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{{Region icon Kylaris}}
'''Thanksgiving''' ({{wp|Germanic languages|Tyrnican}}: ''Erntedankfest'') is a [[Surrow|Surrowese]] holiday that takes place on the second Monday of October. (TBC)
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict    = Nasani-Rwizikuran War
| width      =
| partof      =
| image      = [[File:Nasani-Rwizikuran War.png|250px]]
| caption    =
| date        = 6<sup>th</sup> October, 1968 - 25<sup>th</sup> March, 1969<br>{{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=10|day1=6|year1=1968|month2=3|day2=25|year2=1969}}
| place      = {{flag|Nasana}}<br>{{flag|Rwizikuru}}
| coordinates =
| map_type    =
| map_relief  =
| latitude    =
| longitude  =
| map_size    =
| map_marksize =
| map_caption =
| map_label  =
| territory  =
| result      = [[Nasana|Nasani]] victory
*[[Treaty of Catherby]]
*{{wp|Population exchange}} of Rwizikuran Irfanics and Nasani Sotirans
| territory = Loss of most of [[Yekumavirira]] to [[Nasana]]
| combatants_header =
| combatant1  = {{flag|Rwizikuru}}
| combatant2  = {{flag|Nasana}}
| commander1  = {{flagicon|Rwizikuru}} '''[[Izibongo Ngonidzashe]]'''<br>{{flagicon|Rwizikuru}} [[Fred Ngonidzashe]]<br>{{flagicon|Rwizikuru}} [[Munyaradzi Mhlanga]]{{KIA}}<br>{{flagicon|Rwizikuru}} [[Nokutendaishe Dulini]]<br>{{flagicon|Rwizikuru}} [[Jean-Marie Mombeshora]]
| commander2  = {{flagicon|Nasana}} '''[[Bakoi Tekǂnubo Kala]]'''<br> {{flagicon|Nasana}} [[Hugo ǁkhal Sundala]]<br> {{flagicon|Nasana}} [[Alai Abyodu Tsalar]]<br>
| strength1  = {{flag|Rwizikuru}} 207,595 soldiers
| strength2  = {{flag|Nasana}} 185,000 soldiers
| casualties1 = '''Rwizikuru'''<br> 89,635 killed <br> 52,092 wounded <br> 25,867 missing and captured
| casualties2 = '''Nasana''' <br>  32,000 killed <br> 10,000 wounded <br> 4,000 missing and captured
| notes      = <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">450,000 Rwizikuran civilians killed<br>300,000 Nasani civilians killed<br>ton of internally displaced persons and refugees
| campaignbox =
}}
The '''Nasani-Rwizikuran War''' ({{wp|Shona language|weRwizi}}: ''Hondo pakati peNasana naRwizikuru'', [[Wopoto language|Wopoto]]: ''ǃhoǂnha ri Olo'ǂnga خهوچنها ری ولوچنگا, Liberation of Olonga'') was a war in [[Bahia]] that lasted from 1968 until 1969, over the territory of [[Yekumavirira]] which had been under the control of [[Rwizikuru]], that started when [[Nasana]] attacked Rwizikuru. At the end of the war, the [[Purple Line (Bahia)|Purple Line]] was established along the front lines, and a {{wp|population exchange}} took place.
 
==Background==
===Origins===
The area in question, [[Yekumavirira]], had been part of the [[Wopoto Empire]] prior to its collapse in 1701. Following the collapse of the area, the expanding {{wp|Shona people|veRwizi}} tribes took control of the area. While they initially tried to coerce people to adopt their {{wp|traditional African religions|traditional religion}}, by the mid-1750s, the weRwizi converted to the [[Nasani school]] of [[Irfan]] under the rule of Chief [[Nyashadzashe Olonga]], and thus resulted in the establishment of the [[Olonga Sultanate]].
 
The Olonga Sultanate lasted until 1853, when [[Gaullica]] took the area over, and began instituting policies to promote the [[Solarian Catholic Church]] over the Irfanic population. As well, the Gaullicans instituted policies which cracked down on both the [[Wopoto language]] and the {{wp|Shona language|weRwizi}} language in favor of {{wp|French language|Gaullican}}. Over the next century, Gaullican rule became more influential over the region, but in 1936, with the end of the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]], Gaullica was forced to give their colony in Yekumavirira to the [[Estmere|Estmerish]]. The Estmerish placed what they deemed "Olongaland" under the jurisdiction of the colony in [[Rwizikuru|Rizikuru]], and made it a district of the colony, and expelled many of the Gaullicans residing in the territory.
 
===Rwizikuran rule and growing tensions===
In 1946, [[Rwizikuru]] was granted independence following tensions between the Estmerish colonial authorities and the [[Rwizikuran National Movement]] led by [[Shungudzemwoyo Nhema]] and [[Izibongo Ngonidzashe]]. This included Olongaland, which was quickly renamed back to [[Yekumavirira]] by the newly independent government.
 
Under [[Samhuri Ngonidzashe]]'s rule from 1946 to 1954, he began instituting policies to "create a consolidated nation-state." To this end, Samhuri Ngonidzashe ordered all schools across Rwizikuru to use the {{wp|Shona language|weRwizi}} language, and to reduce the use of {{wp|English language|Estmerish}} in schools in 1948.
 
This policy was unpopular among the [[Wopoto people]] living in Yekumavirira, as they were angered that schools in their communities, which had hiherto been primarily taught in Estmerish and in the [[Wopoto language]] would be forced to teach their children "the language of their enemies."
 
[[Alai Abyodu Tsalar]], in response to these policies established the [[Yekumavirira Liberation Movement]] to advocate for increased autonomy for Yekumavirira. Over the next few years, many [[Irfan|Irfanic]] people joined the movement, as many Irfanics experienced tensions with the Sortirian population, as policies were made that benefitted the {{wp|Christianity|Sotirian}} population at the expense of the Irfanic population.
 
In 1951, a compromise was achieved, where infant schools in Yekumavirira were allowed to teach in {{wp|French language|Gaullican}} and in the Wopoto language.
 
===Nasana===
After the [[Nasani Wars|Third Nasani War]], ethno-religious suppression and relocation took place across the country, under Prime Minister [[Gyowade !natan]]'s program of nationalization. Many Nasani groups underwent villagization in re-education work camps. Since 1953 when the Third Nasani War ended, Sotirians took a pilgrimage to Euclea and mostly [[Yekumavirira]], where they could worship freely and find new lands.
 
For a time the Nasani government endorsed this and even funded the migration against the opposition of their neighbors. This was known as the [[Great Nasanic Exodus]], as over 500,000 Sotirians fled [[Nasana]] and escaped government villages from 1953 to 1959. Still, many Sotirians were left in Nasana, practicing their religion in secret while imitating Irfanic practice.
 
The Great Nasanic Exodus heightened tensions in Yekumavirira, as old Irfanic and Sotirian communities began to feud over land. It is suggested the exodus of Sotirians to Yekumavirira was a fabrication and government document leaks affirm this theory, though this not officially endorsed. This would heightened tensions and later justify Nasanai Invasion as a means to protect Irfanic communities from increasing violence.
 
===Izibongo Ngonidzashe's election and increasing authoritarianism===
[[File:Daniel_arap_Moi_1972.jpg|150px|thumb|left|[[Alai Abyodu Tsalar]], 1967]]
In 1954, [[Samhuri Ngonidzashe]] finished his second term, and due to term limits implemented by the [[Constitution of Rwizikuru|Rwizikuran constitution]], Samhuri was prohibited from running for a third term. Instead, Samhuri appointed his son, [[Izibongo Ngonidzashe]] to be the presidential candidate in the 1954 elections.
 
Following Izibongo's election, he began to institute policies to benefit the {{wp|Christians|Sotirian}} communities at the expense of the [[Irfan|Irfanics]], with Izibongo saying in 1955 that:
 
<blockquote>"''The Rwizikuran nation must be based on three principles: one nation, one language, and one leader. If we do not develop our nation as a single nation-state, we shall be forever at the mercy of imperialist powers, from [[Euclea]], and from next door.''"</blockquote>
 
Thus, Izibongo enacted policies to further centralize the country: he abolished the 1951 compromise, and forced {{wp|Shona language|weRwizi}} to be the sole language of instruction in schools in [[Yekumavirira]]. As well, he welcomed the Sotirian refugees, and allocated "vacant land" in Yekumavirira. Combined, these policies drew the ire of the Irfanic population in the region, with [[Alai Abyodu Tsalar]] declaring in 1956 that:
 
<blockquote>"''Under President Izibongo, we are being subjugated. We are evicted to make room for those so-called 'refugees' from [[Nasana]], and impose their faith, their language, and their beliefs unto us. In the name of the {{wp|Allah|Behestee-Alef}}, we cannot permit Rwizikuru to undermine our inherent rights to be a free nation.''"</blockquote>
 
This declaration angered the Rwizikuran government, and resulted in Izibongo Ngonidzashe amending the constitution so he would serve two five-year terms as opposed to two four-year terms, in addition to Ngonidzashe beginning to crack down on Irfanic practices. In an attempt to destroy the movement, he deported [[Alai Abyodu Tsalar]] and other prominent members of the [[Yekumavirira Liberation Movement]] to [[Nasana]].
 
Despite these moves to try and crack down on the Yekumavirira Liberation Movement, it only served to attract more Irfanic people to the movement. This helped increasing the perception that the Irfanic populations were trustworthy, and in 1960, Izibongo Ngonidzashe passed legislation that allowed only three mosques to stay in operation: two in [[Port Tsalar|Saint-Germain]] (present-day [[Port Tsalar]]), and one in [[Port Fitzhubert]].
 
This policy greatly outraged the Irfanic community, with demonstrations taking place throughout Yekumavirira: the [[Royal Rwizikuran Army|Rwizikuran Army]] were called in to quell the protests at Saint-Germain, leading to the [[Saint-Germain Massacre]] on 4 March, 1960, killing twenty-two people and injuring sixty-three people.
 
The massacre would serve as the catalyst for the Yekumavirira Liberation Movement to begin engaging in an armed struggle against the Rwizikuran government. Over the next several years, the movement began to carve out a stronghold in rural areas of Yekumavirira where there were still sizable Irfanic populations.
 
===Prelude===
In 1964, with Izibongo's second term expiring, he chose to use the situation in [[Yekumavirira]] as a pretext to suspend the [[Constitution of Rwizikuru]], and to declare himself [[Monarchy of Rwizikuru|Mambo]] of [[Rwizikuru]]. With the institution of the [[Basic Law of Rwizikuru]] later that year which firmly established Rwizikuru as an {{wp|absolute monarchy}}, he essentially had all the power in the country.
 
Meanwhile in Nasana, the Rafa - an ethno-religious nationalist Political Party - held sole power in the government since the Third Nasani War. In 1963 however their power and organization began to fail, with ethnic tension in the cities and militancy on the countryside. Many had begun to detest villagization projects through state-owned collective farming, which had displaced or disrupted the lives of many agricultural groups.
 
The [[Prime Minister of Nasana|Nasanan Prime Minister]] and leader of the Rafa, [[Gyowade !natan]] had seen success since the Nasani Wars with his extensive programs of industrialization and cultural vitalization. However, he governed like a tyrant and did not submit to fair challenges to his power, instead employing a secret police of radical followers to purge the government. By 1965, Gyowade passed away and in his place the Rafa elected [[Idu Tsukhaja]] as Prime Minister, trying to keep the dividing and ideologically changing party together and prevent foreseeable civil war.
 
The Great Elder of Nasana, Omun Ajokhemi, meanwhile called for attention on the issue of Irfanic populations in Yekumavirira conflicting with Sotirian migrants. In 1966, Elder Omun made a holy proclamation and demanded that the Sotirians be moved elsewhere by the Rwizikuru government.
 
Izibongo Ngonidzashe refused to accept the demands of Omun Ajokhemi, saying that:
 
<blockquote>"''The Sotirians in Yekumavirira have lived for as long as the Irfanic peoples in Yekumavirira, if not longer than the Irfanics. To tell our citizens to uproot their lives and move elsewhere would in itself be a grave violation of their God-given liberties to reside where-ever they please, and if we were to accept your demands, it will only encourage the destruction of our nation as it would be easier for imperialist powers to recolonize us.''"</blockquote>
 
Thus, Izibongo Ngonidzashe responded by closing the two mosques in Yekumavirira, and instituting mandatory "religious education" in the Sotirian religions. At around the same time, Izibongo Ngonidzashe instituted policies to reduce foreign influence in the economy, and expel "bourgeois elites" (i.e. [[Marathi people|Marathis]] and wealthy Irfanics) from the country.
 
Domestic tensions in Nasana grew hotter, but Idu Tsukhaja sought to focus on the Yekumavirira issue. The following year, in 1967, Ajokhemi declared Yekumavirira a holy land of all [[Ngemi Irfan|Ngemi(ǁnemi)]] Irfanics. As rhetoric intensified, policy and focus changed, the country was unified in viewing a Yekumavirira border threat. In late 1967, the Great Elder of Nasana declared a [[Ngemi Pilgrimage]] on Yekumavirira, calling for a "re-conquest of the land".
 
<blockquote>"''By Behestee-Alef, I call upon my brothers and sisters to defend their fellow countrymen. We must secure a future for all Ngemi Irfanic peoples and march forward with the word of Behestee-Alef. We must irradiate the Imperial Sotirian legacy and embark on the Reclamation of Olonga. This is why we unify, to protect against the imperial devil and bring the light of knowledge, the truth of Niayesh.''"
- Great Elder Omun Ajokhemi</blockquote>
 
In early 1968, an ultimatum was given to Izibongo Ngonidzashe by the Prime Minister Idu Tsukhaja. Officially cede claim on "Olonga" and evacuate the region, as Nasani troops were stacked on the border. In reality, Nasani troops had already begun to slowly trickle across the border at night and prepare for offensive.
 
Izibongo Ngonidzashe rejected the ultimatum, declaring that "Yekumavirira is as much of an integral part of Rwizikuru as [[Parunoguma]]," and began to deploy more troops of the [[Royal Rwizikuran Army]] to Yekumavirira to fortify Rwizikuru's position in the area. In preparation for an imminent war, he began to detain Irfanic people in the country and send them to {{wp|internment camps}} in the eastern regions.
 
==Events==
===Initial offensive===
Irregular [[Nasanai Rangers]], groups already hidden in Yekumavirira, began their initial attacks three days before war was officially declared. Raiding villages and stopping convoys that were transporting Irfanic refugees to internment camps. War was officially declared by the Great Elder of Nasana on October 6th, 1968, beginning with combined Air and Ground offensives following the rangers.
 
The ''Liberation of Olonga'' as Nasana called it had begun as over 20,000 initial troops crossed the border, raiding and occupying Sotirian villages, as well as detaining individual Sotirians. On October 10th, Nasani troops executed Sotirans indiscriminately along their routes as the advance was pushed, slashing the burning villages and land as they went. Nasani Rangers continued their guerrilla war behind enemy lines, undertaking an operation to liberate eastern internment camps.
 
===Attempted counterattack===
(TBD)
 
===Battle of Saint-Germain===
basically decimated the [[Royal Rwizikuran Army]]
 
===Final offensives===
(TBD)
 
==Aftermath==
[[File:Yekumaterritorialchange.png|150px|thumb|left|Division of Yekumavirira in [[Treaty of Catherby]]]]
war ends with the [[Treaty of Catherby]] in [[Catherby]], [[Estmere]], [[Purple Line (Bahia)|Purple Line]] established to prevent further conflict along the border of the former [[Yekumavirira]] region, and population exchange
 
(TBD)
 
==Impact==
One of the greatest impacts of the war was the expulsion of [[Rwizikuru|Rwizikuran]] [[Irfan|Irfanic]] people to [[Nasana]], and the expulsion of Nasani {{wp|Christians|Sotirians}} to [[Rwizikuru]] as part of the [[Treaty of Catherby]] which ended the war between the two countries. As this made no distinctions along ethnic lines, {{wp|Shona people|weRwizi}} who followed the Irfanic faith and who had known no other country, and Sortirian [[Wopoto people|Wopoto]] found themselves in unfamiliar territories.
 
Diplomatically, relations have remained frosty between the two sides since the war... (TBC)

Latest revision as of 19:59, 18 March 2024

Thanksgiving (Tyrnican: Erntedankfest) is a Surrowese holiday that takes place on the second Monday of October. (TBC)

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