Manannandrahana
Federal Republic of Manannandrahana Repoblika Federaly Manannandrahana République Féderale du Manannandrahana | |
|---|---|
 Flag
 Coat of arms
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Motto: Tompo ô, omeo ranonorana sy vokatra tsara izahay (Malagasy) O Lord, give us rain and good harvest | |
Anthem: Ry Tanindrazanay malala ô! (Malagasy)  | |
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| Capital | Ifanatasoa 18° 56′ 0″ S, 47° 31′ 0″ E |
| Official languages | Malagasy and French |
| Recognised regional languages | Malagasy creole |
| Ethnic groups (2002) | |
| Religion (2019) |
|
| Demonym(s) | Manannese |
| Government | Unitary semi-parliamentary republic |
• President | Ramiro Rakotonomenjanahary |
• Prime Minister | Rasoherina Ramandimbilahatra |
| Area | |
• Total | 587,041 km2 (226,658 sq mi) |
• Water (%) | 0.9 |
| Population | |
• 2022 estimate | 28,172,462 |
• Density | 35.2/km2 (91.2/sq mi) |
| Gini | 28.5 low |
| HDI |  0.121low |
| Currency | Ariary (MNA) |
| Time zone | UTC+3 |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+4 |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +261 |
Manannandrahana, officially Federal Republic of Manannandrahana (Malagasy: Repoblika Federaly Manannandrahana
French: République Féderale du Manannandrahana) is a sovereign country in East Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean and smaller islands. In recent times, the island is having major problem with corruption, famine and hyperinflation, together with a political crisis that some years ago ended in a coup d'état. Adolescent pregnancies are also a major problem in the poorest and smallest villages, with an average of 16.9 pregnancies yearly.
Geography
Most of the territory is covered by a dense jungle with high-crowned trees, aboundant vegetation and mangroves. In the southwest, there's a drier climate and less vegetation, mainly shrubs.
Climate
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average high °C (°F) | 33.1 (91.6) |
33.8 (92.8) |
33.3 (91.9) |
32.4 (90.3) |
30.3 (86.5) |
28.8 (83.8) |
27.9 (82.2) |
28.2 (82.8) |
28.7 (83.7) |
29.6 (85.3) |
30.1 (86.2) |
31.9 (89.4) |
30.7 (87.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 28.1 (82.6) |
28.5 (83.3) |
27.7 (81.9) |
24.5 (76.1) |
23.4 (74.1) |
22.4 (72.3) |
21.8 (71.2) |
21.6 (70.9) |
22.3 (72.1) |
22.9 (73.2) |
23.6 (74.5) |
27.1 (80.8) |
24.5 (76.1) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 23.2 (73.8) |
23.2 (73.8) |
22.2 (72.0) |
16.7 (62.1) |
16.5 (61.7) |
16.1 (61.0) |
15.7 (60.3) |
15.1 (59.2) |
15.9 (60.6) |
16.3 (61.3) |
17.2 (63.0) |
22.4 (72.3) |
18.4 (65.1) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 424.4 (16.71) |
215.7 (8.49) |
172.4 (6.79) |
93.1 (3.67) |
78.5 (3.09) |
67.3 (2.65) |
54.1 (2.13) |
11.9 (0.47) |
38.6 (1.52) |
123.4 (4.86) |
169.8 (6.69) |
256.6 (10.10) |
1,705.8 (67.17) |
| Average rainy days | 19.8 | 17.5 | 15.3 | 8.0 | 5.7 | 2.2 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 5.4 | 9.6 | 11.8 | 14.4 | 111.6 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 80.0 | 79.6 | 79.6 | 79.0 | 79.0 | 78.6 | 78.0 | 75.3 | 75.6 | 76.3 | 79.0 | 79.3 | 78.3 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 210.5 | 178 | 199.1 | 220.5 | 228.8 | 206.1 | 213.9 | 235.0 | 249.5 | 251.0 | 232.7 | 201.1 | 2,626.2 |
| Average ultraviolet index | 8 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 7 |
The Central, West and Northern parts of the country enjoy a tropical climate, varying between tropical monsoon climate (Köppen: Af) and tropical savannah climate (Köppen: Aw). The Southern region has a semi-arid climate. Generally, the country has only two seasons, from November to April, a hot rainy season, with frequent destructive cyclones and lightning storms, and a relatively cooler dry season from May to October.
Economy
Classified as the poorest country in Africa and one of the poorest in the world, Manannandrahana is a low-income economy where the main industry is beef-based agriculture. In the tropical areas, fruit-based agriculture is also very important, being bananas, sugarcane, coffee and rice the most important harvests. It makes around 20% of the GDP yearly and employs most of the population, mainly in the rural areas. The private industry is mostly developed by manufacturing, being an estimate of 73% of the economy. Black market activity is non-existent thanks to the government great work to completely crack it down.
Employment
Manannandrahana has a long history of unemployment and poverty, being 1970-1980 the most critical decades. In the suburbs of the capital, the poverty ranged 90% in 1975 to 1982. In the 2000s, unemployment raised again accompanying a political-economic crisis Since 2010, the unemployment is having a gradual and steady decline, ranging 30.6% nowadays and around 35% in the rural areas. The government cut off many taxes and following a period of austerity, started to encourage private foreign investors to take part in the economy of the country. That's how many people took part of the workforce. Unfortunately, many people is still not taking part of the workforce nor the economic stability.
Inflation
The years of economic austerity (fitsitsiana ara-toekarena or simply fitsitsiana) gave path to a speedy reduction of the inflation rates between the year 2000 and 2010. In 2005, it was elected the Conservative Bernard Rakotobe as President, and as soon as he took office, started his economic plan which was known as Rakotonomics. Many state-owned enterprises were privatised, taxes were drastically reduced and a budgetary cut was severely took forward. The new government had only three secretaries: Security, Law and Order and Administration, altogether forming less than 20% of the GDP. Inflation rate went down from 60% in 1990 to 5% in 2000, and fluctuating from 5% to 2% between 2000 and 2010.
Demographics
Population
In the last census, it gave a total population of 28,172,462 inhabitants. A bit less of that population lives in the capital city and the surrounding areas. A considerable amount of people live in rural towns, where they find more opportunities to have a job. Manannandrahana is a country with a very young population, with approximately 55% of it ranging 0-10 or at least 20 years.
| Population pyramid 2020 | ||||
| % | Males | Age | Females | % |
| 0.1 | 85+ | 0.2 | ||
| 0.8 | 80–84 | 0.6 | ||
| 0.7 | 75–79 | 0.2 | ||
| 0.9 | 70–74 | 1.1 | ||
| 0.7 | 65–69 | 0.3 | ||
| 1.7 | 60–64 | 1.7 | ||
| 1.2 | 55–59 | 1.2 | ||
| 1.5 | 50–54 | 1.4 | ||
| 2.8 | 45–49 | 2.2 | ||
| 1.1 | 40–44 | 1.5 | ||
| 2.5 | 35–39 | 2.0 | ||
| 3.3 | 30–34 | 3.3 | ||
| 4.0 | 25–29 | 4.0 | ||
| 4.8 | 20–24 | 4.9 | ||
| 6.1 | 15–19 | 6.0 | ||
| 6.1 | 10–14 | 5.9 | ||
| 6.2 | 5–9 | 5.8 | ||
| 7.3 | 0–4 | 7.0 | ||
Religion
Religion in Madagascar (2020) according to the Manannandrahana Statistics Research Centre
The Constitution guarantees freedom of religion and separation of state and religion. In 2019, 84.9% of the population practised Christianity, the majority of which are 46.0% follow Protestantism in many of its variants (Anglican, Lutheran or Reformed Protestant Church), 37.9% follow Roman Catholicism and a 0.8% follow other branches like Eastern Orthodoxy or Mormonism. A 7.3% of the population is irreligious, agnostic, atheist or unaffiliated, a 4.7% followed folk religions, mainly Animism, focalized in the belief of famadihana or venerating relatives' souls. A 3.1% follow Islam, being Twelver Shias and Sunnis the largest numbers and a 0.3% follow other religions.
Language
The official languages are Malagasy and French. The last one is mostly used in the massive media and in business. French is also an optional subject at school from the elementary. In the capital city, Ifanatasoa, and other largest cities, the youngsters created a specie of French-based creole, mixing French, Malagasy, English and some Hindi.
Government and politics
The Federal Republic of Manannandrahana works as it name says as a Federal semi-parliamentary republic, where the head of government is the President and the head of State is the Prime Minister. The Executive is elected every four years in free, equal, and direct elections. Voting is voluntary for every citizen from 15 years old. The Prime Minister is nominated by the President and needs a parliamentary vote of comfidence to form a government, if not reached, it can form a coalition government or dissolve the parliament and call for a snap election.
Both the President and the Prime Minister lead the administration of the country, but the Prime Minister is the one who represents the country in the abroad.