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==Macro-Chan speaking peoples== | ==Macro-Chan speaking peoples== | ||
=== | ===Ch'ol=== | ||
The Ch'ols represent the main Chan ethnies of the Mutul. They can be further divided into three subcategories: the Ch'olti people ("Ch'ol speakers") who trace their origins back to the [[Paol'lunyu Dynasty]] and the city of Kaminyajunlyu, the Ch'orti people who claim to descend from the people of [[Oxwitik]], and the K'ol people who formed three kingdoms in antiquity: [[Akol]], {{wp|Manche Chʼol|Mant'e}}, and {{wp|Lakandon Chʼol|Lakam Tun}} who began their development outside of the primitive Mutul. Ch'ol, Ch'or, and K'ol all refer to the maizefield in their respective dialects and can refer to either [[Agriculture_in_the_Mutul#Xukalpuh|Xukalpuh]] or [[Agriculture_in_the_Mutul#Raised_fields|raised fields]], a difference that only exist in the more academic [[Mutli]] which otherwise take heavy inspiration from Ch'olt'an ("Language of the Maize fields") for its own vocabulary and grammar. The "Aj Ch'ol" are thus the "People of the Maize fields", the farmers and workers. Foreigners are referred to as "Kaxlan" which carry the meaning of the "non-workers", "those who profit from the work of the Ch'ols". Kaxlan is used in Mutli to translate the concept of {{wp|Bourgeoisie}} although its application by the Ch'ols is much broader. | |||
===Yokot' | ===Yokot'an=== | ||
{{see also|Yajawil of Yokok'ab}} | {{see also|Yajawil of Yokok'ab}} | ||
The Yokot' | The Yokot'an ([[Mutli]]: "''యొకొత్తనభొ''", "''Our speech''") are Ch'ol-related peoples living in the modern [[Yajawil of Yokok'ab]]. Their territory was the craddle of the old {{wp|Yajawil of Yokok'ab#Chakb’ah|Chakb’ah civilization}}, one of the earliest culture to have emerged in the pre-dynastic era of the Divine Kingdom and had a major influence over all of the western Mutul. The Yokot'anob claim that the Chakb'ah are their direct forefathers through the {{wp|Epi-Olmec culture|Tzib'ah culture}}, which scholars suppose were an "evolution" of the Chakb'ah and thrived as a civilization until their conquest by the [[Chaan Dynasty]]. | ||
The status of Yokok'ab as a center of culture and civilization would remain well into the [[Mutulese Ochran]] era, where Yokot'an became the lingua franca of the Vespanian and Makrian Circuits. | The status of Yokok'ab as a center of culture and civilization would remain well into the [[Mutulese Ochran]] era, where Yokot'an became the lingua franca of the Vespanian and Makrian Circuits. | ||
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===Batz'i k'op=== | ===Batz'i k'op=== | ||
[[File:San Cristobal - Indianische Straßenhändlerinnen.jpg|220px|thumb|Batz'i k'op women]] | [[File:San Cristobal - Indianische Straßenhändlerinnen.jpg|220px|thumb|Batz'i k'op women]] | ||
Batz'i k'op ([[Mutli]]: "''బఝి ఖొపొ''", "''True Word''") is a Chan language distinct enough to be counted at its own sub branch. Its speakers, the K'opti, inhabit the Viceroyalty of [[B'akal (Viceroyalty)|B'akal]]. They represent between four to eight million people, depending on the data. K'opti culture is especially stratified which has led to linguistic differences building up between the dialect of the upper and middle classes and the dialect of the proletariat known as the "Winik Atel" ([[Mutli]]: "''వినికి అతెలి''", "'''Working Men''"). The Divine Throne has always staunchily refused to recognize a linguistic distinction between the two groups whenever the question has been brought up. | |||
The | The K'opti trace their origins back to the kingdom of B'akal, located in the modern [[B'akal (Viceroyalty)|Yajawil of B'akal]] where they are still the dominant ethnies. it is also suspected that they have ancestral ties to the {{wp|Epi-Olmec culture|Tzib'ah culture}}. | ||
===Tohol Ab'al=== | |||
Tohol Ab'al ("Right Words") The exact origins of the Tohol ab'al are unknown, but it is suspected that they have ancestral ties to the {{wp|Epi-Olmec culture|Tzib'ah culture}}. | |||
===Xamant'aan=== | ===Xamant'aan=== | ||
[[File:Jarana Yucateca.jpg|220px|thumb|A typical ball from the [[Yajawil of Kaniktun]]]] | |||
Most of the inhabitants of the Xuman Peninsula speak a common {{wp|Pluricentric language}} with different standard varieties depending on the specific Province. But generally, all varieties of that language, and thus the ethnies that speak it as their mother language, are grouped under the common name of "Xamant'aan" ([[Mutuli]]: "''శమనత్తన''", "''Northern Speech''") by linguists. | |||
===Ytze=== | |||
{{main|Ytze people}} | |||
Latest revision as of 13:55, 5 March 2024
The majority of the population of the Mutul consist of Macro-Chan peoples which include the people related to the K'olan speakers, like the Witik people and the Yokot'anob who, despite having be part of the Divine Kingdom for millenias, retain important cultural differences compared to the ethnic Chan and K'ol peoples. Other important branches of the Macro-Chan include the Xamant'aan (and other inhabitant of the Xuman Peninsula), the K'iche (from whom the current ruling lineage, the Ilok'tab Dynasty hail), and smaller ethnicities like the Ytze and the linguistically related Mopan. All the Chan-related peoples, sometime called "Mutuleses proper", form together 75 to 80 percents of the total population, depending on the estimates.
Oto-manguean speakers constitute a large minority of the total population (around 10%), with groups such as the Nuhmu, the Ben Zaa, and the Nuu Davi. They are linguistically distinct from the Tatinak, one of the largest non-Chan ethnic group of the Mutul (6 to 8%). The Tatinak were notably the only non-Chan ethnicity to have given a Dynasty to the Mutul: the K'uy.
The Chibchan account for 2 to 3% of the population and are made of many recognized minorities, such as the Ngabe, Bri, and Paya, living essentially in rural communities in the eastern Mutul. The remainder of the population include other minorities like the Lencas or the Ucayare.
Macro-Chan speaking peoples
Ch'ol
The Ch'ols represent the main Chan ethnies of the Mutul. They can be further divided into three subcategories: the Ch'olti people ("Ch'ol speakers") who trace their origins back to the Paol'lunyu Dynasty and the city of Kaminyajunlyu, the Ch'orti people who claim to descend from the people of Oxwitik, and the K'ol people who formed three kingdoms in antiquity: Akol, Mant'e, and Lakam Tun who began their development outside of the primitive Mutul. Ch'ol, Ch'or, and K'ol all refer to the maizefield in their respective dialects and can refer to either Xukalpuh or raised fields, a difference that only exist in the more academic Mutli which otherwise take heavy inspiration from Ch'olt'an ("Language of the Maize fields") for its own vocabulary and grammar. The "Aj Ch'ol" are thus the "People of the Maize fields", the farmers and workers. Foreigners are referred to as "Kaxlan" which carry the meaning of the "non-workers", "those who profit from the work of the Ch'ols". Kaxlan is used in Mutli to translate the concept of Bourgeoisie although its application by the Ch'ols is much broader.
Yokot'an
The Yokot'an (Mutli: "యొకొత్తనభొ", "Our speech") are Ch'ol-related peoples living in the modern Yajawil of Yokok'ab. Their territory was the craddle of the old Chakb’ah civilization, one of the earliest culture to have emerged in the pre-dynastic era of the Divine Kingdom and had a major influence over all of the western Mutul. The Yokot'anob claim that the Chakb'ah are their direct forefathers through the Tzib'ah culture, which scholars suppose were an "evolution" of the Chakb'ah and thrived as a civilization until their conquest by the Chaan Dynasty.
The status of Yokok'ab as a center of culture and civilization would remain well into the Mutulese Ochran era, where Yokot'an became the lingua franca of the Vespanian and Makrian Circuits.
Batz'i k'op
Batz'i k'op (Mutli: "బఝి ఖొపొ", "True Word") is a Chan language distinct enough to be counted at its own sub branch. Its speakers, the K'opti, inhabit the Viceroyalty of B'akal. They represent between four to eight million people, depending on the data. K'opti culture is especially stratified which has led to linguistic differences building up between the dialect of the upper and middle classes and the dialect of the proletariat known as the "Winik Atel" (Mutli: "వినికి అతెలి", "'Working Men"). The Divine Throne has always staunchily refused to recognize a linguistic distinction between the two groups whenever the question has been brought up.
The K'opti trace their origins back to the kingdom of B'akal, located in the modern Yajawil of B'akal where they are still the dominant ethnies. it is also suspected that they have ancestral ties to the Tzib'ah culture.
Tohol Ab'al
Tohol Ab'al ("Right Words") The exact origins of the Tohol ab'al are unknown, but it is suspected that they have ancestral ties to the Tzib'ah culture.
Xamant'aan
Most of the inhabitants of the Xuman Peninsula speak a common Pluricentric language with different standard varieties depending on the specific Province. But generally, all varieties of that language, and thus the ethnies that speak it as their mother language, are grouped under the common name of "Xamant'aan" (Mutuli: "శమనత్తన", "Northern Speech") by linguists.