|
|
| (3 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| {{Infobox military conflict | | {{Infobox civil conflict |
| | conflict = Satavian Crisis | | | title =1973 Satavian riots |
| | width = | | | subtitle = |
| | partof = | | | partof = |
| | image = {{multiple image | | | image = {{multiple image |
| | border = infobox | | | border = infobox |
| | total_width = 290 | | | total_width = 290 |
| | image_style = border:1; | | | image_style = border:1; |
| | perrow = 1/2/1 | | | perrow = 1/2/1 |
| | image1 = Panama clashes 1989.JPEG | | | image1 =RiotsInaugurationBeatrix1980NL.jpg |
| | image2 = BritishInvasionAnguilla.jpg | | | image2 = RiotsInaugurationNLapril1980.jpg |
| | image3 = Aid from the Padre.jpg | | | image3 =Troonswisseling 30 april , rellen tijdens Troonswisselin stenengooier op het Rok, Bestanddeelnr 930-8083.jpg |
| | image4 = Golpe de Estado 1973.jpg | | | image4 =Mobiele Eenheid , tanks en pantservoertuigen ruimen barricades rond kraakpand in, Bestanddeelnr 253-8155.jpg |
| }} | | }} |
| | image_size = 200
| | | caption= Clockwise from top:<br>Police clash with protesters in [[Burnaby]] • Protester throws a {{wpl|projectile}} at {{wpl|riot police}} • Tank clears a blockade in [[Port Hope]] • Truck burns on Baker Street, [[Victoriaburg]] |
| | alt =
| | | date = 3 April - 19 August 1973 |
| | caption = Clockwise from top:<br>[[Battle of Krugersdorp]] • ''Aid from the Father'' • Bombing of [[Henschhoek|Henschhoek City Police Headquarters]] • Satavian paratroopers in the [[Patrick Islands]] after [[Operation Thunderbolt]] | | | place = Mainly [[Port Hope]], [[Port Arthur]], [[Victoriaburg]], [[Burnaby]] and other major cities<br><small>Some spillover to other parts of [[Satavia]]</small> |
| | date = 1976-1983 | | | coordinates = |
| | place = [[Satavia]] | | | causes= *Death of two fourteen-year olds in military custody |
| | coordinates = | | *[[National Party (Satavia)|National Dictatorship]] suppression of civil rights |
| | map_type = | | *Reaction to passage of civil rights reforms and desire for greater reform |
| | map_relief =
| | *Discontent with government of [[Hendrik Botha]] |
| | map_size =
| | | goals = |
| | map_marksize =
| | | methods = {{wpl|Rioting}}, {{wpl|protest}}, {{wpl|looting}}, {{wpl|arson}}, {{wpl|robbery}}, {{wpl|assault}}, {{wpl|murder}} |
| | map_caption =
| | | status = |
| | map_label =
| | | result = State of emergency declared on 5 April 1973, rioting largely quelled by 19 August 1973. |
| | territory =
| | | side1 = Various groups |
| | result =Government victory<br>
| | | side2 = {{flagicon|Satavia|1939}} '''[[Satavia|Government of Satavia]]''' |
| *Democracy maintained
| | *{{flagicon image|Flag of the SPF.png}} [[List of law enforcement agencies in Satavia|Police]] |
| *Surrender and disarmament of Paramilitary groups<br> | | *{{flagicon|Satavia|national-party}} [[Satavia|State Security Forces]] |
| *[[Vooneeaboo Agreement]] (1983) | | | side3 = |
| *[[Roebuck House Agreement]] (1985) | | | side4 = |
| | status = | | | leadfigures1 = No centralised leadership |
| | combatants_header =
| | | leadfigures2 = {{flagicon|Satavia|1939}} [[Hendrik Botha]]<br>{{flagicon|Satavia|1939}} [[Edward Harrison]]<br>{{flagicon|Satavia|1939}} [[Fraser de Villiers]]<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of the SPF.png}} [[Andrew James]] |
| | combatant1 = '''{{flag|Satavia}}'''<br><hr>Supported by:<br/>{{flag|Estmere}}<br/>{{flag|Nuvania}}<br>{{flag|Rizealand}} | | | leadfigures3 = |
| | combatant2 = {{flagicon image|ADS flag.png}} [[ADS]]<br>{{flagicon image|ASW flag.png}} [[ASW]]<br>{{flagicon image|DV flag.png}} [[De Volksmilitie]]<br>{{flagicon image|Oranje Liga flag.png}} [[Oranje Liga]]<br>''[[Satavian Crisis#Groups|Others]]''<hr>Supported by:<br/>{{flagicon|Satavia|national-party}} [[National Party (Satavia)|National Party]]
| | | leadfigures4 = |
| | commander1 = ''Political leaders:''<br>{{flagicon|Satavia}} [[Eric Edwards]]<br>{{flagicon|Satavia}} [[Leander Kokkinakis]]<br>{{flagicon|Satavia}} [[Paul Monaghan]]<br>{{flagicon|Satavia}} [[Bill Stanley]]<br>{{flagicon|Satavia}} [[Willem Steyn]]<br><hr>''Military leaders:''<br>{{flagicon|Satavia|military}} [[Frank McRight]]<br>{{flagicon|Satavia|military}} [[Jonathan Roper]] {{KIA}}<br>{{flagicon|Satavia|military}} [[Pieter Schmidt]]<br>{{flagicon|Satavia|military}} [[Henry Falkes]]<br>{{flagicon|Satavia|military}} [[Stuart Williams]] | | | howmany1 = |
| | commander2 = {{flagicon image|ADS flag.png}} [[Christiaan Jonker]] {{KIA}}<br>{{flagicon image|ASW flag.png}} [[Pieter Kriel]] {{executed}}<br>{{flagicon image|ASW flag.png}} [[Ruben Levy]] {{executed}}<br>{{flagicon image|DV flag.png}} [[Hendrik de Wiss]]<br>{{flagicon image|DV flag.png}} [[Jan Van der Byl]] {{KIA}}<br>{{flagicon image|DV flag.png}} [[Paul Williams]]<br>{{flagicon image|DV flag.png}} [[Jacques Grobler]]<br>{{flagicon image|Oranje Liga flag.png}} [[Bast Jonker]] {{KIA}} | | | howmany2 = |
| | commander3 = | | | howmany3 = |
| | units1 = | | | howmany4 = |
| | units2 = | | | casualties1 = |
| | units3 = | | | casualties2 = |
| | strength1 = | | | casualties3 = |
| | strength2 = | | | casualties4 = |
| | strength3 = | | | fatalities = |
| | casualties1 = {{flagicon|Satavia|military}} [[Satavia|SAF]]:<br>4,986 soldiers killed<br>15,854 soldiers injured<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of the SPF.png}} [[List of law enforcement agencies in Satavia|Police]]:<br>63 police killed<br>151 police injured<hr>{{flag|Rizealand}}:<br>[[Bluetown incident|4 soldiers killed]] | | | injuries = |
| | casualties2 = {{flagicon image|ADS flag.png}} [[ADS]]:<br>2,151 killed<br>{{flagicon image|ASW flag.png}} [[ASW]]:<br>187 killed<br>4,139 captured<br>{{flagicon image|DV flag.png}} [[De Volksmilitie]]:<br>2,748 killed<br>{{flagicon image|Oranje Liga flag.png}} [[Oranje Liga]]:<br>769 killed | | | arrests = |
| | casualties3 = Civilians killed: 8,594<br>'''Total dead:''' 19,502 | | | damage = |
| | notes = | | | buildings = |
| | campaignbox = | | | detentions = |
| | | charged = |
| | | fined = |
| | | effect = |
| | | effect_label = |
| | | casualties_label = |
| | | notes = |
| | | sidebox = |
| }} | | }} |
|
| |
| The '''Satavian Crisis''', often referred to in Satavia as '''The Emergency''', was a period of instability and {{wpl|insurgency}} that began in 1976 and ended in 1983 in [[Satavia]]. Beginning after the fall of the [[National Party (Satavia)|National Party dictatorship]] [[1976 Satavian coup d'etat|in a 1976 coup d'état]], the conflict initially centred primarily around the [[Orange Province]], but had spilled over into the rest of Satavia by the end of 1981. The conflict was fought largely between the government and armed forces of Satavia against several far-right paramilitary groups, opposed to the fall of the National Party regime and [[1976 Satavian federal election|election of a socialist government]], the largest of which was [[De Volksmilitie]]. The conflict began as a low-level disturbance in National Party strongholds within the Orange Province, but by 1977 had escalated into an insurgency. The large-scale deployment of Satavian troops began in March 1977 across the Orange Province, and the government declared a {{wpl|state of emergency}} on 14 March 1977. The passage of the [[Military Powers (Martial Law) Act 1977]] saw large swathes of the Orange Province turned over from civilian control to the military and brought with it an escalation in the conflict. Whilst some pitched battles did occur during the conflict, notably at [[Battle of Kellerstad|Kellerstad]], [[Operation Thunderbolt|Patrick's Town]] and [[Battle of Krugersdopr|Krugersdorp]]. 1980 marked the bloodiest year in the conflict, and saw the deployment of an [[Organization of Asterian Nations|OAN intervention]] lead by [[Nuvania|Nuvanian]] and [[Rizealand|Rizealander]] military forces. By 1982, the government had regained control over most of the Orange Province, with paramilitaries limited to rural areas within the Orange Province and [[Central Territory]]. The surrender of the {{wpl|fascism|neo-functionalist}} [[ASW]] in July 1982 marked a decisive victory for the government, and in December 1982 the largest paramilitary force - De Volksmilitie - had entered into secret negotiations with the government. The conclusion of the [[Vooneeaboo Talks]] in February 1983 saw disarmament and disbanding of De Volksmilitie, and an end to widespread fighting. The [[Oranje Liga]] would disband itself in late 1983 and in November 1983 the government declared victory and ended the state of emergency that had existed since 1977. Although sporadic acts of violence would occur until as late as 1995, the conflict is generally regarded to have ended in late 1983. The [[Roebuck House Agreement]], reached in 1985 under the government of [[Leander Kokkinakis]], lead to a controversial amnesty for members and leaders of paramilitary groups and the release of some 10,000 people {{wpl|interned}} under Martial Law in the Orange Province since 1977.
| |
|
| |
| The conflict, although primarily {{wpl|ideological}} in nature, was also driven by historical causes, belief in {{wpl|white supremacy}}, fierce {{wpl|Criticism of socialism|anti-socialism}} and {{wpl|ultranationalism}}. 19,502 people were killed throughout the conflict and at least 25,000 further people were injured. The conflict has had long-lasting impacts culturally, politically and socially and continues to shape Satavian identity. Although usually described as an insurgency, conflict or {{wpl|low-level war}} it is described officially as an "insurgency and state of emergency". It has also been referred to as a {{wpl|civil war}}. The conflict is known internationally as the "Satavian Crisis" but is often referred to as "The Emergency" in Satavia.
| |
