Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania: Difference between revisions

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| colorcode    = #ED1651
| colorcode    = #ED1651
| abbreviation  = '''SRPO'''
| abbreviation  = '''SRPO'''
| leader1_title = Chairwomen
| leader1_name  = [[Luise Höcherl]]
| leader3_title = Parliamentary leader
| leader3_name  = Luise Höcherl
| leader4_title = General-Secretary
| leader4_name  = [[Jochen Rupprecht]]
| leader2_title = Deputy Chairperson
| leader2_name  = Konrad Schröder
| founder      = [[Ludolf Ostermann]]<br>[[Joschka Schreiber]]
| founder      = [[Ludolf Ostermann]]<br>[[Joschka Schreiber]]
| foundation    = 4 June 1977
| foundation    = 4 June 1976 (alliance)<br>16 July 1986 (unified party)
| predecessor  = [[Social Democratic Party of Werania|SPO]]<br>[[Radical Party (Werania)|RP]]
| dissolution  = 15 August 2021
| predecessor  = [[Social Democratic Party of Werania|Social Democratic Party]]<br>[[Radical Party (Werania)|Radicals]]<br>[[Catholic Labour Union (Werania)|Catholic Labour Union]]
| merged        = [[Euclean Werania]]
| headquarters  = [[Westbrucken]]
| headquarters  = [[Westbrucken]]
| youth_wing    = SRPO Youth
| youth_wing    = SRPO Youth
| student_wing  = Socialist Students of Werania
| student_wing  = Socialist Students of Werania
| membership    = 250,000 (2018)
| membership    = 250,000 (2018)
| ideology      = {{wp|Social democracy}}<br>{{wp|Social liberalism}}<br>{{wp|Pro-Europeanism|Pro-Eucleanism}}<br>{{wp|Democratic socialism}} <small>(minority)</small>
| ideology      = {{wp|Social democracy}}<br>{{wp|Social liberalism}}<br>{{wp|Pro-Europeanism|Pro-Eucleanism}}
| position      = {{wp|Centre-left}}
| position      = {{wp|Centre-left}}
| european      = Socialist Alternative for Euclea
| european      = Socialist Alternative for Euclea
Line 27: Line 21:
| colours      = {{colorbox|#ED1651|border=darkgray}} Pink
| colours      = {{colorbox|#ED1651|border=darkgray}} Pink
| anthem        =  
| anthem        =  
| seats1_title  = {{nowr|[[Volkstag]]}}
| seats1        = {{Composition bar|85|545|#ED1651}}
| seats2_title  = [[Herrstag]]
| seats2        = {{Composition bar|68|232|#ED1651}}
| seats3_title  = {{wp|Landeshauptmann|Governorships}}
| seats3        = {{Composition bar|5|12|#ED1651}}
| seats4_title  = {{wp|Landtage}}
| seats4        = {{Composition bar|247|1067|#ED1651}}
| seats5_title  = [[Euclean Parliament]]
| seats5        = {{Composition bar|26|122|#ED1651}}
| website      =  
| website      =  
| country      = Werania
| country      = Werania
}}
}}
The '''Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania''' ({{wp|German language|Weranic}}: '''Sozialdemokratische Radikale Partei von Ostischland''') commonly abbreviated to the '''SRPO''' is a {{wp|centre-left}} political party in [[Werania]]. Founded in 1977 as a merger of the [[Social Democratic Party of Werania]] (SPO) and the [[Radical Party (Werania)|Radical Party]] (RP) the SRPO is the country's main centre-left party supporting {{wp|social democracy}} and {{wp|social liberalism}}. Since 2019 it has been the main opposition party in Werania.
The '''Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania''' ({{wp|German language|Weranic}}: '''Sozialdemokratische Radikale Partei von Ostischland''') commonly abbreviated to the '''SRPO''' was a {{wp|centre-left}} political party in [[Werania]]. Founded in 1976 as an electoral alliance of the [[Social Democratic Party of Werania]] (SPO), the [[Radical Party (Werania)|Radical Party]] (RP) and the [[Catholic Labour Union (Werania)|Catholic Labour Union]] (KAB) the SRPO was the country's main centre-left party supporting {{wp|social democracy}} and {{wp|social liberalism}}. In 2021 it merged into the [[Euclean Werania]] party.


The SRPO was founded in 1977 with the intention to move the Weranic party system to that based around {{wp|two-party system|two parties}} with the SRPO designed to behave like a {{wp|big tent}} party of the left, similar to its right-wing counterpart the [[National Consolidation Party]]. The SRPO led the federal government from 1984-1999 first in a coalition with the socialist [[Weranic Section of the Workers' International]] (OSAI) and then with the centrist-liberal [[Modern Centre Party (Werania)|Modern Centre Party]] (PMZ). During this time the SRPO was led by three Chancellors - [[Ludolf Ostermann]] (1984-1992) [[Wolfgang Löscher]] (1992-1998) and [[Zigmas Šilingas]] (1998-1999). The 1979-1999 oversaw a period of intense economic and social reform but saw the SRPO ousted from power after a sustained period of ideological fissures and internal fighting.  
The founding parties of the SRPO originally competed as an electoral alliance, the '''Social Democratic Radical Bloc''' in the 1976 election with the intention to move the Weranian party system to that based around {{wp|two-party system|two parties}} with the SRBO designed to behave like a {{wp|big tent}} party of the left, similar to its right-wing counterpart the [[National Consolidation Party]]. The SRBO led the federal government from 1984-1999 first in a coalition with the socialist [[Weranic Section of the Workers' International]] (OSAI), then with the centrist-liberal [[Modern Centre Party (Werania)|Modern Centre Party]] (PMZ) and finally a "united left" bloc with the OSAI and the [[Greens - Ecological Action|Greens]]. The three parties merged into one in 1986 changing their name to the Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania. During this time the SRPO was led by two Chancellors - [[Ludolf Ostermann]] (1984-1993) and [[Wolfgang Löscher]] (1993-1999). The 1984-1999 government oversaw a period of intense economic and social reform but saw the SRPO ousted from power after a sustained period of ideological fissures and internal fighting.  


The SRPO remained in opposition until 2011 when the party returned to power under [[Ellis Koopmann]] who formed a coalition with the PMZ. Koopmann was ousted from office in 2014 due to poor polling results being replaced by [[Viktor Oberhauser]]. After the 2015 election which saw the government lose its majority Oberhauser subsequently continued the SRPO-PMZ coalition with parliamentary support from the OSAI and [[Sotirian Democratic Homeland]] (SDT). In 2019 the party under [[Josef Felder]] lost power re-entering opposition.
The SRPO remained in opposition until 2011 when the party returned to power under [[Emilia Koopmann]] who formed a coalition with the PMZ. Koopmann was ousted from office in 2014 due to poor polling results being replaced by [[Viktor Oberhauser]]. After the 2015 election which saw the government lose its majority Oberhauser subsequently continued the SRPO-PMZ coalition with parliamentary support from the OSAI and [[Sotirian Democratic Homeland]] (SDT). In 2019 the party under [[Josef Felder]] lost power re-entering opposition.


The SRPO identifies itself as a modern social-democratic party. It currently sits in the Socialist Alternative for Euclea group in the Euclean Parliament and leading in the provincial governments of Ruttland, Bonnlitz-Ostbrücken, Kolreuth, Westbrücken and Ostry whilst participating in the Elbenweis government.  
The SRPO identifed itself as a modern social-democratic party. It sat in the Socialist Alternative for Euclea group in the Euclean Parliament.  
==History==
==History==
===Origins===
===Origins===
The SRPO came from the unification of two parties, the [[Social Democratic Party of Werania]] (SPO) and the [[Radical Party (Werania)|Radical Party]]. The Radical party was one of the oldest in Werania, itself coming from a unification of liberal and republican deputies in 1898, who supported a platform of {{Wp|free trade}}, {{wp|secularism}} and {{wp|representative democracy}} based on {{wp|universal suffrage}}  
The SRPO came from the unification of three parties, the [[Social Democratic Party of Werania]] (SPO), the [[Radical Party (Werania)|Radical Party]] and the [[Catholic Labour Union (Werania)|Catholic Labour Union]] (KAB). The Radical party was one of the oldest in Werania, itself coming from a unification of liberal and republican deputies in 1898, who supported a platform of {{Wp|free trade}}, {{wp|secularism}} and {{wp|representative democracy}} based on {{wp|universal suffrage}}. The Radical Party would govern Werania for three periods - from 1903 to 1909 and 1911 to 1914 under [[Lothar von Kuehnelt]] and from 1920 to 1922 under [[Casper de Montigny]]. The radical government implemented progressive reforms such as the introduction of a 48-hour workweek and universal male suffrage and a {{Wp|proportional representation|proportional}} voting system. These governments were first supported tentatively by socialists but von Kuehnelt's enforcement of {{wp|union busting}} laws led to an estrangement with socialist deputies. The socialists did support von Kuehnelt's second government particularly it's drive to implement more wide reaching secular laws. However the [[Great Collapse]] led to von Kuehnelt adhering to classical economics to implement a harsh {{wp|austerity}} budget that resulted in the socialists to withdraw all parliamentary support leading to a snap election which saw the radicals decimated with a conservative coalition taking power.
 
The assumption of power of the conservative coalition led to a crisis in the Weranian left. The [[Weranic Section of the Workers' International]] (OSAI) was split between a moderate faction that advocated a duel strategy of workers' agitation and parliamentary socialism and a radical faction that advocated for violent revolutionary action. The party's strongman Albrecht Küchenthal eventually adopted the duel strategy leading to a split from the revolutionary faction led by [[Siegfried Höcker]] who created the [[Weranic Syndicalist Union]] (OSU) which through its armed wing the Revolutionäre Kampfgruppen engaged in violent paramilitary activity. The OSAI's duel strategy meant they both created their own paramilitary section, the Volksschutzfront to combat the influence of the Revolutionäre Kampfgruppen and right-wing Soldaten des Reichsbanners, as well as engaging with the centre left in order to create a united front against the conservative parties. The Radical Party in turn went to the left as von Kuehnelt retired and was replaced by [[Casper de Montigny]] who came from the left of the party that was closer to {{wp|social democracy|social democratic}} policies.
 
This culminated in 1918 with the Radicals and Socialists forming the [[Popular Front (Werania)|Popular Front]] (''Volksfront'') which agreed to strive for the creation of a parliamentary republic whilst spearheading a social revolution in the country. The development of the front was understood to be a compromise for both parties - for the socialists it entailed a recognition of the parliamentary system whilst for the radicals it meant more heavily embracing the notion of a social rather then liberal republic. The Popular Front won a convincing majority in the 1918 election with Küchenthal becoming premier becoming the first Weranian government to be led by socialists. The new government implemented a raft of progressive legislation such as the introduction of a {{wp|Strike action|right to strike}}, {{wp|collective bargaining}}, a 40-hour work week, nationalisation of industry, price controls on agricultural goods, expansion of unemployment benefits, a major public works programme and measures against price raises. However Küchenthal was killed by right-wing paramilitaries barely 4 months in office with his replacement, Gustav Kroetz, being less trusted by the left-wing of the OSAI. Kroetz soon became overwhelmed by continuing economic instability and political polarisation opting to slow down the reform programme creating greater trains within the coalition.
 
The April Revolution split the OSAI with Aurimas Kreickamas, the leader of the left-wing, calling for a similar revolution in Werania and the end to Kroetz' incrementalism. Kroetz's right-wing reformist faction was only a minority of the party leading to him and his supporters to split from the OSAI creating the [[Social Democratic Party of Werania]] (SPO) in 1919, ending the Popular Front. The OSAI-SPO split also saw the OSAI's trade union, the Weranian Federation of Workers' (OAV) split with a moderate faction forming the Weranian Federation of Workers'- Workers' Democracy (OAV-AD) which supported the SPO. The radicals de Montigny subsequently formed a centrist coalition with the SPO that had outside support from the centre-right [[National Liberal Party (Werania)|National Liberal Party]]. The government was unstable collapsing in 1922 when it was replaced by a conservative coalition.
 
The SPO and Radicals supported many of the {{wp|big tent}} coalitions that ruled Werania in the leadup to the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]] and during the war itself both supported the {{Wp|Sacred Union|landsmann union}} with Kroetz briefly serving as premier from 1930 to 1932. The post Great War period however saw the parties diverge, with the radicals going into opposition whilst the SPO supported the [[Catholic Social Party (Werania)|Catholic]] premier [[Otto Röttgen]]. The ascendency of the National Bloc governments from 1940 to 1950 saw the radicals and SPO squeezed as the main centre-left parties. Notably in this period with the expansion of voting rights to women the SPO became the larger of the two parties often competing for third place with the [[Weranian Conservative Party]] (OKP) whilst the radicals became a minor party. Following the [[Kirenian-Weranian War]] the SPO became part of the [[Tripartite Majority]] alongside the KSP and OSAI with the three parties committed to entrenching parliamentary democracy, pro-Eucleanism and an expansion of the {{wp|welfare state}}. The SPO was not needed for the Tripartite governments to hold a majority but because of mutual distrust between the socialists and Catholics it was seen as a vital mediating force leading to its leader [[Viktor Beer-Hofmann]] leading the coalitions throughout its existence. In 1955 however the KSP left the Tripartite majority and reformed a conservative coalition although this move was opposed by the left-wing of the KSP which formed the Catholic Labour Union (KAB) a {{Wp|Christian Left|left-wing}} {{wp|Christian democracy|Sotirian}} party. The conservative coalition would in 1957 merge to form the [[National Consolidation Party]] (NKP) which unified all the conservative parties save the [[Sotirian Democratic Homeland]] (SDT).
 
The next twenty five years would be dominated by the NKP who would win successive majority or minority governments whilst the OSAI would maintain its status as the second largest party and as such largest party of the left. The SPO, Radicals and KAB would constitute the third bloc in the Bundestag representing the centre-left with no party within this bloc ever attaining dominance over the others. The three parties would often collaborate on a one-to-one basis with the NKP in passing legislation on a variety of issues making them in semi-opposition compared to the OSAI who had no such cooperation with the government. Because of this on and off collaboration these parties never were able to form a union of the left with some politicians - most prominently former premier Beer-Hofmann who dominated the SPO until his death in 1965 - being seen as closer to the NKP then other left-wing parties. The dominance of the OSAI in any serious leftist union also made such a prospect unappealing to the three smaller parties who differed amongst themselves on many policy issues.
 
===Formation and early growth===
The death of Beer-Hofmann in 1965 opened the way for a generational change within the SPO with the old guard mostly retiring in the 1960's. The new politicians that emerged such as [[Frank Schellscheidt]] and [[Ludolf Ostermann]] had entered politics after the Kirenian-Weranian war and were less obsessed over the old disputes that had divided the Weranian left. The idea of a union of the left began to as a result gain traction within some circles although an alliance with the OSAI was still considered to be unlikely and unpopular amongst the parties.
===First government===
===Opposition===
===Second government===
===Decline===
 
==Ideology==
==Ideology==
==Organisation==
==Organisation==
===Composition (1976-1986)===
{| class=wikitable
! colspan=2| Name
! Logo
! Ideology
! Position
! Member from
|-
|bgcolor= #DE3163|
|[[Social Democratic Party of Werania]]
| [[File:SPO logo.png|50px]]
|{{wp|Social democracy}}<br>{{wp|Social corporatism}}<br>{{wp|Trade unionism}}
|{{wp|Centre-left}}
|1976-1986
|-
|bgcolor= #a672a6|
|[[Radical Party (Werania)|Radical Party]]
| [[File:Radical Party logo.png|50px]]
|{{wp|Radicalism (historical)|Radicalism}}<br>{{wp|Social liberalism}}<br>{{wp|Anti-clericalism}}
|{{wp|Centrism|Centre}} to {{wp|centre-left}}
|1976-1986
|-
|bgcolor= #B10A11|
|[[Socialist Alternative Party]]
| [[File:Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands-01.svg|50px]]
|{{wp|Democratic socialism}}<br>{{wp|Social democracy}}<br>{{wp|Left-wing populism}}
|{{wp|Left-wing}}
|1976-1986
|-
|bgcolor= #33D6AD|
|[[Catholic Labour Union (Werania)|Catholic Labour Union]]
| [[File:KAB logo (Werania).png|50px]]
|{{wp|Christian democracy|Sotirian democracy}}<br>{{wp|Christian Left|Sotirian Left}}<br>{{wp|Social democracy}}
|{{wp|Centrism|Centre}} to {{wp|centre-left}}
|1979-1986
|-
|bgcolor= #1BB100|
|[[Centre Party (Werania)|Centre Party]]
| [[File:RSZML clover, 1925 version.svg|50px]]
| {{wp|Agrarianism}}<br>{{wp|Populism}}<br>{{wp|Liberalism}}
|{{wp|Centrism|Centre}}
|1979-1986
|}
===Leaders===
===Leaders===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
Line 62: Line 108:
|-
|-
! style="background:#ED1651; color:white;"| 1
! style="background:#ED1651; color:white;"| 1
| [[Frank Schellscheidt]]<br /><small>(1928-2009)</small> || [[File:Leopold Gratz (1971).jpg|60px]] || 18 March 1977 || 4 June 1982 || Former leader of the SPO.
| [[Frank Schellscheidt]]<br /><small>(1928-2009)</small> || [[File:Leopold Gratz (1971).jpg|60px]] || 18 March 1976 || 4 June 1982 || Former leader of the SPO.
|-
|-
! style="background:#ED1651; color:white;"| 2
! style="background:#ED1651; color:white;"| 2
| [[Ludolf Ostermann]]<br /><small>(1927-)</small> || [[File:Ostermann colour.png|60px]] || 4 June 1982 || 16 1992 || Served as Chancellor from 1984-1992.
| [[Ludolf Ostermann]]<br /><small>(1927-)</small> || [[File:Ostermann colour.png|60px]] || 4 June 1982 || 16 May 1993 || Served as premier from 1984-1992. Merged into a single party in 1986.
|-
|-
! style="background:#ED1651; color:white;"| 3
! style="background:#ED1651; color:white;"| 3
| [[Wolfgang Löscher]]<br /><small>(1942-)</small> || [[File:2015-12 Gerhard Schröder SPD Bundesparteitag by Olaf Kosinsky-12.jpg|60px]] || 16 May 1992 || 4 October 1998 || Served as Chancellor from 1992-1998.
| [[Wolfgang Löscher]]<br /><small>(1942-)</small> || [[File:2015-12 Gerhard Schröder SPD Bundesparteitag by Olaf Kosinsky-12.jpg|60px]] || 16 May 1993 || 7 June 1999 || Served as premier from 1993-1999.
|-
! style="background:#ED1651; color:white;"| 4
| [[Zigmas Šilingas]]<br /><small>(1928-2012)</small> || [[File:Algirdas Mykkolas Brazauskas, Litauens statsminster, under det Nordiskt-Baltiska statsministermotet i Reykjavik 2005-10-24.jpg|60px]] || 4 October 1998 || 7 June 1999 || Served as Chancellor from 1998-1999.
|-
|-
! style="background:#ED1651; color:white;"| -
! style="background:#ED1651; color:white;"| -
| ''[[Dietmar Preußen]]<br /><small>(1946-)</small>'' || [[File:Wolfgang Clement.jpg|60px]] || 7 June 1999 || 22 November 1999 || ''Interim leader.''
| ''[[Dietmar Preußen]]<br /><small>(1946-)</small>'' || [[File:Wolfgang Clement.jpg|60px]] || 7 June 1999 || 22 November 1999 || ''Interim leader.''
|-
! style="background:#ED1651; color:white;"| 4
| [[Lothar Holzmeister]]<br /><small>(1944-)</small> || [[File:Oskar Lafontaine (DIE LINKE) in Hamm (10571425525).jpg|60px]] || 22 November 1999 || 22 November 2007 ||
|-
|-
! style="background:#ED1651; color:white;"| 5
! style="background:#ED1651; color:white;"| 5
| [[Lothar Holzmeister]]<br /><small>(1944-)</small> || [[File:Oskar Lafontaine (DIE LINKE) in Hamm (10571425525).jpg|60px]] || 22 November 1999 || 22 November 2007 ||  
| [[Ellis Koopmann]]<br /><small>(1965-)</small> || [[File:Mari Kiviniemi A4.jpeg|60px]] || 22 November 2007 || 14 September 2013 || Served as premier from 2011-2013.
|-
|-
! style="background:#ED1651; color:white;"| 6
! style="background:#ED1651; color:white;"| 6
| [[Ellis Koopmann]]<br /><small>(1965-)</small> || [[File:Mari Kiviniemi A4.jpeg|60px]] || 22 November 2007 || 14 September 2013 || Served as Chancellor from 2011-2013.
| [[Viktor Oberhauser]]<br /><small>(1962-)</small> || [[File:Werner Faymann Wien08-2008a.jpg|60px]] || 14 September 2013 || 17 Febuary 2018 || Served as premier from 2013-2018.
|-
|-
! style="background:#ED1651; color:white;"| 7
! style="background:#ED1651; color:white;"| 7
| [[Viktor Oberhauser]]<br /><small>(1962-)</small> || [[File:Werner Faymann Wien08-2008a.jpg|60px]] || 14 September 2013 || 17 October 2017 || Served as Chancellor from 2013-2017.
| [[Josef Felder]]<br /><small>(1962-)</small> || [[File:2017-07-21 Martin Schulz 0789.JPG|60px]] || 17 Febuary 2018 || 1 June 2019 || Served as Chancellor from 2018-2019.
|-
! style="background:#ED1651; color:white;"| 8
| [[Josef Felder]]<br /><small>(1962-)</small> || [[File:2017-07-21 Martin Schulz 0789.JPG|60px]] || 17 October 2017 || 1 June 2019 || Served as Chancellor from 2017-2019.
|-
|-
! style="background:#ED1651; color:white;"| -
! style="background:#ED1651; color:white;"| -
| ''[[Konrad Schröder]]<br /><small>(1954-)</small>'' || [[File:Udo Bullmann.JPG|60px]] || 19 June 2019 || 27 January 2019 || ''Interim leader.''
| ''[[Konrad Schröder]]<br /><small>(1954-)</small>'' || [[File:Udo Bullmann.JPG|60px]] || 19 June 2019 || 27 January 2019 || ''Interim leader.''
|-
|-
! style="background:#ED1651; color:white;"| 9
! style="background:#ED1651; color:white;"| 8
| [[Luise Höcherl]]<br /><small>(1971-)</small>'' || [[File:2019 Pamela Rendi-Wagner (32995117698) (cropped).jpg|60px]] || 27 January 2019 || Incumbent ||  
| [[Luise Höcherl]]<br /><small>(1971-)</small>'' || [[File:2019 Pamela Rendi-Wagner (32995117698) (cropped).jpg|60px]] || 27 January 2019 || 15 Augst 2021 ||  
|}
|}


==Electoral results==
==Electoral results==
===Volkstag===
===House of Deputies===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; line-height:16px;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; line-height:16px;"
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" style="width:60px;"| Election
! rowspan="2" style="width:60px;"| Election
! colspan="5"| [[Volkstag]]
! colspan="5"| [[House of Deputies (Werania)|House of Deputies]]
! rowspan="2" style="width:30px;"| Rank
! rowspan="2" style="width:30px;"| Rank
! rowspan="2" style="width:145px;"| Government
! rowspan="2" style="width:145px;"| Government
Line 129: Line 172:
| #2
| #2
| style="background:#cfc;"| Coalition government
| style="background:#cfc;"| Coalition government
| [[Ludolf Ostermann]]
|rowspan=3| [[Ludolf Ostermann]]
|-
|-
! align="center"|[[1988 Weranian federal election|1988]]
! align="center"|[[1988 Weranian federal election|1988]]
Line 139: Line 182:
| '''#1'''
| '''#1'''
| style="background:#cfc;"| Coalition government
| style="background:#cfc;"| Coalition government
| [[Ludolf Ostermann]]
|-
|-
! align="center"|[[1992 Weranian federal election|1992]]
! align="center"|[[1992 Weranian federal election|1992]]
Line 149: Line 191:
| '''#1'''
| '''#1'''
| style="background:#cfc;"| Coalition government
| style="background:#cfc;"| Coalition government
| [[Wolfgang Löscher]]
|-
|-
! align="center"|[[1996 Weranian federal election|1996]]
! align="center"|[[1996 Weranian federal election|1996]]
Line 159: Line 200:
| #2<sup>3</sup>
| #2<sup>3</sup>
| style="background:#cfc;"| Coalition government
| style="background:#cfc;"| Coalition government
| [[Wolfgang Löscher]]
|rowspan=2| [[Wolfgang Löscher]]
|-
|-
! align="center"|[[1999 Weranian federal election|1999]]
! align="center"|[[1999 Weranian federal election|1999]]
Line 169: Line 210:
| #2
| #2
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition
| [[Zigmas Šilingas]]
|-
|-
! align="center"|[[2003 Weranian federal election|2003]]
! align="center"|[[2003 Weranian federal election|2003]]
Line 179: Line 219:
| #2
| #2
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition
| [[Lothar Holzmeister]]
|rowspan=2| [[Lothar Holzmeister]]
|-
|-
! align="center"|[[2007 Weranian federal election|2007]]
! align="center"|[[2007 Weranian federal election|2007]]
Line 189: Line 229:
| #2
| #2
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition
| style="background:#fcc;"| Opposition
| [[Lothar Holzmeister]]
|-
|-
! align="center"|[[2011 Weranian federal election|2011]]
! align="center"|[[2011 Weranian federal election|2011]]
Line 195: Line 234:
| 30.19%
| 30.19%
| +3.79%
| +3.79%
| {{Composition bar|190|545|hex=#ED1651}}
| {{Composition bar|237|545|hex=#ED1651}}
| {{increase}} 80
| {{increase}} 127
| '''#1'''
| '''#1'''
| style="background:#cfc;"| Coalition government
| style="background:#cfc;"| Coalition government
Line 205: Line 244:
| 27.12%
| 27.12%
| -3.07
| -3.07
| {{Composition bar|157|545|hex=#ED1651}}
| {{Composition bar|220|545|hex=#ED1651}}
| {{decrease}} 33
| {{decrease}} 17
| '''#1'''
| '''#1'''
| style="background:#cfc;"| Coalition government
| style="background:#cfc;"| Coalition government
Line 224: Line 263:
<br><sup>3</sup>Attained less votes then the [[National Consolidation Party|NKP]] but the same amount of seats.
<br><sup>3</sup>Attained less votes then the [[National Consolidation Party|NKP]] but the same amount of seats.


===Herrstag===
===House of Councillors===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; line-height:16px;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; line-height:16px;"
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" style="width:60px;"| Election
! rowspan="2" style="width:60px;"| Election
! colspan="6"| [[Herrstag]]
! colspan="6"| [[House of Councillors (Werania)|House of Councillors]]
! rowspan="2" style="width:30px;"| Rank
! rowspan="2" style="width:30px;"| Rank
! rowspan="2" style="width:145px;"| Status
! rowspan="2" style="width:145px;"| Status
Line 260: Line 299:
| #2
| #2
| style="background:#cfc;"| Minority
| style="background:#cfc;"| Minority
| [[Wolfgang Löscher]]
|rowspan=2| [[Wolfgang Löscher]]
|-
|-
! align="center"|[[1997 Weranian Herrstag election|1997]]
! align="center"|[[1997 Weranian Herrstag election|1997]]
Line 271: Line 310:
| #2
| #2
| style="background:#fcc;"| Minority
| style="background:#fcc;"| Minority
| [[Wolfgang Löscher]]
|-
|-
! align="center"|[[2001 Weranian Herrstag election|2001]]
! align="center"|[[2001 Weranian Herrstag election|2001]]
Line 282: Line 320:
| #2
| #2
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! align="center"|[[2017 Weranian Herrstag election|2017]]

Latest revision as of 02:06, 30 November 2023

Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania

Sozialdemokratische Radikale Partei von Ostischland
AbbreviationSRPO
FounderLudolf Ostermann
Joschka Schreiber
Founded4 June 1976 (alliance)
16 July 1986 (unified party)
Dissolved15 August 2021
Preceded bySocial Democratic Party
Radicals
Catholic Labour Union
Merged intoEuclean Werania
HeadquartersWestbrucken
Student wingSocialist Students of Werania
Youth wingSRPO Youth
Membership250,000 (2018)
IdeologySocial democracy
Social liberalism
Pro-Eucleanism
Political positionCentre-left
European affiliationSocialist Alternative for Euclea
Colours  Pink

The Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania (Weranic: Sozialdemokratische Radikale Partei von Ostischland) commonly abbreviated to the SRPO was a centre-left political party in Werania. Founded in 1976 as an electoral alliance of the Social Democratic Party of Werania (SPO), the Radical Party (RP) and the Catholic Labour Union (KAB) the SRPO was the country's main centre-left party supporting social democracy and social liberalism. In 2021 it merged into the Euclean Werania party.

The founding parties of the SRPO originally competed as an electoral alliance, the Social Democratic Radical Bloc in the 1976 election with the intention to move the Weranian party system to that based around two parties with the SRBO designed to behave like a big tent party of the left, similar to its right-wing counterpart the National Consolidation Party. The SRBO led the federal government from 1984-1999 first in a coalition with the socialist Weranic Section of the Workers' International (OSAI), then with the centrist-liberal Modern Centre Party (PMZ) and finally a "united left" bloc with the OSAI and the Greens. The three parties merged into one in 1986 changing their name to the Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania. During this time the SRPO was led by two Chancellors - Ludolf Ostermann (1984-1993) and Wolfgang Löscher (1993-1999). The 1984-1999 government oversaw a period of intense economic and social reform but saw the SRPO ousted from power after a sustained period of ideological fissures and internal fighting.

The SRPO remained in opposition until 2011 when the party returned to power under Emilia Koopmann who formed a coalition with the PMZ. Koopmann was ousted from office in 2014 due to poor polling results being replaced by Viktor Oberhauser. After the 2015 election which saw the government lose its majority Oberhauser subsequently continued the SRPO-PMZ coalition with parliamentary support from the OSAI and Sotirian Democratic Homeland (SDT). In 2019 the party under Josef Felder lost power re-entering opposition.

The SRPO identifed itself as a modern social-democratic party. It sat in the Socialist Alternative for Euclea group in the Euclean Parliament.

History

Origins

The SRPO came from the unification of three parties, the Social Democratic Party of Werania (SPO), the Radical Party and the Catholic Labour Union (KAB). The Radical party was one of the oldest in Werania, itself coming from a unification of liberal and republican deputies in 1898, who supported a platform of free trade, secularism and representative democracy based on universal suffrage. The Radical Party would govern Werania for three periods - from 1903 to 1909 and 1911 to 1914 under Lothar von Kuehnelt and from 1920 to 1922 under Casper de Montigny. The radical government implemented progressive reforms such as the introduction of a 48-hour workweek and universal male suffrage and a proportional voting system. These governments were first supported tentatively by socialists but von Kuehnelt's enforcement of union busting laws led to an estrangement with socialist deputies. The socialists did support von Kuehnelt's second government particularly it's drive to implement more wide reaching secular laws. However the Great Collapse led to von Kuehnelt adhering to classical economics to implement a harsh austerity budget that resulted in the socialists to withdraw all parliamentary support leading to a snap election which saw the radicals decimated with a conservative coalition taking power.

The assumption of power of the conservative coalition led to a crisis in the Weranian left. The Weranic Section of the Workers' International (OSAI) was split between a moderate faction that advocated a duel strategy of workers' agitation and parliamentary socialism and a radical faction that advocated for violent revolutionary action. The party's strongman Albrecht Küchenthal eventually adopted the duel strategy leading to a split from the revolutionary faction led by Siegfried Höcker who created the Weranic Syndicalist Union (OSU) which through its armed wing the Revolutionäre Kampfgruppen engaged in violent paramilitary activity. The OSAI's duel strategy meant they both created their own paramilitary section, the Volksschutzfront to combat the influence of the Revolutionäre Kampfgruppen and right-wing Soldaten des Reichsbanners, as well as engaging with the centre left in order to create a united front against the conservative parties. The Radical Party in turn went to the left as von Kuehnelt retired and was replaced by Casper de Montigny who came from the left of the party that was closer to social democratic policies.

This culminated in 1918 with the Radicals and Socialists forming the Popular Front (Volksfront) which agreed to strive for the creation of a parliamentary republic whilst spearheading a social revolution in the country. The development of the front was understood to be a compromise for both parties - for the socialists it entailed a recognition of the parliamentary system whilst for the radicals it meant more heavily embracing the notion of a social rather then liberal republic. The Popular Front won a convincing majority in the 1918 election with Küchenthal becoming premier becoming the first Weranian government to be led by socialists. The new government implemented a raft of progressive legislation such as the introduction of a right to strike, collective bargaining, a 40-hour work week, nationalisation of industry, price controls on agricultural goods, expansion of unemployment benefits, a major public works programme and measures against price raises. However Küchenthal was killed by right-wing paramilitaries barely 4 months in office with his replacement, Gustav Kroetz, being less trusted by the left-wing of the OSAI. Kroetz soon became overwhelmed by continuing economic instability and political polarisation opting to slow down the reform programme creating greater trains within the coalition.

The April Revolution split the OSAI with Aurimas Kreickamas, the leader of the left-wing, calling for a similar revolution in Werania and the end to Kroetz' incrementalism. Kroetz's right-wing reformist faction was only a minority of the party leading to him and his supporters to split from the OSAI creating the Social Democratic Party of Werania (SPO) in 1919, ending the Popular Front. The OSAI-SPO split also saw the OSAI's trade union, the Weranian Federation of Workers' (OAV) split with a moderate faction forming the Weranian Federation of Workers'- Workers' Democracy (OAV-AD) which supported the SPO. The radicals de Montigny subsequently formed a centrist coalition with the SPO that had outside support from the centre-right National Liberal Party. The government was unstable collapsing in 1922 when it was replaced by a conservative coalition.

The SPO and Radicals supported many of the big tent coalitions that ruled Werania in the leadup to the Great War and during the war itself both supported the landsmann union with Kroetz briefly serving as premier from 1930 to 1932. The post Great War period however saw the parties diverge, with the radicals going into opposition whilst the SPO supported the Catholic premier Otto Röttgen. The ascendency of the National Bloc governments from 1940 to 1950 saw the radicals and SPO squeezed as the main centre-left parties. Notably in this period with the expansion of voting rights to women the SPO became the larger of the two parties often competing for third place with the Weranian Conservative Party (OKP) whilst the radicals became a minor party. Following the Kirenian-Weranian War the SPO became part of the Tripartite Majority alongside the KSP and OSAI with the three parties committed to entrenching parliamentary democracy, pro-Eucleanism and an expansion of the welfare state. The SPO was not needed for the Tripartite governments to hold a majority but because of mutual distrust between the socialists and Catholics it was seen as a vital mediating force leading to its leader Viktor Beer-Hofmann leading the coalitions throughout its existence. In 1955 however the KSP left the Tripartite majority and reformed a conservative coalition although this move was opposed by the left-wing of the KSP which formed the Catholic Labour Union (KAB) a left-wing Sotirian party. The conservative coalition would in 1957 merge to form the National Consolidation Party (NKP) which unified all the conservative parties save the Sotirian Democratic Homeland (SDT).

The next twenty five years would be dominated by the NKP who would win successive majority or minority governments whilst the OSAI would maintain its status as the second largest party and as such largest party of the left. The SPO, Radicals and KAB would constitute the third bloc in the Bundestag representing the centre-left with no party within this bloc ever attaining dominance over the others. The three parties would often collaborate on a one-to-one basis with the NKP in passing legislation on a variety of issues making them in semi-opposition compared to the OSAI who had no such cooperation with the government. Because of this on and off collaboration these parties never were able to form a union of the left with some politicians - most prominently former premier Beer-Hofmann who dominated the SPO until his death in 1965 - being seen as closer to the NKP then other left-wing parties. The dominance of the OSAI in any serious leftist union also made such a prospect unappealing to the three smaller parties who differed amongst themselves on many policy issues.

Formation and early growth

The death of Beer-Hofmann in 1965 opened the way for a generational change within the SPO with the old guard mostly retiring in the 1960's. The new politicians that emerged such as Frank Schellscheidt and Ludolf Ostermann had entered politics after the Kirenian-Weranian war and were less obsessed over the old disputes that had divided the Weranian left. The idea of a union of the left began to as a result gain traction within some circles although an alliance with the OSAI was still considered to be unlikely and unpopular amongst the parties.

First government

Opposition

Second government

Decline

Ideology

Organisation

Composition (1976-1986)

Name Logo Ideology Position Member from
Social Democratic Party of Werania SPO logo.png Social democracy
Social corporatism
Trade unionism 		Centre-left 1976-1986
Radical Party Radical Party logo.png Radicalism
Social liberalism
Anti-clericalism 		Centre to centre-left 1976-1986
Socialist Alternative Party Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands-01.svg Democratic socialism
Social democracy
Left-wing populism 		Left-wing 1976-1986
Catholic Labour Union KAB logo (Werania).png Sotirian democracy
Sotirian Left
Social democracy 		Centre to centre-left 1979-1986
Centre Party RSZML clover, 1925 version.svg Agrarianism
Populism
Liberalism 		Centre 1979-1986

Leaders

No. Name
(Born–Died) 		Portrait Term in Office Notes
1 Frank Schellscheidt
(1928-2009)		 Leopold Gratz (1971).jpg 18 March 1976 4 June 1982 Former leader of the SPO.
2 Ludolf Ostermann
(1927-)		 Ostermann colour.png 4 June 1982 16 May 1993 Served as premier from 1984-1992. Merged into a single party in 1986.
3 Wolfgang Löscher
(1942-)		 2015-12 Gerhard Schröder SPD Bundesparteitag by Olaf Kosinsky-12.jpg 16 May 1993 7 June 1999 Served as premier from 1993-1999.
- Dietmar Preußen
(1946-)		 Wolfgang Clement.jpg 7 June 1999 22 November 1999 Interim leader.
4 Lothar Holzmeister
(1944-)		 Oskar Lafontaine (DIE LINKE) in Hamm (10571425525).jpg 22 November 1999 22 November 2007
5 Ellis Koopmann
(1965-)		 Mari Kiviniemi A4.jpeg 22 November 2007 14 September 2013 Served as premier from 2011-2013.
6 Viktor Oberhauser
(1962-)		 Werner Faymann Wien08-2008a.jpg 14 September 2013 17 Febuary 2018 Served as premier from 2013-2018.
7 Josef Felder
(1962-)		 2017-07-21 Martin Schulz 0789.JPG 17 Febuary 2018 1 June 2019 Served as Chancellor from 2018-2019.
- Konrad Schröder
(1954-)		 Udo Bullmann.JPG 19 June 2019 27 January 2019 Interim leader.
8 Luise Höcherl
(1971-)		 2019 Pamela Rendi-Wagner (32995117698) (cropped).jpg 27 January 2019 15 Augst 2021

Electoral results

House of Deputies

Election House of Deputies Rank Government Leader
Votes % ±pp Seats won +/−
1980 5,406,826 22.19% New
114 / 579
 Increase 151 #2 Opposition Frank Schellscheidt
1984 7,087,256 28.70% +6.51%
157 / 579
 Increase 43 #2 Coalition government Ludolf Ostermann
1988 7,895,832 32.81% +4.11%
224 / 598
 Decrease 12 #1 Coalition government
1992 8,585,721 33.57% +0.76%
217 / 598
 Decrease 7 #1 Coalition government
1996 8,938,695 31.71% -1.86%
187 / 545
 Decrease 30 #23 Coalition government Wolfgang Löscher
1999 6,877,382 23.87% -7.84%
104 / 545
 Decrease 83 #2 Opposition
2003 7,657,312 24.86% +0.99%
119 / 545
 Increase 15 #2 Opposition Lothar Holzmeister
2007 9,787,191 26.40% +2.01%
110 / 545
 Decrease 9 #2 Opposition
2011 11,463,728 30.19% +3.79%
237 / 545
 Increase 127 #1 Coalition government Ellis Koopmann
2015 9,175,847 27.12% -3.07
220 / 545
 Decrease 17 #1 Coalition government Viktor Oberhauser
2019 6,154,682 17.00% -10.82%
85 / 545
 Decrease 72 #2 Opposition Josef Felder

1Compared to the 1975 seats for the RP and the SPO discounting the 19 seats from those who did not join the party.
2In 1982 the OSAI suffered a split after a vote of no confidence with 68 OSAI Volkstag members defecting to the SRPO bringing their total number to 225 members, meaning they net lost seats in 1983 compared to the start of the election.
3Attained less votes then the NKP but the same amount of seats.

House of Councillors

Election House of Councillors Rank Status Leader
Votes % ±pp Contested seats Total seats +/−
1989 TBA TBA% New
85 / 232
85 / 232
 Increase 85 #2 Minority Ludolf Ostermann
1993 TBA TBA% TBA
32 / 116
72 / 232
 Decrease 13 #2 Minority Wolfgang Löscher
1997 TBA TBA% TBA
29 / 116
61 / 232
 Decrease 11 #2 Minority
2001 TBA TBA% TBA
41 / 116
73 / 232
 Increase 12 #2 Minority Lothar Holzmeister
2005 TBA TBA% TBA
45 / 116
85 / 232
 Increase 12 #1 Majority
2009 TBA TBA% TBA
54 / 116
99 / 232
 Increase 14 #1 Majority Ellis Koopmann
2013 TBA TBA% TBA
40 / 116
94 / 232
 Decrease 5 #1 Minority
2017 TBA TBA% TBA
28 / 116
68 / 232
 Decrease 26 #2 Minority Viktor Oberhauser
2021 3,258,201 13.45% TBA
23 / 116
59 / 232
 Decrease 21 #2 Minority Luise Höcherl
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