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{{Infobox former country
|native_name            = ''Valduves Impērija'' ({{wp|Latvian_language|Valduvian}})
|conventional_long_name = Valduvian Empire
|common_name            = <!-- Name to be used in constructing links and category names; not for display -->
|iso3166code = omit      <!-- For a country or geopolitical version of a country that ceased to exist prior to the introduction of iso3166-->
|era                    = <!-- Use: "Napoleonic Wars", "Cold War", etc. -->
|status                = <!-- Status: see Category list on template page -->
|status_text            = <!-- A free text to describe status at the top of the infobox. Use sparingly. -->
|empire                = <!-- The empire or country to which the entity was in a state of dependency -->
|government_type        = {{wp|Absolute monarchy}}
|event_start            = [[Proclamation of the Valduvian Empire|Proclaimed]]
|date_start            = 20 August
|year_start            = 1721
|event_end              = [[Valduvian Revolution]]
|date_end              = 19 June
|year_end              = 1921
|year_exile_start      = <!-- Year of start of exile (if dealing with exiled government: status="Exile") -->
|year_exile_end        = <!-- Year of end of exile (leave blank if still in exile) -->
|event1                = <!-- Optional: other events between "start" and "end" -->
|date_event1            =
|event2                =
|date_event2            =
|event3                =
|date_event3            =
|event4                =
|date_event4            =
|event5                =
|date_event5            =
|event6                =
|date_event6            =
|event_pre              = <!-- Optional: A crucial event that took place before "event_start" -->
|date_pre              =
|event_post            = <!-- Optional: A crucial event that took place after "event_end" -->
|date_post              =
<!-- Flag navigation: Preceding and succeeding entities p1 to p5 and s1 to s5 -->
|p1                    = Valduvian Confederation
|flag_p1                = Flag of None.svg
|image_p1              = <!-- Use: [[File:Sin escudo.svg|20px|Image missing]] -->
|p2                    =
|flag_p2                =
|p3                    =
|flag_p3                =
|p4                    =
|flag_p4                =
|p5                    =
|flag_p5                =
|s1                    = Valduvia
|flag_s1                = Flag of Valduvia.png
|image_s1              = <!-- Use: [[File:Sin escudo.svg|20px|Image missing]] -->
|s2                    = Alsland
|flag_s2                = Flag of Alsland.png
|s3                    =
|flag_s3                =
|s4                    =
|flag_s4                =
|s5                    =
|flag_s5                =
|image_flag            = Flag of the Valduvian Empire.png
|flag_alt              = <!-- Alt text for flag -->
|flag_caption          = Flag
|image_flag2            = <!-- Second flag -->
|flag_alt2              = <!-- Alt text for second flag -->
|flag                  =
|flag2                  = <!-- Link target under flag2 image. Default: Flag of {{{common_name}}} -->
|flag_type              = <!-- Displayed text for link under flag. Default "Flag" -->
|flag2_type            = <!-- Displayed text for link under flag2. Default "Flag" -->
|image_coat            = Coat of arms of the Valduvian Empire.png
|coa_size              = <!-- Size of coat of arms -->
|coat_alt              = <!-- Alt text for coat of arms -->
|symbol_type            = Coat of arms
|symbol_type_article    = <!-- Link target under symbol image. Default: Coat of arms of {{{common_name}}} -->
|image_map              =
|image_map_size        = <!--Map size in number of pixels-->
|image_map_alt          =
|image_map_caption      =
|image_map2            = <!-- If second map is needed; does not appear by default -->
|image_map2_size        = <!--Map size in number of pixels-->
|image_map2_alt        =
|image_map2_caption    =
|capital                = [[Priedīši|Matīspils]]
|largest_city = capital
|capital_exile          = <!-- If status="Exile" -->
|national_motto        = "Valdiet ziemeļus"<br>{{small|"Rule the north"}}
|national_anthem        = "Svētā Matīsa himna"<br>{{small|"Hymn of Saint Matīss"}}<br>
[[File:MediaPlayer.png|link=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2lTzWOhWOSo|200px]]
|official_languages    =
|common_languages      = {{wp|Latvian language|Valduvian}}, {{wp|German language|Weranian}}, {{wp|Estonian language|Martish}}, {{wp|West Frisian language|Dellish}}
|religion              =
|demonym                = Valduvian
|currency              = [[Valduvian zelts]]
<!-- Titles and names of the first and last leaders and their deputies -->
|leader1                = <!-- Name of king or president -->
|leader2                =
|leader3                =
|leader4                =
|leader21              =      <!--(up to 21 distinct leaders may be included)-->
|year_leader1          = <!-- Years served -->
|year_leader2          =
|year_leader3          =
|year_leader4          =
|year_leader21              =
|title_leader          = <!-- Default: "King" for monarchy, otherwise "President" -->
|representative1        = <!-- Name of representative of head of state (e.g. colonial governor) -->
|representative2        =
|representative3        =
|representative4        =
|representative5        =
|year_representative1  = <!-- Years served -->
|year_representative2  =
|year_representative3  =
|year_representative4  =
|year_representative5  =
|title_representative  = <!-- Default: "Governor" -->
|deputy1                = <!-- Name of prime minister -->
|deputy2                =
|deputy3                =
|deputy4                =
|year_deputy1          = <!-- Years served -->
|year_deputy2          =
|year_deputy3          =
|year_deputy4          =
|title_deputy          = <!-- Default: "Prime minister" -->
<!-- Legislature -->
|legislature            = [[Saeima]]
|house1                = <!-- Name of first chamber -->
|type_house1            = <!-- Default: "Upper house" -->
|house2                = <!-- Name of second chamber -->
|type_house2            = <!-- Default: "Lower house" -->
<!-- Area and population of a given year -->
|stat_year1            = <!-- year of the statistic, specify either area, population or both -->
|stat_area1            = <!-- area in square kilometres (w/o commas or spaces); area in square miles is calculated -->
|stat_pop1              = <!-- population (w/o commas or spaces) -->
|stat_year2            =
|stat_area2            =
|stat_pop2              =
|stat_year3            =
|stat_area3            =
|stat_pop3              =
|stat_year4            =
|stat_area4            =
|stat_pop4              =
|stat_year5            =
|stat_area5            =
|stat_pop5              =
|today                  =
|footnote_a            = <!-- Accepts wikilinks -->
|footnote_b            = <!-- Accepts wikilinks -->
|footnote_h            = <!-- Accepts wikilinks -->
|footnotes              = <!-- Accepts wikilinks -->
}}
{{Infobox dependency
{{Infobox dependency
| name = Free State of Eldsey
| name = Free State of Eldsey

Latest revision as of 19:19, 7 June 2024

Valduvian Empire
Valduves Impērija (Valduvian)
1721–1921
Flag of
Flag
Coat of arms of
Coat of arms
Motto: "Valdiet ziemeļus"
"Rule the north"
Anthem: "Svētā Matīsa himna"
"Hymn of Saint Matīss"
MediaPlayer.png
Capital
and largest city
Matīspils
Common languagesValduvian, Weranian, Martish, Dellish
Demonym(s)Valduvian
GovernmentAbsolute monarchy
LegislatureSaeima
History 
20 August 1721
19 June 1921
CurrencyValduvian zelts
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Valduvian Confederation
Valduvia
Alsland
Free State of Eldsey

ᚠᚱᛁᛚᛆᚿᛑᛂᚿ᛬ᛂᛚᛑᛋᚤᛂᛆᚱ (Eldseyan)
Frilanden Eldsøjar
ᚠᚱᛁᛚᛆᚿᛑᛂᛐ᛬ᛂᛚᛑᛋᚤᚤᛂᚱ (Waldish)
Frilandet Eldsøyer
Sovereign stateWaldrich
Settlement9th century
Waldian Empire915
Kingdom of North Waldia20 May 1031
Old Waldish Confederacy7 January 1584
Waldish Confederation19 June 1821
Autonomy13 March 1941
Capital
and largest city
Klettvik
Official languagesEldseyan
Waldish
Ethnic groups
(2020)
95.8% Eldseyan
2.4% Waldish
1.8% Other
Religion
(2020)
  • 7.6% Irreligious
  • 1.5% Other
Demonym(s)Eldseyan
Leaders
Mats II
Árni Ragnar Kristjánsson
LegislatureLøgting
Area
• Total
10,627 km2 (4,103 sq mi)
Population
• 2020 census
44,382
• Density
4.18/km2 (10.8/sq mi)
GDP (nominal)2022 estimate
• Total
$1.811 billion
• Per capita
$40,810
HDI (2022)Increase 0.909
very high

Eldsey, officially the Free State of Eldsey, is a free state of Waldrich. It consists of an archipelago in the Glacian Ocean known as the Eldsey Islands, located X kilometers northeast of the Waldish mainland. Its capital and largest city is Klettvik, which is home to nearly one third of the state's residents.  Eldsey's total area of 10,627 square kilometers and population of 44,382 make it the smallest and least populous state in Waldrich.

6.5×45mm MASSOR
7mm-08 Remington.JPG
TypeRifle
Place of origin Valduvia
Service history
In service1955–present
Used byMASSOR
Wars
Production history
DesignerMareks Dukurs
Designed1951–1953
Produced1954–present
Specifications
Bullet diameter6.70 mm (0.264 in)
Neck diameter7.50 mm (0.295 in)
Shoulder diameter10.90 mm (0.429 in)
Base diameter11.30 mm (0.445 in)
Rim diameter11.30 mm (0.445 in)
Rim thickness1.50 mm (0.059 in)
Case length45.00 mm (1.772 in)
Overall length65.30 mm (2.571 in)
Case capacity2.71 cm3 (41.8 gr H2O)
Rifling twist200 mm
Primer typeLarge rifle
Maximum pressure430 MPa (62,000 psi)
Ballistic performance
Bullet mass/type Velocity Energy
123 gr (8 g) 2,859 ft/s (871 m/s) 2,230 ft⋅lbf (3,020 J)
Test barrel length: 610 mm

The 6.5×45mm MASSOR, also known as 6.5×45mm Valduvian or simply 6.5×45mm, is a rimless bottlenecked intermediate rifle cartridge developed in Valduvia during the 1950s. It has been a standard service rifle chambering for the Valduvian Workers' Army since 1955, and was originally developed for use in the Lielstraupe TŠ-54 assault rifle. The cartridge was adopted as the standard for MASSOR in 2001, and now enjoys widespread use among the armed forces of its member states.

History

Development

The 6.5×45mm cartridge was developed in response to the experience of Valduvian infantrymen during the Valduvian-Weranian War. Although the armed forces as a whole performed well, the Valduvian Land Component's aging Kusava Š-31 straight-pull bolt-action rifles proved vastly inferior to the Gewehr 43 and StG 44 rifles fielded by the Bundesheer. Valduvian military officials were particularly impressed by the selective fire StG 44 and its 7.92×33mm intermediate rifle cartridge. The light weight of the cartridge allowed Weranian soldiers to carry more ammunition than their Valduvian counterparts, and its low recoil made the weapon controllable under fully automatic fire while still remaining effective out to 300 meters.

In September 1951, the Valduvian Workers' Army began development on an indigenous assault rifle to replace the Š-31. Taking design cues from the StG 44, the military laid out requirements for a selective fire rifle capable of accepting a detachable magazine of at least 20 rounds. The new rifle would require a lighter and less powerful chambering to replace the Š-31's full-powered 7.5×55mm, allowing each soldier to carry more ammunition and maintain control over the weapon in full automatic. However, the military also required that the new cartridge be able to make effective shots out to 800 meters, allowing it to also be used in sniper rifles and general-purpose machine guns.

Mareks Dukurs, the chief weapons designer at the Lielstraupe Mechanical Factory, was assigned to lead the development of the new weapon and cartridge. For the new chambering, Dukurs took inspiration from the Blostlandic 6.5×55mm round, which was known for its excellent ballistics at long ranges. The 6.5mm bullet was smaller and lighter than the 7.5mm bullet utilized by the Valduvian military, which Dukurs believed would allow it to retain greater velocity in an intermediate package. Development took place between November 1951 and July 1953, when the final design was summited to the Directorate of the Workers' Defense. After eight months of testing, Dukurs's new cartridge and rifle were accepted by the Valduvian Workers' Army in March 1954. The 6.5×45mm cartridge and its accompanying service rifle, designated the Lielstraupe TŠ-54, began full scale production later that year, and entered service with the Valduvian Workers' Army in the spring of 1955.

Service history

The 6.5×45mm cartridge almost immediately saw combat with Valduvian security forces during the Burland conflict. Initial reviews were highly positive, with soldiers finding its lighter recoil to be more pleasant than the 7.5×55mm rounds to which they were accustomed.  Additionally, the more manageable 6.5 cartridge allowed soldiers to shoot more accurately. The average rifle qualification score increased to 28/40 with the new cartridge, compared to 25/30 with the 7.5×55mm round. The success of the 6.5×45mm round led to the development of the Lielstraupe VLM-58 light machine gun, which quickly replaced the older Kusava VLM-25 as the Land Component's standard squad automatic weapon.

The round was exported to several other socialist states and movements beginning in the 1960s, and was notably used by X forces during the X War. Beginning in 1981, the smaller caliber 4.85×49mm cartridge partially replaced 6.5×45mm as the standard Valduvian service rifle chambering, although the latter continued in use with reserve units and as a light machine gun and sniper rifle cartridge. The cartridge also remained popular in the Valduvian special operations community, who favored its versatility to engage targets at longer ranges. Additionally, the 6.5 cartridge remained significantly more popular outside of Valduvia. The Valduvian military adopted the Lielstraupe TŠ-90 as its new service rifle in 1990, with variants chambered in both 4.85 and 6.5. In 2001, the 6.5×45mm was chosen over the 4.85×49mm to serve as MASSOR's standard service rifle cartridge due to its greater versatility and logistical advantages, and the Valduvian military returned the cartridge to frontline use.

Variants

  • ŠP-53: 7.0 gram 6.5×45mm ball cartridge. The original cartridge developed by Mareks Dukurs using a 7.0 gram bullet.
  • ŠP-54: 8.0 gram 6.5×45mm ball cartridge. A modified loading of Dukurs's original design, utilizing a heavier 8.0 gram bullet. The ŠP-54 was the standard cartridge of the Valduvian Workers' Army between 1955 and 1981.
  • ŠP-54M: 8.0 gram 6.5×45mm tracer cartridge developed from the ŠP-45 ball cartridge.
  • ŠP-81: 8.0 gram 6.5×45mm MASSOR ball cartridge with a steel penetrator tip. The ŠP-81 has been the standard 6.5×45mm round in the Valduvian Workers' Army since 1981, and was adopted as the MASSOR standard in 2001.

Use