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<div style="float:left;margin:0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0;">[[File:ZibaJaujejua.svg|150px]]</div> '''Ziba''' ([[File:ZibainZiba.png]], ''ziba'', {{IPA-all|ziba}}) is the {{wp|language isolate|only}} extant {{wp|language}} of the eponymous Zibaic language family. It originated in and is the main language in [[Dezevau]] and northern [[Lavana]], and also has legal recognition in [[Hacyinia]] and [[Carucere]]. It is spoken natively by over 200 million people,  making it the fifth language in the world by native speakers, and a further 100 million or so speak it non-natively. Ziba originated in southwest Dezevau several millennia ago, possibly as a {{wp|contact language}}. It spread by {{wp|trade}} and {{wp|diplomacy}} among the region's city-states and other polities, as well as through {{wp|human migration|migration}}, and association with [[Badi]]. In the medieval period, in large areas of northern Southeast Coius, Ziba was used in {{wp|public sphere|public}}, {{wp|commerce|commercial}}, {{wp|politics|political}}, {{wp|religion|religious}} and diplomatic life, but coexisted with a variety of languages which were {{wp|first language|natively spoken at home}}, in circumstances of {{wp|diglossia}}. At least in southwest Dezevau and among some {{wp|social class|classes}}, however, it was also a domestic language. The [[Aguda Empire]], founded in 1476, established Ziba as the {{wp|official language}} throughout its territories, using it in {{wp|administration}}, spreading it through commerce, deepening its Badist association, and generally promoting it as part of its {{wp|cultural assimilation|assimilative}} policies. The state of diglossia collapsed across much of the Aguda Empire's territory, in favour of Ziba {{wp|monolingualism}}. Ziba acquired more ethnic-political implication as a result of the empire's policies. The Aguda Empire also conducted early efforts at {{wp|language reform}} and {{wp|language standardisation|standardisation}}, with the Ziba {{wp|dialect continuum}} converging considerably, and the {{wp|koiné language|koiné}} Agudan Ziba becoming the basis for virtually all later {{wp|prestige dialect}}s of Ziba. During the colonial and post-colonial periods, Ziba lost much of its status and reach outside of present-day Dezevau and Lavana, as colonial or other national languages were promoted instead. It remains an important regional language, with many of its neighbours retaining {{wp|loanword}}s from it, and it being the {{wp|working language}} of the [[Brown Sea Community]]. Ziba is an {{wp|agglutinative language}}, with a great deal of {{wp|affixation|suffixation}} to create new {{wp|noun}}s and {{wp|adjective}}s, sharing similarities in this with the neighbouring {{wp|Austronesian languages|Vehemenic languages}}. {{wp|Verb}}s, in comparison, exist simply within a SVO {{wp|word order|sentence structure}}. Ziba's possible roots as a {{wp|contact language}}, and its storied use as a {{wp|second language}} in the public sphere may be linked to its simple {{wp|grammar}} and small {{wp|phonemic inventory}}; it has twelve {{wp|consonant}}s and five {{wp|vowel}}s ({{wp|monophthong}}s, which can form a further twelve {{wp|diphthong}}s). Its inventory is unusual, however, in not having any {{wp|rounded vowel}}s, {{wp|unvoiced consonant}}s/{{wp|voice (phonetics)|voicing distinction}}, and a number of other features which are very cross-linguistically common. Most Ziba is written in the Ziba script (cf. [[Carucerean Ziba]]), which is somewhere between an {{wp|alphabet}} and an {{wp|abugida}}; it has had a very close {{wp|phonemic orthography|phonetic correspondence}} since the {{wp|orthography|orthographic}} reforms of the Aguda Empire. ('''[[Ziba|See more...]]''')
<div style="float:left;margin:0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0;">[[File:Talaharan Constitution Sample.png|150px]]</div> The '''Supreme Consensus of Talahara''' ({{wp|Central Atlas Tamazight|Takelat}}: ⴰⵎⵙⴻⴼⵀⴰⵎ ⴰⵄⵍⴰⵢⴻⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵀⴰⵔⴰ; ''Amsefham Aɛlayen n Talahara'') is the constitution of the [[Talahara|United Communes of Talahara]]. Drafted over a period of three years between 1838 and 1841, the first two parts of the Supreme Consensus enshrined the rights and freedoms of all persons in Talahara, in addition to democratic and usufructary rights. Part three of the Supreme Consensus was completed later in 1841 and codified the roles of the three branches of government and divisions of power between national, regional, and communal levels of government. Both laws created by the [[Supreme Legislative Council (Talahara)|Legislative Councils of Talahara]] and the executive functions of government must abide by the protections and limitations enshrined by the Supreme Consensus. Constitutional principles are also used alongside Talaharan customary legal principles to interpret laws. The Supreme Consensus has been amended a total of four times. These amendments include the addition of the third part, electoral reform, and the addition of new rights and protections. Constitutional amendments require the passage of a provision by a two-thirds supermajority in the Supreme Legislative Council (34 of 50 members) and subsequent ratification by a two-thirds supermajority by the membership of the 1,250 Communal Legislative Councils in Talahara (8,334 of 12,500 members). ('''[[Supreme Consensus of Talahara|See more...]]''')


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Latest revision as of 01:03, 10 July 2024

Talaharan Constitution Sample.png

The Supreme Consensus of Talahara (Takelat: ⴰⵎⵙⴻⴼⵀⴰⵎ ⴰⵄⵍⴰⵢⴻⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵀⴰⵔⴰ; Amsefham Aɛlayen n Talahara) is the constitution of the United Communes of Talahara. Drafted over a period of three years between 1838 and 1841, the first two parts of the Supreme Consensus enshrined the rights and freedoms of all persons in Talahara, in addition to democratic and usufructary rights. Part three of the Supreme Consensus was completed later in 1841 and codified the roles of the three branches of government and divisions of power between national, regional, and communal levels of government. Both laws created by the Legislative Councils of Talahara and the executive functions of government must abide by the protections and limitations enshrined by the Supreme Consensus. Constitutional principles are also used alongside Talaharan customary legal principles to interpret laws. The Supreme Consensus has been amended a total of four times. These amendments include the addition of the third part, electoral reform, and the addition of new rights and protections. Constitutional amendments require the passage of a provision by a two-thirds supermajority in the Supreme Legislative Council (34 of 50 members) and subsequent ratification by a two-thirds supermajority by the membership of the 1,250 Communal Legislative Councils in Talahara (8,334 of 12,500 members). (See more...)

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