Hussayn al-Baqir ibn Ka'b Naqbiyli
Hussayn al-Baqir ibn Ka'b Naqbiyli | |
|---|---|
| حسين الباقر بن كعب نقبلي | |
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| Chairman of the Party for National Liberation and Popular Democracy | |
| In office 3 December 1949 – 8 June 1989 | |
| Preceded by | Office established |
| Succeeded by | Qahhar al-Wahhab |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 17 May 1925 Salheyah, Mandate of Zahraa |
| Died | 5 July 1990 (aged 65) Muzayria, Zubaydah |
| Resting place | Mausoleum of the Republic |
| Nationality | Zahraani (1925-1937) Qusayri (1937-1983) Zubaydi (1983-1990) |
| Spouse | Ruqayya al-Fadhli (1951) |
| Children |
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| Personal | |
| Religion | Nahjiyyah |
| Denomination | Sharafi |
| Jurisprudence | Ra'idi |
| Notable idea(s) | al-Maskunia Wisayat al-Diymuqratia |
| Notable work(s) | Ibn Mukhtar and the Karitha al-Mitafiziqa ghayr al-Marbuta The Talibani of 700 to 720 al-Wahdat ghayr al-Mashrutat Lileaql wal-Jasad Metaphysics of Ghayba and Raj'a |
| Alma mater | Ali ibn Mas'ada Seminary |
| Senior posting | |
| Teacher | Shaykh al-Islam Sayyid Maytham al-Dandachi |
Influenced | |
Hussayn al-Baqir ibn Ka'b Naqbiyli (17 May 1925-5 July 1990) known posthumously as Mullah Sayyid, or by his Kunya Abu Thawra, was a Zubaydi political and religious figure who served as Chairman of the Party for National Liberation and Popular Democracy from 1949 until he stepped down in 1989. He was the founder of the Federal State of Zubaydah and an architect of the Widha, which oversaw the violent unification of numerous Khatti States during the cold war. After the Revolution he maintained his position as Chair of the party and held de-facto absolute power over the state.
Naqbiyli was born in the city of Salheyah, His father was a Soldier in the Mandate Police in Zahraa. His family moved to the city of al-Sumaidi'ah, in the Crown Colony of Qusayr. Hussayn was a studious youth, His parents would pool money to make sure that Naqbiyli was able to attend private schools run by the Tiberian Church. When he was 13 years old he would enroll in a Madrasa. He would quickly fall into scholarly pursuits while under the teaching of Maytham al-Dandachi. It was during this time that he was able to discover his relation to the Prophet Ubaydullah and was thus given the title Sayyid. He would complete his studies in 1948. Having already been deemed an excellent orator and see as a virgining religious leader. He helped to found the Party for National Liberation and Popular Democracy as part of his growing and vocal anti-colonial message. He was initially the Junior Partner in this arrangement as Hidayatullah Bettayeb, and Riyadh al-Alusi were seasoned political operatives. But the young cleric had a message that complimented the shared ideas of the others and was brought on to help pull in the rural and conservative populace who might have otherwise looked at the movement with skepticism.
As a member of the Hizb he would conduct teach classes in underground meetings. His message of Jumhuriaatia, religious pluralism, and human rights, all from the context of Nahjiyyah. invoking the life of Ubaydullah as an example for the liberation of the downtrodden. He would be arrested in 1954 by the Colonial Police, charged with "incitement of terrorism". He would be released in 1956 after a series of riots in the countryside forced the colonial government to concede. He would then play a major role in organizing partisan forces after the Execution of Saadallah al-Ashari in 1958. After the Qusayr Emergency he would conduct the Cassette Revolution, disseminating sermons throughout the Khatti speaking world and helping to propagate the message of the Hizb. Naqbaiyli, along with al-Alusi would be successful in pushing Bettayeb out of the Hizb and marginalizing his support base during the al-Taeqim Affair. Naqbaiyli and al-Alusi would also quarrel privately over the direction of the revolution. With al-Alusi being a strictly secular westernizer, Naqbaiyli opted for a balanced, modernist approach which aimed to find Khatti analogues to western modernity. With support of elements in the military and the ONI, al-Alusi would attempt a coup to oust Naqbiyli. However Naqbaiyli loyalist in the general ranks tipped him off and he was able to escape and mobilize popular support against the coup. Naqbiyli would be the soul leader of the Hizb, ending the Thulathi in 1977. With the conclusion of the Wihda in 1983, Naqbiyli would establish the Federal Union of Zubaydah. Helping to create a pluralistic federal republic, with the Hizb being the sole legal political party. He would retain his high standing in the government even after delegating official powers to the Chairman of the Federal Council and the Premier. He would serve in this role as a unofficial leader until he stepped down in 1989 due to health concerns. In 1990 he would die of complications from stomach cancer.
Naqbiyli has been lauded as a "uncompromising, charismatic leader of immense popularity". His contributions to political and religious theory are still influential in global affairs. He was known for his pious and conservative manner, which clashed with his exceedingly modern and radical politics. A major innovator of religiously oriented populist nationalism, Naqbiyli's politics have been described by his supporters as the "Duel Nationalism", encompassing Khatti Nationalism, and Economic Nationalism. His foreign policy placed him at odds with both Sarvatia, Kerman, and Valaran. Naqbiyli has been criticized as a despot, and for cultivating a cult of personality while in power. His domestic policy post-wihda failed to rebuild key areas of the new federation, with claims of corruption as the south has recovered far more than the north. Since his death in 1990 his body has resided in the Mausoleum of the Republic, which housed the bodies of venerated military and political figures who died or took part in the unification of Zubaydah. Since 1989 he has been referred to simply by the honorific Mullah Sayyid in all official Zubaydi media.
Family & Early Life
Naqbiyli was born in the city of Salheyah in the northeast of the Mandate of Zahraa. His family was originally from the Bustan al-Tiyn region in the south near Khorisa. His great-grandfather Yousef Ubayd was a textile merchant from the Bustan al-Tiyn region who moved to the city of Salheyah in 1889 to facilitate the trade of textiles to new markets opening in the north. His family was known locally for their support of colonial administration in the region. The family had prospered under Valaran rule. His grandfather, Fahhad, was a lieutenant in the Colonial Police, which acted as a domestic military force. Having fought in the Great War his grandfather became more overtly religious. His father was a secular westernized Khatt who followed in his fathers footsteps as a soldier in the Mandate Police. The family enjoyed western music, literature, and entertainment. His father would eventually westernize his name Ka'b to Robert in order to better assimilate into the colonial strata. The family is descended from the prophet Ubaydullah through Ali Hasan, the 4th son of Abd-al Qayyum and his wife Amru bint Bishr al-Hudhayfah.
Hussayn would be the 8th child of the family. Soon after his birth the family would relocate to the Crown Colony of Qusayr as his father ran afoul with local leaders for his role in the police crackdown of numerous religious opposition groups. Qusayr was seen as the jewel of the Valaranian colonies in the region and his father quickly made himself at home. Hussayn would attend St. Aloysius Boys School which had recently opened up to Khattis whose families worked in colonial administration. Hussayn was deemed a "loafer" and "reprobate" by his Principle. He would finish his primary education at St. Aloysius and through the intervention of his grandfather, his father would place him at the local madrasa in al-Sumaidi'ah. Hussayn would become enamored in religious studies, encouraged by his grandfather but tacitly criticized by his father.
He would finish his initial studies in 1943 and would become a Cleric under Shaykh al-Islam Sayyid Maytham al-Dandachi. Naqbiyli would begin writing books and taking part in anti-colonial political activism. He came into the public eye after the release of his first full length book on Nahjiyyah theology, al-Mitafiziqa ghayr al-Marbuta. He would also take up a clerical role at the Ayman ibn Khabbat Mosque in Khorisa. His sermons were popular especially with the poor working class. It was during this time that he would meet Rihyad al-Alusi who would become a good friend of his. The two would commonly talk about the political issues of the day, and would come to influence one another. Naqbiyli would graduate with a degree in Mabadi. He would become one of the youngest people at the time to be bestowed the title of Mullah.