Wihda: Difference between revisions
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|caption = Members of the Ibn Muzahir Resistance Committee near [[Umm az Zaytun]] | |caption = Members of the Ibn Muzahir Resistance Committee near [[Umm az Zaytun]] | ||
|date = 8 November 1958 – 26 January 1983<br/>({{Age in years and days|8 November 1958|26 January 1983|sep=and}}) | |date = 8 November 1958 – 26 January 1983<br/>({{Age in years and days|8 November 1958|26 January 1983|sep=and}}) | ||
|place = | |place = [[Agoanatolian Subcontinent]] | ||
|territory = | |territory = | ||
|result = [[Unification of Zubaydah]] | |result = [[Unification of Zubaydah]] | ||
*Decolonialization of the | *Decolonialization of the Agoanatolian Subcontinent | ||
|combatant1 = {{ | |combatant1 = {{flagicon_image|Flag of Aden (1937–1963).svg}} [[Crown Colony of Qusayr]]<br>{{flagicon_image|Sultanat de touggourt.jpg}} [[Suwaydah Sultanat]]<br>{{flagicon_image|Flag of the Taliban (Variant).svg}} [[Emirate of Balqis]]<br>{{flagicon_image|Mandate of Mesobotamia flag.gif}} [[Democratic Republic of Bouarej]]<br>{{flagicon_image|Flag of the Emirate of Transjordan.svg}} [[State of Fahel]]<br>{{flagicon_image|Flag of the Fujairah-Sharjah Federation.gif}} [[Republic of Ruhaybah]]<br>{{flagicon_image|Kathiri flag.svg}} [[Republic of Jamlah]]<br>{{flagicon_image|Mahraflag.svg}} [[Union of Hamid and Zahraa]]<br>{{flagicon_image|Chehab Emirate flag.svg}} [[Emirate of Abtin]]<br>{{flagicon_image|Abbasid Caliphate Caliphal Banner.svg}} [[Mankhalla Imamate]] | ||
|combatant2 = {{flagicon|Zubaydah}} [[Qusayri Republic]]<br>{{flagicon|Zubaydah}} [[People's Popular Resistence Committees]] | |combatant2 = {{flagicon|Zubaydah}} [[Qusayri Republic]]<br>{{flagicon|Zubaydah}} [[People's Popular Resistence Committees]] | ||
|combatant3 = {{ | *[[Rusafi Resistance Committee]] | ||
* | *[[Faylat al-Haq Resistance Committee]] | ||
* | *[[Harid al-Thuwaar Resistance Committee]] | ||
* | *[[Ibn Muzahir Resistance Committee]] | ||
{{ | *[[Murtafi'at Resistance Committees - Unified Command]] | ||
*[[Katibat al-Tahrir al-Naasiria]] | |||
*[[E Company]] | |||
*[[Fida'iyyun al-alThawr'iyyun]] | |||
*[[Huraas al-Salam]] | |||
{{flagicon_image|Flag of the Fujairah-Sharjah Federation.gif}} [[Republic of Ruhaybah]] (1963-1965) | |||
|combatant3 = {{flagicon_image|Flag of Afghanistan (1880–1901).svg}} [[Popular Resistence Front]] | |||
*[[Jaysh al-Salam]] | |||
*[[Liwa' al-Ayman Hifza]] | |||
*[[Jaysh al-Muqawamat al-Diymuqratia]] | |||
{{flagicon_image|Flag of abbasid caliphate.png}} [[Ansarullah]]<br>{{flagicon_image|Flag of Nizari Ismaili state (1090-1162).svg}} [[Jaysh al-Mudzhill]]<br>{{flagicon_image|Bandera de Khiva abans 1917.svg}} [[Halk Oppozisiýa Goşuny]]<br>{{flagicon_image|Flag of the Republic of Ararat.svg}} [[Hevbendiya Opozisyona Demokratîk - Eniya Karaşmandar|HOD-EK]]<br>{{flagicon_image|Flag of the Chan Santa Cruz Country.png}} [[Katibat Haras Tabaria]]<br>{{flagicon_image|Flag of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cincinnati.svg}} [[Jaysh al-Gharb al-Rasulii]] | |||
|commander1 = | |commander1 = {{flagicon_image|Flag of Aden (1937–1963).svg}} [[William Henry Phayre]]<br>{{flagicon_image|Sultanat de touggourt.jpg}} {{wp|Sultan}} [[Ikhtiyar al-Din ibn Mua'dh]]<br>{{flagicon_image|Flag of the Taliban (Variant).svg}} {{wp|Emir}} [[Taufiq al-Bahlol ibn Faheem]]<br>{{flagicon_image|Mandate of Mesobotamia flag.gif}} {{wp|President}} [[Ifraym Manqabadi]]<br>{{flagicon_image|Flag of the Emirate of Transjordan.svg}} [[Idris al-Otayf]]<br>{{flagicon_image|Flag of the Fujairah-Sharjah Federation.gif}} President [[Mustafa Bekir Silah]] (1965-1977)<br>{{flagicon_image|Kathiri flag.svg}} [[Julyat Talhouni]]<br>{{flagicon_image|Mahraflag.svg}} [[Abdul Mukhlis Taajwar]]<br>{{flagicon_image|Chehab Emirate flag.svg}} Emir [[Musa Safniya ibn Waqr al-Zahyr al-Za'ab]]<br>{{flagicon_image|Abbasid Caliphate Caliphal Banner.svg}} {{wp|Imam}} [[Abdullah Awad al-Mueaqly]] | ||
|commander2 = | |commander2 = {{flagicon|Zubaydah}} [[Hussayn al-Baqir ibn Ka'b Naqbiyli]]<br>{{flagicon|Zubaydah}} [[Hidayatullah Bettayeb]]<br>{{flagicon|Zubaydah}} [[Riyadh al-Alusi]]<br>{{flagicon|Zubaydah}} [[Amr al-Dawsi]]<br>{{flagicon|Zubaydah}} [[Sa'ad Abdul Qadir Zoubi]]<br>{{flagicon|Zubaydah}} [[Julaybib ibn Wahb al-Shalhoub]]<br>{{flagicon|Zubaydah}} [[Nauym al-Hilaliyyah]]<br>{{flagicon_image|Flag of the Fujairah-Sharjah Federation.gif}} [[Bursuq al-Athar]] (1963-1965) | ||
|commander3 = | |commander3 = {{flagicon_image|Flag of Afghanistan (1880–1901).svg}} [[Muhammad Ziryab al-Badr]]<br>{{flagicon_image|Flag of Afghanistan (1880–1901).svg}} [[Masruq al-Mubarak]]<br>{{flagicon_image|Flag of abbasid caliphate.png}} [[Anjum Othman al-Qaa'id]]<br>{{flagicon_image|Flag of Nizari Ismaili state (1090-1162).svg}} [[Ra'uf Abu Sabiq Talib al-Farrukh]]<br>{{flagicon_image|Bandera de Khiva abans 1917.svg}} [[Saadeddin Chadirji]]<br>{{flagicon_image|Flag of the Republic of Ararat.svg}} [[Azad Ali Malmîsanij]]<br>{{flagicon_image|Flag of the Chan Santa Cruz Country.png}} [[Nasrallah Bashir Saad]]<br>{{flagicon_image|Flag of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cincinnati.svg}} [[Symeon Abbas]] | ||
|strength1 = | |strength1 = '''Total troops''': 560,000 | ||
|strength2 = | |strength2 = '''Total troops''' 650,000<br>275,000 at peak | ||
|strength3 = | |strength3 = 75,000 | ||
|casualties1 = | |casualties1 = 97,900 {{wp|Killed in Action|KIA}}<br>271,000 {{wp|Wounded in Action|WIA}} and {{wp|Prisoner of War|POW}} | ||
|casualties2 = | |casualties2 = 142,000 {{wp|Killed in Action}}<br>376,000 {{wp|wounded in action|WIA}} | ||
|casualties3 = | |casualties3 = 18,700 {{wp|Killed in Action|KIA}} | ||
|casualties4 = | |casualties4 = '''Civilian Dead''': 275,000+ | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''Wihda''' was an armed conflict between Nationalist forces led by the [[Qusayri Republic]] and numerous khatti states on the [[Agoanatolian Subcontinent]]. In Zubaydi nationalist {{wp|historiography}} the conflict is considered to have started after the murder of [[Saadallah al-Ashari]] and the start of the [[Qusayr Emergency]] in 1958. The conflict lasted from the Qusayr Emergency until the signing of the [[ Marj al-Sultan Accords]] between [[Ruhaybah]], [[Mankhalla]], [[Abtin]], and [[Zubaydah|Qusayr]]. | |||
The conflict was conducted based on the ideological goals of the [[Party for National Liberation and Popular Democracy]] which spearheaded the Khatti insurgency in Qusayr. [[Hussayn al-Baqir ibn Ka'b Naqbiyli]] would bolster the growing nationalist militancy movement during the [[Cassette Revolution]] where he would distribute religious sermons via {{wp|RCA tape cartridge}} and then later by {{wp|cassette tape}}. Nationalist forces would [[invade the Suwaydah Sultanate]] and [[Balqis]]. Between 1963 and 1968 the [[Thulathi]] would control the Qusayri Republic, with the invasion of [[Fahel]] the Thulathi would expel Bettayeb, that next year the [[Toilers Revolution]] and the attempted coup by al-Alusi would fail, leaving Naqbiyli as the sole leader of the Party for National Liberation and Popular Democracy. | |||
in 1973 Qusayri forces would conduct the [[Highland Campaign]] with the intent of invading and taking over [[Abtin]], [[Hamid and Zahraa]], [[Ruhaybah]], and [[Jamlah]]. The invasion would devastate the local economies of the region and led to increased regional instability. major battles in [[Deir al-Nasraniy]], [[Koysin]], and [[Baykufteh]] led to large losses on all sides. The conflict would end in 1983 after the signing of the [[Marj al-Sultan Accords]] which formally incorporated the last remaining states into Qusayr. | |||
==Background== | |||
===Crown Colony of Qusayr=== | |||
===Abtin=== | |||
===Other Khatti States=== | |||
==Qusayr Emergency and the Suwaydah Insurgency== | |||
==Cassette Revolution== | |||
==Invasion of Balqis and War in the South== | |||
==Invasion of Fahel and the Toilers Revolution== | |||
==Insurgencies in the North== | |||
==Highland Campaign== | |||
==War with Abtin and Mankhalla== | |||
==Fall of Deir al-Nasraniyy and the Marj al-Sultan Accords== | |||
==Aftermath== | |||
===Casualties=== | |||
===Economic Situation=== | |||
===Science and Technology=== | |||
===Post-War Insurgency=== | |||
===Popular Support=== | |||
===War Crimes Trials=== | |||
===Qusayri use of WMDs=== | |||
==Foreign Involvement== | |||
==Cultural Impact== | |||
Latest revision as of 16:26, 24 February 2023
The Wihda was an armed conflict between Nationalist forces led by the Qusayri Republic and numerous khatti states on the Agoanatolian Subcontinent. In Zubaydi nationalist historiography the conflict is considered to have started after the murder of Saadallah al-Ashari and the start of the Qusayr Emergency in 1958. The conflict lasted from the Qusayr Emergency until the signing of the Marj al-Sultan Accords between Ruhaybah, Mankhalla, Abtin, and Qusayr.
The conflict was conducted based on the ideological goals of the Party for National Liberation and Popular Democracy which spearheaded the Khatti insurgency in Qusayr. Hussayn al-Baqir ibn Ka'b Naqbiyli would bolster the growing nationalist militancy movement during the Cassette Revolution where he would distribute religious sermons via RCA tape cartridge and then later by cassette tape. Nationalist forces would invade the Suwaydah Sultanate and Balqis. Between 1963 and 1968 the Thulathi would control the Qusayri Republic, with the invasion of Fahel the Thulathi would expel Bettayeb, that next year the Toilers Revolution and the attempted coup by al-Alusi would fail, leaving Naqbiyli as the sole leader of the Party for National Liberation and Popular Democracy.
in 1973 Qusayri forces would conduct the Highland Campaign with the intent of invading and taking over Abtin, Hamid and Zahraa, Ruhaybah, and Jamlah. The invasion would devastate the local economies of the region and led to increased regional instability. major battles in Deir al-Nasraniy, Koysin, and Baykufteh led to large losses on all sides. The conflict would end in 1983 after the signing of the Marj al-Sultan Accords which formally incorporated the last remaining states into Qusayr.