1988 Siege of Senora: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox military conflict
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict    = Siege of Senora
| conflict    = Siege of Senora
| width      =  
| width      =  
| partof      = ''Movimiento del Gran Rugido Libre uprisings''
| partof      = ''Movimiento del Anáhuac Libre uprisings''
| image      = File:Senora Uprising events.jpg
| image      = File:Caracazo fire.png
| image_size  =
| image_size  =
| alt        =
| alt        =
| caption    = Clockwise from left: Federal soldiers taking cover on the back seat of a [[SRAT]]; a tankette entering [[Aztlán]]; Members of the [[777th Legion]] on the Izalco municipal palace; leftovers of a burned truck used as a barrier; Television images of Izalco in the moments the 777th Legion entered the city ; Guerrilla members assaulting federal positions in Peñuelos.
| caption    = Television images of Izalco in the moments the National Guard entered the city.
| date        = June 16 - July 10, 1988 (24 days)
| date        = June 16 - July 10, 1988 (24 days)
| place      =  State of [[Senora]], [[Gran Rugido]]
| place      =  State of [[Senora]], [[Anáhuac]]
| coordinates = <!--Use the {{coord}} template -->
| coordinates = <!--Use the {{coord}} template -->
| result      = Uprising  violently suppressed
| result      = Uprising  violently suppressed
Line 17: Line 18:
| status      =  
| status      =  
| combatants_header = Combatants
| combatants_header = Combatants
| combatant1  = * {{flagicon|Gran Rugido}} [[Gran Rugido|Federal Government]]
| combatant1  =
* [[National Guard (Gran Rugido)|Guardia Nacional]]
{{flagicon|Gran Rugido}} [[Anáhuac|Federal Government]]
| combatant2  = * [[File:Flag of FGR (1988).jpg|25px|frameless]][[Movimiento por el Gran Rugido Libre]]
** [[File:Logo of the GRAF.png|23px]] [[Gran Rugidoense Federal Army]]
| combatant3  = * [[Autodefensas de Senora]]
** [[National Guard (Gran Rugido)|Guardia Nacional]]
| combatant2  =
{{flagicon|Gran Rugido|FGR}} [[Movimiento por el Gran Rugido Libre]]
| combatant3  =
[[Autodefensas de Senora]]
*  Policía Popular
*  Policía Popular
* Other armed civilian groups
* Other armed civilian groups
| commander1  = * President [[Daniel Figueroa]]
| commander1  =  
* Commander [[Francisco Javier Covarrubias]]
{{flagicon|Gran Rugido}} President [[Sergio Kurosawa]] <br>
* Advisor [[Julia Martínez]]
{{flagicon|Gran Rugido}} Prime Minister [[Mateo Aspe de Armella]] <br>
| commander2  = * [[Eugenio Mercader]]
{{flagicon|Gran Rugido}} Commander [[Francisco Javier Covarrubias]] <br>
* [[Alcina Sánchez]]
{{flagicon|Gran Rugido}} Advisor [[Julia Martínez]]
* [[César Cuadra]]
| commander2  =  
| commander3  = * [[Mónica Beltrán-Torres]]
{{flagicon|Gran Rugido|FGR}} Comandante [[Eugenio Mercader]] <br>
[[Nicolás Beltrán-Torres]]
{{flagicon|Gran Rugido|FGR}} Subcomandante [[Alcina Sánchez]] <br>
| strength1  = * [[Fuerzas Armadas del Gran Rugido|Gran Rugido Federal Armed Forces]]
{{flagicon|Gran Rugido|FGR}} [[César Cuadra]] <br>
** 160,000 soldiers
| commander3  =  
* [[National Guard (Gran Rugido)]]
[[Mónica Beltrán-Torres]] <br>
** 30,000 National Guard
[[Nicolás Beltrán-Torres]] <br>
* [[777th Legion]]
| strength1  =  
** 5,000 Legionaries
[[Gran Rugidoense Federal Armed Forces]]
| strength2  = * +50,000 members
* 60,000 soldiers
* 10 - 12 Piston airplanes
[[Gran Rugidoense Federal Army]]
* 1 captured APC
* 25,000 soldiers
| strength3  = * 20,000 - 35,000 voluntaries
[[National Guard (Gran Rugido)]]
| casualties1 = * 400 servicemen killed
* 3,000 National Guard
*4,038 National Guard members killed
Legión N° 777
* 20 Legioners killed
* 1,000 Legionaries
| casualties2 = *13,476 Ggerrilleros killed.
| strength2  =  
* 121,199 guerrilelros detained
+10,000 members
| casualties3 = 66 autodefensas killed
10 - 12 Piston airplanes
1 captured APC
| strength3  = 20,000 - 35,000 voluntaries
| casualties1 =  
400 servicemen killed
438 National Guard members killed
20 Legionarios killed
| casualties2 =  
780 Guerrilleros killed. <br>
3000 guerrilelros detained
| casualties3 =  
66 autodefensas killed
| notes      =  
| notes      =  
| campaignbox =  
| campaignbox =  
}}
}}


The ''' 1988 Siege of Senora''', also known as the '''''Senoran Uprising''''' or the '''''Senoran incursion''''' (Spanish: ''Asedio de Senora''), which engulfed the Rugidoense state of [[Senora]], was a uprising that saw a Federal Military intervention against those loyal to the [[Movimiento Libre del Gran Rugido]], or the succesors of the [[Proceso de Reorganización Nacional|National Reorganization Process]] during the [[Gran Rugidoan Civil War|Gran Rugidoense Civil War]]. This revolution marked a significant period in the history of Left-wing politics in Gran Rugido and doubted the international community whether Gran Rugido's stability post-1982 would be perpetual.
The ''' 1988 Siege of Senora''', also known as the '''''Senoran insurgency''''' (Spanish: ''Asedio de Senora''), which engulfed the Anahuaca state of [[Senora]], was a uprising that saw a Federal Military intervention against those loyal to the [[Movimiento por el Gran Rugido Libre]]. This short-lived revolution marked a significant period in the history of left-wing politics in Anáhuac and doubted the international community whether Anáhuac's stability post-1970 would be perpetual or even stable.


The uprising began in the city of Izamal, after members of the MGRL fired upon and beaten government troops. Some Gwangju citizens took up arms, raiding local police stations and armouries, and were able to take control of large sections of the city before calling for expansion to other Senoran cities. The response by the federal government was swift against the rioters and the militias. Taking experience from past uprisings, the governemnt swoop most FGR offensives of Aztlán, Izalco and Peñuelos. After 24 days of unrest and leftist setbacks that included the formation of the ''[[Autodefensas]]'', armed civilian groups, the government alongside the [[777th Legion]] of the [[National Guard (Gran Rugido)|National Guard]] pushed flanks of the leftists and re-entered the city of Izalco. With most of the MGRL leadership captured in the process, the uprising was quelled and these leaders and associates were executed for treason.
The uprising began in the city of [[Izamal]], after members of the Movana fired upon and beaten government troops. Some citizens took up arms, raiding local police stations and armouries, and were able to take control of large sections of the city before calling for expansion to other Senoran cities. The response by the federal government was swift against the rioters and the militias. Taking experience from past uprisings, the governemnt sweep most FGR offensives of Aztlán, Izamal and Peñuelos. After 24 days of unrest and leftist setbacks that included the formation of the ''[[Autodefensas]]'', armed civilian groups, the government alongside the ''Legión N°777'' of the [[National Guard (Gran Rugido)|National Guard]] pushed flanks of the leftists and re-entered the city of [[Izalco]], capital of the Separatists. With most of the MGRL leadership captured in the process, the uprising was quelled and these leaders and associates were executed for treason.


At the time, the Rugidoense governemnt reported an estimate 5000 deaths amongst Federal forces, National Guard Members and armed civilians. Civilian casualties are often estimated between 450-800 deaths.
At the time, the Rugidoense governemnt reported an estimate 5000 deaths amongst Federal forces, National Guard Members and armed civilians. Civilian casualties are often estimated between 450-800 deaths.


== Prelude ==
After the [[Gran Rugidoense Civil War]] destroyed most of the country, people loyal to the [[Pensamiento de Zavala]],  (a mixture of Singularism and Socialism) defected the country and avoided capture in the immediate days following the Santa Elisa ceasefire. Rejecting most of the Loyalist government causes and position, the predecessor of the [[Movimiento por el Gran Rugido Libre]] was formed. Stigmatization of the left continued as the Rugidoense government continued to suppress instances of political mobilization and social organization as part of what is known as ''Operación Equilibrio''. During the [[Reconstrucción]], several NRP sympathetic organizations as well as small armed groups began to form in Senora through the 1970s. At the same time, many socialist individuals known as ''guerrilleros'' formed small armed militant groups in response to persecution, one of which became the MGRL.
After Sergio Kurosawa's rise to power following the dubious [[1986 Anahuaca federal election]], the IFE dropped recognition of serveral leftist parties, including the Communist Party of Gran Rugido. Most members of these parties became memebers of the MGRL after they were promised a return to ballots after their takeover. The catalyst for the MGRL's decision to revolt was the arrest of communist leader [[Lázaro Jaramillo]]. In the year before the rebellion, the MGRL designated [[Eugenio Mercader|''Subcomandante'' Eugenio]] (Spanish for "Subcommander") as the ideological leader of the uprising and also made plans to declare war on the state of Anáhuac. Daniel was unique in his leadership because unlike most of the uprising participants, his determination was real and unbreakable. The MGRL declared war on the Rugidoense state on June 15, 1988 to protest Jaramillo's arrest and trial.
== Uprising ==
=== June 16–19 ===
=== June 20–25 ===
=== June 26 ===
=== June 27-July 3 ===
=== July 4-9 ===
=== July 10 ===
== Aftermath ==
== Support ==
== See also ==




[[Category: Anteria]]
[[Category: Anteria]]
[[Category: Anáhuac]]

Latest revision as of 06:05, 1 March 2023

Siege of Senora
Part of Movimiento del Anáhuac Libre uprisings
Caracazo fire.png
Television images of Izalco in the moments the National Guard entered the city.
DateJune 16 - July 10, 1988 (24 days)
Location
State of Senora, Anáhuac
Result

Uprising violently suppressed

  • Leftist movements across the country become stigmatized.
  • Most of rebuilded Senoran infrastructure is destroyed.
  • Movimiento por el Gran Rugido Libre hybernates until 2021.
  • Popular support for leftists dwindled.
Combatants

Anáhuac Federal Government

Anáhuac Movimiento por el Gran Rugido Libre

Autodefensas de Senora

  • Policía Popular
  • Other armed civilian groups
Commanders and leaders

Anáhuac President Sergio Kurosawa
Anáhuac Prime Minister Mateo Aspe de Armella
Anáhuac Commander Francisco Javier Covarrubias

Anáhuac Advisor Julia Martínez

Anáhuac Comandante Eugenio Mercader
Anáhuac Subcomandante Alcina Sánchez

Anáhuac César Cuadra

Mónica Beltrán-Torres

Nicolás Beltrán-Torres
Strength

Gran Rugidoense Federal Armed Forces

  • 60,000 soldiers

Gran Rugidoense Federal Army

  • 25,000 soldiers

National Guard (Gran Rugido)

  • 3,000 National Guard

Legión N° 777

  • 1,000 Legionaries

+10,000 members 10 - 12 Piston airplanes

1 captured APC
20,000 - 35,000 voluntaries
Casualties and losses

400 servicemen killed 438 National Guard members killed

20 Legionarios killed

780 Guerrilleros killed.

3000 guerrilelros detained
66 autodefensas killed

The 1988 Siege of Senora, also known as the Senoran insurgency (Spanish: Asedio de Senora), which engulfed the Anahuaca state of Senora, was a uprising that saw a Federal Military intervention against those loyal to the Movimiento por el Gran Rugido Libre. This short-lived revolution marked a significant period in the history of left-wing politics in Anáhuac and doubted the international community whether Anáhuac's stability post-1970 would be perpetual or even stable.

The uprising began in the city of Izamal, after members of the Movana fired upon and beaten government troops. Some citizens took up arms, raiding local police stations and armouries, and were able to take control of large sections of the city before calling for expansion to other Senoran cities. The response by the federal government was swift against the rioters and the militias. Taking experience from past uprisings, the governemnt sweep most FGR offensives of Aztlán, Izamal and Peñuelos. After 24 days of unrest and leftist setbacks that included the formation of the Autodefensas, armed civilian groups, the government alongside the Legión N°777 of the National Guard pushed flanks of the leftists and re-entered the city of Izalco, capital of the Separatists. With most of the MGRL leadership captured in the process, the uprising was quelled and these leaders and associates were executed for treason.

At the time, the Rugidoense governemnt reported an estimate 5000 deaths amongst Federal forces, National Guard Members and armed civilians. Civilian casualties are often estimated between 450-800 deaths.

Prelude

After the Gran Rugidoense Civil War destroyed most of the country, people loyal to the Pensamiento de Zavala, (a mixture of Singularism and Socialism) defected the country and avoided capture in the immediate days following the Santa Elisa ceasefire. Rejecting most of the Loyalist government causes and position, the predecessor of the Movimiento por el Gran Rugido Libre was formed. Stigmatization of the left continued as the Rugidoense government continued to suppress instances of political mobilization and social organization as part of what is known as Operación Equilibrio. During the Reconstrucción, several NRP sympathetic organizations as well as small armed groups began to form in Senora through the 1970s. At the same time, many socialist individuals known as guerrilleros formed small armed militant groups in response to persecution, one of which became the MGRL.

After Sergio Kurosawa's rise to power following the dubious 1986 Anahuaca federal election, the IFE dropped recognition of serveral leftist parties, including the Communist Party of Gran Rugido. Most members of these parties became memebers of the MGRL after they were promised a return to ballots after their takeover. The catalyst for the MGRL's decision to revolt was the arrest of communist leader Lázaro Jaramillo. In the year before the rebellion, the MGRL designated Subcomandante Eugenio (Spanish for "Subcommander") as the ideological leader of the uprising and also made plans to declare war on the state of Anáhuac. Daniel was unique in his leadership because unlike most of the uprising participants, his determination was real and unbreakable. The MGRL declared war on the Rugidoense state on June 15, 1988 to protest Jaramillo's arrest and trial.

Uprising

June 16–19

June 20–25

June 26

June 27-July 3

July 4-9

July 10

Aftermath

Support

See also