the territory is covered by a dense jungle with high-crowned trees, aboundant vegetation and mangroves. In the southwest, there's a drier climate and less vegetation, mainly shrubs.

Climate

Climate data for Ifanatasoa
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 33.1
(91.6) 		33.8
(92.8) 		33.3
(91.9) 		32.4
(90.3) 		30.3
(86.5) 		28.8
(83.8) 		27.9
(82.2) 		28.2
(82.8) 		28.7
(83.7) 		29.6
(85.3) 		30.1
(86.2) 		31.9
(89.4) 		30.7
(87.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 28.1
(82.6) 		28.5
(83.3) 		27.7
(81.9) 		24.5
(76.1) 		23.4
(74.1) 		22.4
(72.3) 		21.8
(71.2) 		21.6
(70.9) 		22.3
(72.1) 		22.9
(73.2) 		23.6
(74.5) 		27.1
(80.8) 		24.5
(76.1)
Average low °C (°F) 23.2
(73.8) 		23.2
(73.8) 		22.2
(72.0) 		16.7
(62.1) 		16.5
(61.7) 		16.1
(61.0) 		15.7
(60.3) 		15.1
(59.2) 		15.9
(60.6) 		16.3
(61.3) 		17.2
(63.0) 		22.4
(72.3) 		18.4
(65.1)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 424.4
(16.71) 		215.7
(8.49) 		172.4
(6.79) 		93.1
(3.67) 		78.5
(3.09) 		67.3
(2.65) 		54.1
(2.13) 		11.9
(0.47) 		38.6
(1.52) 		123.4
(4.86) 		169.8
(6.69) 		256.6
(10.10) 		1,705.8
(67.17)
Average rainy days 19.8 17.5 15.3 8.0 5.7 2.2 1.1 0.8 5.4 9.6 11.8 14.4 111.6
Average relative humidity (%) 80.0 79.6 79.6 79.0 79.0 78.6 78.0 75.3 75.6 76.3 79.0 79.3 78.3
Mean monthly sunshine hours 210.5 178 199.1 220.5 228.8 206.1 213.9 235.0 249.5 251.0 232.7 201.1 2,626.2
Average ultraviolet index 8 9 7 5 5 4 5 6 7 7 8 9 7

The Central, West and Northern parts of the country enjoy a tropical climate, varying between tropical monsoon climate (Köppen: Af) and tropical savannah climate (Köppen: Aw). The Southern region has a semi-arid climate. Generally, the country has only two seasons, from November to April, a hot rainy season, with frequent destructive cyclones and lightning storms, and a relatively cooler dry season from May to October.

Economy

Classified as the poorest country in Africa and one of the poorest in the world, Manannandrahana is a low-income economy where the main industry is beef-based agriculture. In the tropical areas, fruit-based agriculture is also very important, being bananas, sugarcane, coffee and rice the most important harvests. It makes around 20% of the GDP yearly and employs most of the population, mainly in the rural areas. The private industry is mostly developed by manufacturing, being an estimate of 73% of the economy. Black market activity is non-existent thanks to the government great work to completely crack it down.

Employment

Manannandrahana has a long history of unemployment and poverty, being 1970-1980 the most critical decades. In the suburbs of the capital, the poverty ranged 90% in 1975 to 1982. In the 2000s, unemployment raised again accompanying a political-economic crisis Since 2010, the unemployment is having a gradual and steady decline, ranging 30.6% nowadays and around 35% in the rural areas. The government cut off many taxes and following a period of austerity, started to encourage private foreign investors to take part in the economy of the country. That's how many people took part of the workforce. Unfortunately, many people is still not taking part of the workforce nor the economic stability.

Inflation

The years of economic austerity (fitsitsiana ara-toekarena or simply fitsitsiana) gave path to a speedy reduction of the inflation rates between the year 2000 and 2010. In 2005, it was elected the Conservative Bernard Rakotobe as President, and as soon as he took office, started his economic plan which was known as Rakotonomics. Many state-owned enterprises were privatised, taxes were drastically reduced and a budgetary cut was severely took forward. The new government had only three secretaries: Security, Law and Order and Administration, altogether forming less than 20% of the GDP. Inflation rate went down from 60% in 1990 to 5% in 2000, and fluctuating from 5% to 2% between 2000 and 2010.

Demographics

Population

In the last census, it gave a total population of 28,172,462 inhabitants. A bit less of that population lives in the capital city and the surrounding areas. A considerable amount of people live in rural towns, where they find more opportunities to have a job. Manannandrahana is a country with a very young population, with approximately 55% of it ranging 0-10 or at least 20 years.

Population pyramid 2020
% Males Age Females %
0.1
 
 85+
 
 0.2
0.8
 
 80–84
 
 0.6
0.7
 
 75–79
 
 0.2
0.9
 
 70–74
 
 1.1
0.7
 
 65–69
 
 0.3
1.7
 
 60–64
 
 1.7
1.2
 
 55–59
 
 1.2
1.5
 
 50–54
 
 1.4
2.8
 
 45–49
 
 2.2
1.1
 
 40–44
 
 1.5
2.5
 
 35–39
 
 2.0
3.3
 
 30–34
 
 3.3
4.0
 
 25–29
 
 4.0
4.8
 
 20–24
 
 4.9
6.1
 
 15–19
 
 6.0
6.1
 
 10–14
 
 5.9
6.2
 
 5–9
 
 5.8
7.3
 
 0–4
 
 7.0

Religion

Religion in Madagascar (2020) according to the Manannandrahana Statistics Research Centre

  Christian (84.9%)
  Folk religions (4.7%)
  Muslim (3.1%)
  Unaffiliated (7.3%)
  Other (0.3%)

The Constitution guarantees freedom of religion and separation of state and religion. In 2019, 84.9% of the population practised Christianity, the majority of which are 46.0% follow Protestantism in many of its variants (Anglican, Lutheran or Reformed Protestant Church), 37.9% follow Roman Catholicism and a 0.8% follow other branches like Eastern Orthodoxy or Mormonism. A 7.3% of the population is irreligious, agnostic, atheist or unaffiliated, a 4.7% followed folk religions, mainly Animism, focalized in the belief of famadihana or venerating relatives' souls. A 3.1% follow Islam, being Twelver Shias and Sunnis the largest numbers and a 0.3% follow other religions.

Language

The official languages are Malagasy and French. The last one is mostly used in the massive media and in business. French is also an optional subject at school from the elementary. In the capital city, Ifanatasoa, and other largest cities, the youngsters created a specie of French-based creole, mixing French, Malagasy, English and some Hindi.

Government and politics

The Federal Republic of Manannandrahana works as it name says as a Federal semi-parliamentary republic, where the head of government is the President and the head of State is the Prime Minister. The Executive is elected every four years in free, equal, and direct elections. Voting is voluntary for every citizen from 15 years old. The Prime Minister is nominated by the President and needs a parliamentary vote of comfidence to form a government, if not reached, it can form a coalition government or dissolve the parliament and call for a snap election.

Both the President and the Prime Minister lead the administration of the country, but the Prime Minister is the one who represents the country in the abroad.

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