Chatten and Leucen

Kingdom of Chatten and Leucen Rechton im Chatten erd Leucen
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: "Dyvin ed Frier" "Divine and Free"
Anthem:  "Rumywen tour Runyn" 'Risen from ruins'
Capital and largest city	Lomercoyne
Official languages	Leucish
Regional and minority languages	Chattish Porgysh Jotav Terkov Rwycorrish
National sign language	Chalcish Sign Language
Ethnic groups (2020)	67% Leucish 13% Chattenish 8% Rwycorrts 5% Terkish 4% Porgynthish 2% Jotavs 1% Corks
Religion (2020)	43% no religion 27% Leucish Meyrism 10% Chattish Meyrism 2.1% Chalcerean Paganism 1.1% Dastrity 1.0% Neo-Dastrity 0.9% others 5% not stated
Demonym(s)	Chalcish, Chalcs (colloquial)
Government	Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy
• Monarch	King Bourke II
• Prime Minister	Saiah Dunwille
• Barony Speaker	Cearl Margowys
• Assembly Speaker	Symon Parshyla
Legislature	Court of Elders
• Upper house	House of Baronies
• Lower house	Assembly of Commons
Formation
• Tridetarchy	8 March 115
• Moravian Leucenia	c. 512
• The Deluge	1 January 809
• Wars of the Daggers	c. 1015 - 1195
• Acts of Unification between Leucen and Rwycorr 1213	8 June 1213
• Acts of Unification between Great Chalcain and Chatten 1487	25 November 1487
• Finnon-Leucenian Treaty of the Outlying Islands 1978	15 July 1978
Area
• Total	512,455 km2 (197,860 sq mi) (69th)
• Water (%)	1.3
Population
• 2024 estimate	115,634,195 (13th)
• 2022/24 census	115,112,734
• Density	312/km2 (808.1/sq mi) (12th)
GDP (PPP)	2024 estimate
• Total	₽4.881 trillion (26th)
• Per capita	₽64,556 (5th)
GDP (nominal)	2024 estimate
• Total	₽4.233 trillion (7th)
• Per capita	₽59,412 (21st)
Gini (2023)	21.6 low (8th)
HDI (2023)	0.955 very high (11th)
Currency	Leucenian Piese (PIS)
Time zone	UTC+1 ( NWT)
• Summer (DST)	observed
Driving side	right
Calling code	+115
Internet TLD	.chl

Kingdom of Chatten and Leucen, commonly known as the Northern Kingdom, (NK) or Chalcain, is an island country located on northwestern Callys just off the mainland coast. It comprises two main nations, namely Chatten and Leucen, hence the name. The Northern Kingdom also includes surrounding islands such as the Lannascern islands, Amarincen islands, Isle of Furk, and the Porgynth islands. Collectively, the domains of the Northern Kingdom are known as the Chalcer Isles. The Northern Kingdom is surrounded by the Eastern Sea, Lacendynn Sea, Leucish Sea, Elvenmann Strait, Chatten Strait, and Heptant Ocean. Meanwhile, the Crowergynn Sea separates the island of Chatten and Leucen, with the isle of Rustav located conveniently between the two islands. The Northern Kingdom shares maritime borders with Finnon to the north-east, Helswig to the south-west, Tictland to the south-east, and Coradis to the south. The total area of the Northern Kingdom is 512,455 km² (197,860 square miles) with an estimated population of 115 million people as of 2023. The capital and largest city is Lomercoyne, and its surrounding urban area is the largest in Callys. Other major cities with large surrounding urban area includes Mowycen, Pownys, Cumbershyre, City of Lech, Sark, Varnyconne, Shalcyr, Courcamyron, and Malwenydd.

Prehistoric human activity on the islands dates back to the last Ice Age, with continuous habitation since the end of the last glacial maximum. The Chalcerean people emerged as the dominant human culture on the islands which comprises of the tribal societies, namely, Jotavs, Porgynth, Corks, Rwycorrts, Terkish, Leucish, and Chattenish, all were the precursors and founder of the later Thirteen Kingdoms. The anarchic Thirteen Kingdoms period saw the gradual unification of all kingdoms into the domain of the first High King Sycor I of Leucen. The Moravs conquered the islands of Chatten and Leucen and made it into their province, known as Moravian Leucenia, until their departure from the islands in 800. Coinciding it was the arrival of the Sami-Finnons, known as the Deluge, beginning in 809 and lasted until 825. which resulted in the extinction of the Chalcerean House of Yrforr and the beginning of the rule of the Sami-Finnoan House of Vergork-Jonstein. Meyrism religion arrived in the islands when High King Sycor IX's exiled younger brothers and recent Meyrian converts, Nymeth and Fwynth, plotted a conspiracy against the High King, backed by the increasingly paranoid aristocracy and most of the nobility. With the authoritative ordinances of Sycor IX repealed, Nymeth succeeded his brother to become the next High King with the recommendation of his younger brother, Fwynth, who showed no interest in claiming the throne, in order to avoid a civil war which might cost the Kingdom its existence. His succession, by the year 861, is considered the beginning of the Kingdom of Leucen and the Unification Wars.

Incursions of the remaining Chalcerean pagans convinced the Flemmian King Ardewyth II to launch several invasions into the northern lands, culminating into the Wars of the Daggers resulting in Leucish victory. The lands of the Corks, Jotavs, and the Hundes were occupied while Rwycorr, land of the Rwycorrts, were annexed directly into Leucen through the signing of the Acts of Unification between Leucen and Rwycorr 1213, creating the Kingdom of Great Chalcain. The Acts of Unification between Great Chalcain and Chatten 1487 were signed by King Dravid II as a response to the economic instability caused by the Finnonian raids to the kingless Kingdom of Chatten, creating the current Kingdom of Chatten and Leucen. The Northern Kingdom held only a few islands and atolls in the Septentriones Ocean during the Age of Exploration, and the Northern Kingdom is among the only major Callyssian power not to adopt slavery among its island colonies nor advocates to become a major colonial power, even after the majority of the aristocracy remained in favor of the idea of it. The Northern Kingdom remained relatively unscathed during the Century of Revolutions. By 1901, they remain the only monarchy in Callys. They adopted a policy of neutrality-unless-needed since 1895 and crafted a complex foreign policy which favor both great powers during both great wars. The Finnon-Leucenian Treaty of the Outlying Islands 1978 were signed between the Northern Kingdom and the Finnon with the Northern Kingdom receiving the islands of Porgynth, Lannascern, and Furk.

The Northern Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy and a federal parliamentary democracy. It is a developed and advanced country and the seventh-largest economy by nominal gross domestic product (GDP). Since 1988, the Northern Kingdom is a nuclear-powered state, but is not a nuclear weapon state. The Northern Kingdom maintains the Bonhouten welfare model that provides universal health care system, a comprehensive social security system, and tertiary education to all its citizens. As a welfare state, it ranks high in income equality, quality of life, gender equality, and prosperity. It is a founding member of the Assembly of Nations, Callyssian Union, Organization for Trade and Economic Development (OTED), International Bank, the G5, and the GNTO.

Etymology and terminology

The Acts of Unification between Leucen and Rwycorr 1213 declared that the Second Kingdom of Leucen should be named "The Kingdom of Great Chalcain" despite the fact that the lands of the Corks, Jotavs, and the Hundes were only occupied and are not annexed into the kingdom. The term "Great Chalcain" refers to the islands of Leucen, its constituent regions, and its surrounding islands. When Chatten was incorporated into Great Chalcain by the signing of the Acts of unification between Great Chalcain and Chatten 1487, the Council of Elders held an executive referendum that resulted in name change of the Northern Kingdom into the "Kingdom of Chatten and Leucen" by 1501.

"Northern Kingdom" as a term didn't come into vocabulary use until 1935 when a Tictish journalist Hymera Vera Phon of the Strait Times wrote an article about the prevalence of monarchies in Callys. In the article, Hymera referred to the time where four great monarchies ruled over Callys, with the Kingdom of Chatten and Leucen being the northern one amongst the four. Even after the Century of Revolutions which saw a massive upheaval of monarchies around Callys, the people, scholars, military leaders, and politicans still use the term "Northern Kingdom" as an alias to the Kingdom of Chatten and Leucen to refer to it as the last surviving monarchy among the Four Monarchies and on the continent as a whole.

The term "Leucen" has become synonymous with the Great Chalcain and in general is the principal mistake people outside the Northern Kingdom always make. This is because of the dominant influence and reputation Leucen has over its fellow nations, given the fact that Leucen is the oldest among both of the Northern Kingdom's constituent nations. Leucen is also the academic and professional term scholars use during the 18th and 19th centuries when referring to the Northern Kingdom, though it later went obsolete.The Committee of Geographical Names defines "Leucen" as the name of the island that constitutes Great Chalcain, the "Kingdom of Leucen" as a historical region covering almost all of Leucen except for the regions of Rwycorr, Jotav, Lech, Ostria, and Porgynth, "Great Chalcain" as the name describing the totality of Leucen and its surrounding islands with Chatten and its jurisdiction removed, while the Kingdom of Chatten and Leucen describes the Kingdom with both Chatten and Leucen included.

The adjective "Chalcish" is commonly used to refer to the matters relating to the Northern Kingdom and is also used by law to refer to the nationality and citizenship of the people of the Northern Kingdom. Aside from this, however, people might use other ethnic adjectives such as Leucish, Rwycorrts, Chattenish, Terkish, Porgynthish, Jotavish, or Corkish to describe their ethnic heritage.

History

Before the Acts of Unification between Leucen and Rwycorr

The Proto-chalcerean people first arrived on Chalcain Isles 41,000 years ago, settling the island in waves from Helswig. They continuously inhabited the island until 9,900 years when glacier ice retreated to the poles. By the end of the 2nd millenium BCE, another wave of human migration occurred. Vauns, a tictish tribe, migrated into south-eastern Leucen and southern Terk from the present-day states of Vaunhein and Inner Tictland. Both peoples would eventually become the precursors to the Chalcerean people. The Chalcerean people would ultimately be separated into two following the appearance of the Crowergynn Sea that will divide the Chalcain Isles into the island of Chatten and Leucen.

Early migration routes of the Chalcerean people that led to the foundation of the Thirteen Kingdoms.

Battle of Shalcyr, which results in the dissolution of the Confederacy of the North

Before the Tridetarchy, the middle Chalcerean tribes of Gon, Urles, and Poctannan, headed by Lamacil, a High King, fled west into Two River Valley where they allied with Rwycorr by 12 BCE, forming the kingdom of Cydacyll. By the turn of the millenium, however, Leucen soon emerged as the most powerful Chalcerean Kingdom in the island. The Terks, the main rivals of the later Sami-Finnons, settled on the south-east island of the same name, mingling with the already present Vauns, creating a hybrid of Vaun-Finnon culture in the island. They would ultimately be included as one of the Thirteen Kingdoms as the Kingdom of Terk. By 10 CE, Leucish King Weferstann's son, Maverstann, married the daughter of Terk's King Campugne, Samerwen, aiming to ally a powerful maritime kingdom to his side. In year 45, Incursions of the Lechian tribes into the northern kingdoms of Jotavs, Rwycorr, and Corks persuaded the Jotavian King Komaus to form a confederation, a decision deemed unpopular yet necessary amongst the Jotavian nobility. When the Rwycorrian King Marcyn ascends to the throne in year 54, he started a series of reforms which establishes the position of a High King and a small noble council known as the Sert. Initially unpopular, this new government system proves itself to be effective and soon becomes popular among the nobility.

The state of Leyds seceded from Cydacyll due to failed land reforms. In 98, continued Terk migrations saw the establishment of the Kingdom of Tamugnonia and Ostrian city states. Meanwhile, northern Chattish seafarers originating from the Isle of Rustav migrated south and landed on south-western Leucen, establishing the Chattish Chalcerean kingdoms of Doyre and Timmes. Within these kingdoms, a distinct Chattish-Vaun culture emerges. Rising tensions between Vauns and Terkish settlers in southern Tamugnonia resulted in a civil war, ending in Vaunish victory. The Grant Treaty of 100 saw Morctos of Timmes establishing East Timmes as a Timmian vassal.

These tribes soon developed into Thirteen Kingdoms by 115, historically known as the Tridetarchy. By the turn of the 2nd century AD, the Thirteen kingdom's domain covered almost all of the island of Leucen, with the Midlands, Lech, and Ester remaining nomadic by the start of the 2nd Century.

Gradual unification begins when Tumerstann's daughter, Corwen, was kidnapped by Hohenstein, Prince-regent of Timmes, known as the Orchard Affairs. Leucen's response culminated in the conquest of Timmes, which led to the abdication of the Timmish King Tictos the Frail and the dissolution of the Kingdom. East Timmes, now an independent kingdom, was not spared by conquest. The conquest of East Timmes by Tamugnonia forced Vaunish settlers to migrate into the only remaining Vaunish Kingdom which was Doyre. In 231, Namarstann of Leucen forged an alliance with the Porgynths in exchange for the bounty of the Ostrian City States. The Ostrian Partition of 256 divided Ostrian into two, effectively surrounding Tamugnonia from all sides by Leucen allies. Ultimately, Leucen would conquer Tamugnonia in 299, and Jaharann of Leucen marries the Doyrish Queen Mifareth, uniting both kingdoms under a single monarchy. A sizeable number of Vaunish inhabitants, finding themselves under the rule of their conquerors, fled to the Kingdom of Terk, which despite their alliance with Leucen, is accepting of the Vauns. By 312, Leucen's domains extends all through-out the southern lands of the island. Leucen adopted the Cydacyllian model of government, with High King Sycor I, once the incumbent King, ruling as the first High King.

Moravian Conquests and rule

In 344, the Moravian Conquest begins in the conquest of Helswig. High King Mrathmann of Leucen, seeing the ruthlessness of their new neighbors, allied with the Confederation of the North to protect against potential invasions from the Moravians. By 398, an assembled army led by the future Moravian Emperor Sicador Morastus landed on Doyre. The Moravs invaded and sacked Terk, before moving on to the city of Malwenydd, where they executed Punthywyn, the last Terkish King. Following the massacre at Ostria on 423, High King Fryenwyn of Leucen and High King Therycor II of the Confederacy of the North mustered an army and fought in the Battle of Murandi in 431, resulting in both deaths and Moravian victory. From 435 to 456, the Moravs would conquer Leucen and Porgynth before subjugating the tribal peoples of Ester and southern Midlands. In 466, Cydacyll and Leyds capitulated, giving Moravians a foothold against the Confederacy. It is said that High King Mycor IV grew paranoid after receiving the news, going so far as to enact forced conscription, including his councillors. In order to break the Confederacy, the Moravians, with the help of the Lechs, invaded the city of Lech. Cutting the confederacy into two, the Moravians quickly occupied Shalcyr, dissolved the Confederacy, and executed Mycor IV.

The Moravians established Moravian Leucenia as an Imperial province by 512. Nobles who pledge their loyalty to the Empire retained their status, wealth, and authority, while those who resist were utterly destroyed, their lands redistributed to other loyal lords. This system had a profound effect on Leucenian politics for centuries to come. Incursions of the Moravians into the island of Chatten proves to be unsuccessful due to the machinations of the maritime warlords around Crowergynn Sea. In 634, Chattenian maritime kingdoms, such as those in Rustav Confederation, flourished during this time period as settlements sprouted along the Chattenian coast. Indeed, the presence of a powerful maritime confederation in Crowergynn Sea discourages the Moravians to pursue further imperial efforts towards the island of Chatten. By the turn of the 8th century CE, coinciding with the decline of the Moravian Empire, Moravian emigration into the mainland increased. The imperial province would soon plunge into anarchy on 801 when Governor Campane Calagaunt, the last Moravian ruler, was assassinated by four unknown assailants. With the absence of a ruler, Kingdom of Leucen became an independent state under the rule of High King Fyrcos, the Kingdom of the Corks, Jotavs, and the Hundes seceded, while Rwycorr revolted against the remaining nobility.

Moravian Leucenia as of 640 CE

The Deluge

By 805, another wave of migrations begin. The militaristic Sami-Finnons, ancient rivals of the Terks, arrived on south-western Leucen. By 812, the Sami-Finnons had conquered the former lands of Ostria, Tamugnonia, and Porgynth. Faced by a larger threat in its early years of independence, High King Fyrcos of Leucen and High King Yari of the Corks, Jotavs, and the Hundes decided to elect a single High King while maintaining their independence and creating a single Royal Army, creating the Southern and Northern Electorates. The Midland Wars was fought in November 814 in the expanse of the Midlands, with the Battle of Varnyconne and the Battle of Tower Bridge being the most significant. By 825, the Sami-Finnons were pushed back and were pacified into Ester, where they mostly remained until today.

With the threat of the Sami-Finnons greatly diminished into divided warbands and pirates, a short peace followed which did not last long. On June 2, 850, The ascend of High King Sycor IX, the first High King to be elected by both the Southern and Northern Electorates, was followed by authoritative practices. When Myrcos ordered the Pagan Ordinance of 854 which advocates for the return to Chalcerean Paganism, two of his younger brothers, Nymeth and Fwynth, resisted and were exiled. They were sent to Morav years ago as emmissaries to the King. unbeknowngst to Sycor IX, they converted to Moravian Meyrism in 858. News of the first baptists of the Leucen islands reached the Kingdom of the Corks, Jotavs, and the Hundes, where the conservative Speaker of the Northern Electorate Ardams Myncya initially distrusted these emmissaries.