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Most Serene and Auspicious Republic of Cavarzere Serenìsima è Auspixio Repùblica Cavarsère
Flag Coat of Arms
Motto:  Patria cedit Mare The Sea yields to the Fatherland
Anthem:  Na Bandiera, na Léngoa, na Storia One Flag, one Language, one History
Capital	Cavarzere
Largest city	Brondolo
Official languages	Cavarzerian
Demonym(s)	Cavarzerian
Government	Unitary oligarchic elective monarchy
• Doge	Leonardo Dondorana
• Prime Minister	Teodato Mastropiero
• President of the Signoria	Bartolomeo Dondorana
Legislature	Great Council of the Most Serene
• Upper house	Council of Thirteen
• Lower house	Signoria
Independence from the Latin Empire
• Independence from Latium	1062
• Council of Seven	1135
• Devotion of Brondolo to Cavarzere	1235
• Devotion of the Three Cities	1310
• Devotion of Cavarzere to the Dondodara	1867
• Current constitution	2005
Area
•	56,928 km2 (21,980 sq mi)
Population
• 2018 estimate	9,887,404
• 2010 census	9,126,333
• Density	173.68/km2 (449.8/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)	estimate
• Total	$314.91 billion
• Per capita	$31,850
GDP (nominal)	estimate
• Total	$298.35 billion
• Per capita	$30,175
Gini	50.8 high
HDI	0.863 very high
Currency	Florin (ƒ)
Date format	dd.mm.yyyy
Driving side	left

Cavarzere (Cavarzerian: Cavarsère), officially the Most Serene and Auspicious Republic of Cavarzere (Cavarzerian: Serenìsima è Auspixio Repùblica Cavarsère) is a unitary elective constitutional monarchy, located in southern Belisaria. The country covers an area of 56,928 km2 (21,980 sq mi) and shares open land borders with Latium to the west and Lihnidos to the north, and is bound by the Gulf of Cavarzere to the south. Cavarzere has a maritime territory on the islands of Dorsoduro off the coast of Scipia and east of Sydalon. With around 9.8 million inhabitants, it is the smallest member state of the Belisarian Community.

History...

Today, Cavarzere has the Xth largest economy in the world. As an advanced economy the country is home to high human development and life expectancy. Despite its size, the country plays a major role in regional and global cultural, political, religious and diplomatic affairs. It is a member of the Belisarian Community, the Perilcean Forum and the Organization of Latin States.

Government and politics

Cavarzere is a unitary state under a elective constitutional monarchy. Cavarzere's constitution, adopted in 1867 and amended a number of times since, is the legal framework that governs the monarch, government, bicameral legislature and judiciary. The Doge retains wide executive and legislative powers from the government and parliament. The doge exercises his powers personally and through the government that he appoints for a four-year term, which is responsible before the parliament that is made up of two chambers: the Council of Thirteen and the Signoria. The judiciary is independent according to the constitution.

Leonardo Dondorana has been Doge since 1985.

The doge is the head of state and commander-in-chief of the armed forces. He can declare war and peace, ratify laws and treaties, convene and close legislative sessions, call and postpone elections, dismiss the government and dissolve the parliament. The appointed government can also be dismissed through a majority vote of no confidence by the elected Signoria. After a bill is proposed by the government, it must be approved by the Signoria then the Council of Thirteen, and becomes law after being ratified by the Doge. A ducal veto cannot be overridden. The parliament also has the right of interpellation.

Teodato Mastropiero has been Prime Minister since 2017.

The Prime Minister serves as the head of government due to its role as the leader of the cabinet; however, cabinet is chaired by the Doge, when he is present. The Prime Minister serves as the Doge's chief government minister, and presiding officer of the Signoria. Historically, the Prime minister was not responsible to the Signoria, but solely to the Doge or Council of Thirteen. Since the 20th century, the Prime Minister is typically the leader of the largest party or group of parties in the Signoria, causing the sitting prime minister to hold both the confidence of the Doge and a majority of the Signoria.

The 13 members of the upper Council of Thirteen are the chosen representatives of the country's wealthiest patrician families, and the seats are held for life. The 70 members of the lower Signoria are elected through first-past-the-post in 22 constituencies for a 4-year term.

According to the Forum of Nations, Cavarzere's political system is highly oligarchical and exclusive, with power centralised around the thirteen wealthiest families, at the expense of popularly elected assemblies.

Doge

Main article: Doge of Cavarzere

The position of the Doge of Cavarzere (Doxe de Cavarsère) traces its origins to Dioclexiano Cavarseran, a Latin noble who led the city-state in securing independence from the Latin Empire in 1062. Prior, he served as Duke of Cavarserium, where upon independence, he opted to maintain his rank, adopting the title Doxe, a translation of Duce in the local dialect.

From 1062 until 1135, the Doge ruled as an absolute monarch, only taking the advice and interjections of the wealthiest and most prominent patrician families through the Great Council of the Lagoon. In 1135, the Council of Seven devised a quasi-constitution, establishing numerous assemblies to check the Doge's power. By the 16th century, the Doge had come to depend upon the various assemblies for his power, duties and responsibilities, leading to Cavarzere operating a system close to the classical republics of Latium.

In 1867, following the Sorellan Crisis and the Devotion of Cavarzere to the Dondarana, the office of the Doge was significantly empowered with the elimination of numerous assemblies, to the extent that Cavarzere effectively reformed into a semi-constitutional monarchy. While the Doge is officially the head of state only, he retains significant powers over the legislature, judiciary and executive. The Doge is tasked with appointing the Prime Minister upon an election, from a member of the Signoria (lower house), as well as approve all cabinet appointments. He alone, can declare war and peace, ratify laws and treaties, convene and close legislative sessions, call and postpone elections, dismiss the government and dissolve the parliament. The Doge also retains a royal veto that cannot be overturned by parliament. The Doge is also permitted to promote legislation by proxy, sit on cabinet meetings or chair them when covering matters of state (trade, defence and foreign policy). The Doge also has power of decree in the form of "Ducal Proclamation" (Proclamassion Ducale), ducal proclamations can be superseded by council legislation, provided the doge assents. In most cases such edicts are enforced through legislation by the government of the time.

The position is held for life and the 1867 constitution offers vague provisions for the forced removal of an incumbent. Since 1867, the office has been held by the Dondorana family uninterrupted and has resulted in the office becoming hereditary.

Great Council

Main article: Great Council of Cavarzere

The Great Council of the Republic is the bicameral legislature of Cavarzere, consisting of the Council of Thirteen, as the upper-house and the 70-member Signoria as the lower house.

The Council of Thirteen is the oldest house of the Great Council, existing as a legal successor to numerous influential councils comprised of the most prominent patrician families, the original being the Council of Seven, which established lower assemblies in 1135.

The Council of Thirteen in session (the families are often represented by Assessors; Assessori).

Today, the Council of Thirteen holds immense influence and power, often as the proxy for the Doge in parliamentary affairs. Its member families have remained unchanged since the body's establishment in 1798. The Council of Thirteen, as the upper-house, is mandated to review all legislation from the Signoria and upon its passing, hand it onto the Doge for ducal assent. However, the Council of Thirteen maintains a veto over all legislation that violates the constitution, or "endangers the social fabric of the Republic", a term many critics have cited as the families' tool in maintaining their power over the country. The Council also maintains the Power of the purse, in that a government budget must receive approval from the Council of Thirteen in order to be implemented. Seats on the council are hereditary, passing nominally to the eldest child of the family's head.

The chamber of the lower-house Signoria.

The Council of Thirteen is also source of criticism in that the Dondorana family also hold a seat, while simultaneously holding the office of Doge, which has often allowed them to hold the tie-breaking vote. There also remains a debate as to what qualifies membership of the Council. In 2009, the Frigo family was reportedly the 22nd wealthiest family in Cavarzere, with the 13th being reported as House of Dalla Corona, leading to a debate on viability of incumbent members.

The lower-house is the Signoria (Serenìssima Signoria), the second-oldest institution in the government, having first emerged in 1137. However, from 1137 until 1867, the Signoria was comprised of the country's leading constitutional lawyers and tasked with overseeing the actions of the Doge, to ensure the incumbent did not violate the separation of powers. Following the Devotion to the Dondorana family, the Signoria was reformed into the lower-house of parliament, still technically charged with overseeing and holding to account, the Doge.

Today the Signoria consists of 70 members which are elected from single-member constituencies of roughly of 141,000 residents per constituency. The Signoria is charged with the passage of legislation, known as bills, which, after concurrence by the Council of Thirteen, are sent to the Doge for consideration. In addition to this basic power, the Signoria has certain exclusive powers, among them the power to initiate all bills related to revenue; the impeachment of national and local officers, who are sent to trial before the Council of Thirteen.

Administrative divisions

Cavarzere is subdivided into 13 communes (Comuni), the commune of Dusoduro, has a special autonomous status that enables it to enact legislation on some of their local matters. The country is further divided into 5 metropolitan cities (Çità Pensolon), and each Comun is divided into six Sestieri (equivalent to a province), which are in turn divided into six districts (Contrada).

Culture

Sport

Doge of the Most Serene and Auspicious Republic
Doxe de Serenìsima è Auspixio Repùblica
Incumbent
Leonardo Dondorana since 11 November 1985
Details
Style	His Serenity His Most Serene Majesty
Heir presumptive	Tranquilo Dondorana
First monarch	Dioclexiano Cavarseran
Formation	1067
Residence	Pałaso Dogal, Cavarzere
Website	www.doxe.gov.cv