President of West Miersa: Difference between revisions

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|post            = President
|post            = President
|body            = West Miersa
|body            = West Miersa
|nativename      = Prezydent mierskiej rzeczpospolitej sotyrskiej ({{wp|Polish language|Miersan}})
|nativename      = Prezydent Republika Mierska ({{wp|Polish language|Miersan}})
|flag            = West_Miersa_arms.png
|flag            = WMCoaNew.png
|flagsize        = 150px
|flagsize        = 150px
|flagborder      =  
|flagborder      =  
|flagcaption    = Emblem
|flagcaption    = Emblem
|department      =  
|department      =  
|image          = Prezydent_Rzeczypospolitej_Polskiej_Andrzej_Duda.jpg
|image          = Aleksandar Vučić (2022-11-11).jpg
|imagesize      = 150px
|imagesize      = 150px
|alt            =  
|alt            =  
|incumbent      = [[Adrian Rozak]]
|incumbent      = [[Jakub Lewkowicz]]
|incumbentsince  = 3 October, 2021
|incumbentsince  = 7 April 2014
|style          =  
|style          =  
|residence      =
|residence      =
Line 18: Line 18:
|member_of      =  
|member_of      =  
|appointer      =  
|appointer      =  
|termlength      = Two terms (maximum, five-year terms)
|termlength      = Five years
|termlength_qualified =  
|termlength_qualified =  
|constituting_instrument  = [[Constitution of West Miersa]]
|constituting_instrument  = [[Constitution of West Miersa]]
|inaugural      = [[Świętosław Wojdyla]]
|inaugural      = [[Pawel Michalowski]]
|formation      = 3 October, 1936
|formation      = 26 October, 1936
|last            =  
|last            =  
|abolished      =  
|abolished      =  
|succession      =  
|succession      =  
|deputy          = [[Minister-President of West Miersa]]
|deputy          = [[Premier of West Miersa]]
|salary          =  
|salary          =  
|website        =  
|website        =  
}}
}}
The '''President of the Miersan Sotirian Republic''' ({{wp|Polish language|Miersan}}: ''Prezydent mierskiej rzeczpospolitej sotyrskiej''), commonly known as the '''President of West Miersa''' (''Prezydent Mierski Zachodniej'') is the {{wp|head of state}} of the [[West Miersa|Miersan Sotirian Republic]]. Created in 1936 with the establishment of West Miersa, it was constitutionally defined as being the head of state, but over the decades has also become the {{wp|de-facto}} {{wp|head of government}}.
The '''President of the Miersan Republic''' ({{wp|Polish language|Miersan}}: ''Prezydent Republika Mierska''), commonly known as the '''President of West Miersa''' (''Prezydent Mierski Zachodniej'') is the {{wp|head of state}} of the [[West Miersa|Miersan Republic]]. Created in 1936 with the establishment of West Miersa, it was constitutionally defined as being the head of state, but over the decades has also become the {{wp|de-facto}} {{wp|head of government}}.
 
With the passage of the [[Constitution of West Miersa#Third Amendment (October 2020)|third amendment]] to the [[Constitution of West Miersa|West Miersan]] constitution in October 2020, the Presidency will become an {{wp|executive president|executive presidency}} from the [[Elections in West Miersa#2021|2021 general election]], with the position of [[Minister-President of West Miersa|Minister-President]] being abolished in favour of a new [[Vice-President of West Miersa|Vice-Presidency]].


The president is elected every five years alongside the Sejm via first-past-the-post. Over the decades the position has been commonly considered to be that of an autocrat, being a military dictator from the 1940s to the 1980s to a civilian dictator since. The current president [[Jakub Lewkowicz]] has served in the role since 2008 being re-elected thrice.
==History==
==History==
With the independence of West Miersa from [[Soravia]] following the implementation of the [[Godfredson Plan]] in 1936, the drafters of the [[Constitution of West Miersa|West Miersan constitution]] sought to create a {{wp|head of state}} modelled on the [[President of Soravia|Soravian Presidency]], elected every five years by the people of the Miersan Sotirian Republic. However, unlike Soravia, the framers decided to institute term limits, with each President only being re-elected once.
Although the Presidency was not intended to be as centralised as the Soravian Presidency, with powers being distributed to the [[National Assembly (West Miersa)|legislature]] and the [[Administrative divisions of West Miersa|voivodeships]], following the accession of [[Świętosław Wojdyla]] to the Presidency in 1936, Wojdyla centralised powers in the Presidency, enabling a domination of West Miersan politics by the [[Wojdyla family]] from independence until 1986: by the time of the [[Miersan War]] in 1979, the President was by far the {{wp|de-facto}} {{wp|head of government}}, with the [[Minister-President of West Miersa|Minister-President]] effectively being a puppet of the President.
In the 2000s, many of the de-facto powers of the Presidency were "granted" to the Minister-President by [[Tomisław Sobolewski]], who delegated powers to [[Oskar Palubicki]]. However, following the election of [[Gerard Wojdyla]] to the Minister-Presidency in 2011, Sobolewski and Gerard Wojdyla engaged in a power struggle that ultimately lead to Sobolewski resigning in 2013 after the Soravian government backed Wojdyla. However, in 2016, after Wojdyla was succeeded as President by incumbent [[Sylwester Wrzesiński]], Wrzesiński was able to reverse the liberalisation made by Sobolewski.
==Role==
==Role==
Under the [[Constitution of West Miersa|West Miersan constitution]], the President functions as the {{wp|head of state}} of the [[West Miersa|Miersan Sotirian Republic]], with the power to sign legislation into law, to appoint and dismiss the [[Minister-President of West Miersa|Minister-President]] of the Miersan Sotirian Republic from among the [[National Assembly (West Miersa)|National Assembly]], and to appoint legislators to represent what the West Miersan government considers to be "[[Administrative divisions of West Miersa|voivodeships under Kirenian occupation]]."
Under the [[Constitution of West Miersa|West Miersan constitution]], the President functions as the {{wp|head of state}} of the [[West Miersa|Miersan Republic]], with the power to sign legislation into law, to appoint and dismiss the [[Premier of West Miersa|Premier]] of the Miersan Republic from among the [[Sejm (West Miersa)|Sejm]], and to appoint legislators to represent what the West Miersan government considers to be "[[Administrative divisions of West Miersa|voivodeships under Valduvian occupation]]."


In addition, the President of the Miersan Sotirian Republic has an obligation to represent all {{wp|Polish people|Miersans}}, both within the Miersan Sotirian Republic, but also on the international stage.
In addition, the President of the Miersan Republic has an obligation to represent all {{wp|Polish people|Miersans}}, both within the Miersan Republic, but also on the international stage.


Although officially, the President is merely the head of state, over the decades, particularly during the [[Wojdyla family]]'s domination of West Miersa from 1936 until 1986, power has been de-facto centralised in the presidency, with most of the powers legally assigned to the Minister-President often being exercised by the President's office. While some presidents, most notably [[Tomisław Sobolewski]] and [[Gerard Wojdyla]] have allowed the Minister-President to exercise their powers, this has generally been the exception rather than the norm.


==Official residence==
==Official residence==
[[File:Zameczek_prezydenta_RP_(Zamek_Górny)_w_Wiśle_2.JPG|250px|thumb|left|[[Żobrodź Castle]], [[West Żobrodź]], 2013]]
The President of the [[West Miersa|Miersan Sotirian Republic]] has an {{wp|official residence}} in the capital city of [[West Żobrodź]], known as the [[Żobrodź Castle]].
Historically, this was the residence of the royal family of [[Miersa]], serving as one of their residences up until the start of the [[Interregnum (Miersa)|Interregnum]] in 1623. Following the end of the [[War of the Miersan Succession]], it became the residence of the [[Duchy of Żobrodź|dukes of Żobrodź]], remaining until 1687, when the Duchy of Żobrodź was abolished. Throughout the next two-and-a-half centuries, Żobrodź Castle served as the residence for various officials, although due to its location near the border with the [[Gaullica|Gaullican]]-controlled regions of Miersa, the [[Soravia|Soravians]] prefered to set their capital in [[Krada]].
Following the independence of the Miersan Sotirian Republic from Soravia in 1936, Żobrodź Castle quickly became the official residence of the presidency, serving in this role continuously since then, with the exception of the [[Miersan War]], when after the fall of Żobrodź, the residence ended up under eastern control. The castle was severely damaged, and in the aftermath, had to be rebuilt, although the reconstruction was not faithful to the original designs, as the then-President sought to modernize the castle to make it more comfortable for his family, and equipping the offices with the latest technologies as was in existence at the time.


==List of Presidents==
==List of Presidents==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:60%;
|-
!align="center" colspan=4|President
!align="center"|Term of office
!align="center"|Party
|-
|'''1'''
|style="background:silver"|
|[[File:Mannerheim1940.jpg|100px]]
|<big>'''[[Pawel Michalowski]]'''</big><br>1867{{ndash}}<br>1950
|1935 <br>{{ndash}}<br>1950
|Independent
|-
|'''2'''
|style="background:#2BD861"|
|[[File:J.K. Paasikivi 1945 portrait (cropped).jpg|100px]]
|<big>'''[[Emil Wojnicz]]'''</big><br>1870{{ndash}}<br>1959
|1950 <br>{{ndash}}<br>1959
|[[Republika (West Miersa)|Republika]]
|-
|'''3'''
|style="background:#2BD861"|
|[[File:Urho-Kekkonen-1975 (cropped).jpg|100px]]
|<big>'''[[Konstanty Bartko]]'''</big><br>1900{{ndash}}<br>1985
|1959 <br>{{ndash}}<br>1980
|[[Republika (West Miersa)|Republika]]
|-
|-
!rowspan=2 style="width:25px;"|
|'''4'''
!colspan=2 style="width:280px;"|President
|style="background:#2BD861"|
!colspan=3|Term of office
|[[File:Franjo Tudjman 1995.jpg|100px]]
! style="width:100px;" rowspan="2"|Political Party
|<big>'''[[Sylwester Petroski]]'''</big><br>1930{{ndash}}<br>2001
! style="width:160px;" rowspan="2"|Elected
|1980 <br>{{ndash}}<br>1982
! style="width:160px;" rowspan="2"|Second-in-command
|[[Republika (West Miersa)|Republika]]
|-
|-
!Portrait
|'''5'''
!width=180px|Name<br /><small>(Birth–Death)</small>
|style="background:#1B4107"|
!Took Office
|[[File:Борис Николаевич Ельцин-1 (cropped) (cropped).jpg|100px]]
!Left Office
|<big>'''[[Kazimierz Glogowski]]'''</big><br>1931{{ndash}}<br>2006
!Days
|1982 <br>{{ndash}}<br>2004
|Independent (1982-1989)<br>[[Zobowiazanie]] (1989-2004
|-
|-
|colspan="9" bgcolor="lightgrey" align=center|'''1936-present'''<br />[[File:West_Miersa_flag.svg|30px]] • President of the [[West Miersa|Miersan Sotirian Republic]] [[File:West_Miersa_flag.svg|30px]]
|'''6'''
|style="background:#1B4107"|
|[[File:Dmitry Medvedev official large photo -1 (cropped).jpg|100px]]
|<big>'''[[Tomasz Kopernik]]'''</big><br>1964{{ndash}}
|2004 <br>{{ndash}}<br>2014
|[[Zobowiazanie]]
|-
|'''7'''
|style="background:#1B4107"|
|[[File:Open Balkan 29 07 2021 (cropped).jpg|100px]]
|<big>'''[[Jakub Lewkowicz]]'''</big><br>1970{{ndash}}
|2014 <br>{{ndash}}<br>
|[[Zobowiazanie]]
|-
|-
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
!style="background:#C24650;"|{{color|white|1}}
|[[File:Ignacy_Moscicki.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Świętosław Wojdyla]]'''<br/>{{small|(1874-1953)}}
|3 October, 1936
|3 October, 1946
|{{age in days|1936|10|3|1946|10|3}}
| style="background:#C24650;"|[[Miersan National Party|{{color|white|Nationals}}]]
|[[Elections in West Miersa#1936|1936]]<br>[[Elections in West Miersa#1941|1941]]
|[[Więcesław Pawlicki]]<br>[[Cezary Wojdyla]]<br>[[Maurycy Wojdyla]]
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
!style="background:#C24650;"|{{color|white|2}}
|[[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-11032,_August_Zaleski.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Maurycy Wojdyla]]'''<br/>{{small|(1877-1963)}}
|3 October, 1946
|3 October, 1956
|{{age in days|1946|10|3|1956|10|3}}
| style="background:#C24650;"|[[Miersan National Party|{{color|white|Nationals}}]]
|[[Elections in West Miersa#1946|1946]]<br>[[Elections in West Miersa#1951|1951]]
|[[Tobiasz Wojdyla]]<br>[[Kacper Niemczyk]]<br>[[Iwon Wojdyla]]
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
!style="background:#C24650;"|{{color|white|3}}
|[[File:Kazimierz_Sabbat.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Iwon Wojdyla]]'''<br/>{{small|(1906-1989)}}
|3 October, 1956
|3 October, 1961
|{{age in days|1956|10|3|1961|10|3}}
| style="background:#C24650;"|[[Miersan National Party|{{color|white|Nationals}}]]
|[[Elections in West Miersa#1956|1956]]
|[[Lesław Przybyszewski]]<br>[[Romuald Wojdyla]]
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
!style="background:#C24650;"|{{color|white|4}}
|[[File:Piotr_Jaroszewicz_1977.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Romuald Wojdyla]]'''<br/>{{small|(1909-1992)}}
|3 October, 1961
|3 October, 1971
|{{age in days|1961|10|3|1971|10|3}}
| style="background:#C24650;"|[[Miersan National Party|{{color|white|Nationals}}]]
|[[Elections in West Miersa#1961|1961]]<br>[[Elections in West Miersa#1966|1966]]
|[[Eliasz Kempisty]]<br>[[Kacper Niemczyk]]<br>[[Tadeusz Wojdyla]]
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
!style="background:#C24650;"|{{color|white|5}}
|[[File:Edward_Gierek_1980b.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Tadeusz Wojdyla]]'''<br/>{{small|(1913-2001)}}
|3 October, 1971
|3 October, 1986
|{{age in days|1971|10|3|1986|10|3}}
| style="background:#C24650;"|[[Miersan National Party|{{color|white|Nationals}}]]
|[[Elections in West Miersa#1971|1971]]<br>[[Elections in West Miersa#1976|1976]]
|[[Inocenty Wojdyla]]<br>[[Stanisław Kantorowicz]]<br>[[Arkadiusz Stuczynski]]<br>[[Florentyn Wojdyla]]
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
!style="background:#EFC807;"|{{color|black|6}}
|[[File:Ryszard_Kaczorowski_2008.JPG|80px]]
|'''[[Maksymilian Trzeciak]]'''<br/>{{small|(1919-2010)}}
|3 October, 1986
|3 October, 1996
|{{age in days|1986|10|3|1996|10|3}}
| style="background:#EFC807;"|[[Naprzód (West Miersa)|{{color|black|Naprzód}}]]
|[[Elections in West Miersa#1986|1986]]<br>[[Elections in West Miersa#1991|1991]]
|[[Ksawery Sulewski]]<br>[[Korneli Krasowsky]]<br>[[Damian Jackowiak]]
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
!style="background:#EFC807;"|{{color|black|7}}
|[[File:Lech_Wałęsa_prezydent_RP.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Damian Jackowiak]]'''<br/>{{small|(1943-)}}
|3 October, 1996
|3 October, 2006
|{{age in days|1996|10|3|2006|10|3}}
| style="background:#EFC807;"|[[Naprzód (West Miersa)|{{color|black|Naprzód}}]]
|[[Elections in West Miersa#1996|1996]]<br>[[Elections in West Miersa#2001|2001]]
|[[Korneliusz Cygan]]<br>[[Tomisław Sobolewski]]
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
!style="background:#EFC807;"|{{color|black|8}}
|[[File:Aleksander_Kwasniewski_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2004.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Tomisław Sobolewski]]'''<br/>{{small|(1954-)}}
|3 October, 2006
|23 June, 2013
|{{age in days|2006|10|3|2013|6|23}}
| style="background:#EFC807;"|[[Naprzód (West Miersa)|{{color|black|Naprzód}}]]
|[[Elections in West Miersa#2006|2006]]<br>[[Elections in West Miersa#2011|2011]]
|[[Oskar Palubicki]]<br>[[Gerard Wojdyla]]
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
!style="background:#C24650;"|{{color|white|-}}
|[[File:Kazimierz_Marcinkiewicz_2006_(cropped).jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Gerard Wojdyla]]'''<br/>{{small|(1959-)}}
|23 June, 2013
|3 October, 2016
|{{age in days|2013|6|23|2016|10|3}}
| style="background:#C24650;"|[[Miersan National Party|{{color|white|Nationals}}]]
|''none''
|[[Aleksandra Wojdyla]]
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
!style="background:#EFC807;"|{{color|black|9}}
|[[File:Jarosław_Kaczyński_Sejm_2016a_(cropped).JPG|80px]]
|'''[[Sylwester Wrzesiński]]'''<br/>{{small|(1949-)}}
|3 October, 2016
|3 October, 2021
|{{age in days|2016|10|3|2021|10|3}}
| style="background:#EFC807;"|[[Naprzód (West Miersa)|{{color|black|Naprzód}}]]
|[[Elections in West Miersa#2016|2016]]
|[[Adrian Rozak]]
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
!style="background:#EFC807;"|{{color|black|10}}
|[[File:Prezydent_Rzeczypospolitej_Polskiej_Andrzej_Duda.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Adrian Rozak]]'''<br/>{{small|(1971-)}}
|3 October, 2021
|''incumbent''
|{{age in days|2021|10|3}}
| style="background:#EFC807;"|[[Naprzód (West Miersa)|{{color|black|Naprzód}}]]
|[[Elections in West Miersa#2021|2021]]
|[[Jonatan Drozdowski]]
|}
<center><timeline>
ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:15
PlotArea  = top:10 bottom:80 right:130 left:20
AlignBars = late
Colors    =
 
  id:m    value:rgb(0.76,0.27,0.31)    legend:Miersan_National_Party_(MNP)
  id:n    value:rgb(0.94,0.78,0.02)    legend:Naprzód
  id:gray1  value:gray(0.8)
  id:gray2  value:gray(0.9)
DateFormat = mm/dd/yyyy
Period    = from:01/01/1936 till:10/04/2021
TimeAxis  = orientation:horizontal
ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:5 start:1936
ScaleMinor = gridcolor:gray2 unit:year increment:1 start:1936
Legend    = columns:1 left:205 top:35 columnwidth:75
TextData =
  pos:(25,30) textcolor:black fontsize:M
  text:"Political parties:"
BarData =
  bar:S_Wojdyla
  bar:M_Wojdyla
  bar:I_Wojdyla
  bar:R_Wojdyla
  bar:T_Wojdyla
  bar:Trzeciak
  bar:Jackowiak
  bar:Sobolewski
  bar:G_Wojdyla
  bar:Wrzesiński
  bar:Rozak
PlotData=
  width:8 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till
bar:S_Wojdyla
  from: 10/03/1936 till: 10/03/1946 color:m text:"[[Świętosław Wojdyla|Ś. Wojdyla]]" fontsize:10
bar:M_Wojdyla
  from: 10/03/1946 till: 10/03/1956 color:m text:"[[Maurycy Wojdyla|M. Wojdyla]]" fontsize:10
bar:I_Wojdyla
  from: 10/03/1956 till: 10/03/1961 color:m text:"[[Iwon Wojdyla|I. Wojdyla]]" fontsize:10
bar:R_Wojdyla
  from: 10/03/1961 till: 10/03/1971 color:m text:"[[Romuald Wojdyla|R. Wojdyla]]" fontsize:10
bar:T_Wojdyla
  from: 10/03/1971 till: 10/03/1986 color:m text:"[[Tadeusz Wojdyla|T. Wojdyla]]" fontsize:10
bar:Trzeciak
  from: 10/03/1986 till: 10/03/1996 color:n text:"[[Maksymilian Trzeciak|Trzeciak]]" fontsize:10
bar:Jackowiak
  from: 10/03/1996 till: 10/03/2006 color:n text:"[[Damian Jackowiak|Jackowiak]]" fontsize:10
bar:Sobolewski
  from: 10/03/2006 till: 06/23/2013 color:n text:"[[Tomisław Sobolewski|Sobolewski]]" fontsize:10
bar:G_Wojdyla
  from: 06/23/2013 till: 10/03/2016 color:m text:"[[Gerard Wojdyla|G. Wojdyla]]" fontsize:10
bar:Wrzesiński
  from: 10/03/2016 till: 10/03/2021 color:n text:"[[Sylwester Wrzesiński|Wrzesiński]]" fontsize:10
bar:Rozak
  from: 10/03/2021 till: 10/04/2021 color:n text:"[[Adrian Rozak|Rozak]]" fontsize:10
</timeline></center>
==Living former Presidents==
Since the election of [[Adrian Rozak]] to the Presidency in 2021, there have been four living former Presidents of the [[West Miersa|Miersan Sotirian Republic]].
<center>
<gallery>
Lech_Walesa_-_2009.jpg|'''[[Damian Jackowiak]]'''<br />served 1996-2006<br /> born 1943 (age {{age|1943|8|31}})
Aleksander_kwasniewski_konferencja_(cropped).jpg|'''[[Tomisław Sobolewski]]'''<br />served 2006-2013<br /> born 1954 (age {{age|1954|9|25}})
Kazimierz_Marcinkiewicz_(1118622297)_cropped.jpg|'''[[Gerard Wojdyla]]'''<br />served 2013-2016<br /> born 1959 (age {{age|1959|8|16}})
Jarosław_Kaczyński_Sejm_2016a_(cropped).JPG|'''[[Sylwester Wrzesiński]]'''<br />served 2016-2021<br /> born 1949 (age {{age|1949|6|18}})
</gallery>
</center>
[[Category:West Miersa]]
[[Category:West Miersa]]

Latest revision as of 01:00, 22 May 2024

President of West Miersa
WMCoaNew.png
Emblem
Aleksandar Vučić (2022-11-11).jpg
Incumbent
Jakub Lewkowicz
since 7 April 2014
Term lengthFive years
Constituting instrumentConstitution of West Miersa
Inaugural holderPawel Michalowski
Formation26 October, 1936
DeputyPremier of West Miersa

The President of the Miersan Republic (Miersan: Prezydent Republika Mierska), commonly known as the President of West Miersa (Prezydent Mierski Zachodniej) is the head of state of the Miersan Republic. Created in 1936 with the establishment of West Miersa, it was constitutionally defined as being the head of state, but over the decades has also become the de-facto head of government.

The president is elected every five years alongside the Sejm via first-past-the-post. Over the decades the position has been commonly considered to be that of an autocrat, being a military dictator from the 1940s to the 1980s to a civilian dictator since. The current president Jakub Lewkowicz has served in the role since 2008 being re-elected thrice.

History

Role

Under the West Miersan constitution, the President functions as the head of state of the Miersan Republic, with the power to sign legislation into law, to appoint and dismiss the Premier of the Miersan Republic from among the Sejm, and to appoint legislators to represent what the West Miersan government considers to be "voivodeships under Valduvian occupation."

In addition, the President of the Miersan Republic has an obligation to represent all Miersans, both within the Miersan Republic, but also on the international stage.


Official residence

List of Presidents

President Term of office Party
1 Mannerheim1940.jpg Pawel Michalowski
1867–
1950
1935

1950
Independent
2 J.K. Paasikivi 1945 portrait (cropped).jpg Emil Wojnicz
1870–
1959
1950

1959
Republika
3 Urho-Kekkonen-1975 (cropped).jpg Konstanty Bartko
1900–
1985
1959

1980
Republika
4 Franjo Tudjman 1995.jpg Sylwester Petroski
1930–
2001
1980

1982
Republika
5 Борис Николаевич Ельцин-1 (cropped) (cropped).jpg Kazimierz Glogowski
1931–
2006
1982

2004
Independent (1982-1989)
Zobowiazanie (1989-2004
6 Dmitry Medvedev official large photo -1 (cropped).jpg Tomasz Kopernik
1964–
2004

2014
Zobowiazanie
7 Open Balkan 29 07 2021 (cropped).jpg Jakub Lewkowicz
1970–
2014

Zobowiazanie