Chancellor of Germany (TNO:ANM): Difference between revisions

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| body                    = the Reich
| body                    = the Reich
| native_name            = {{lang|de|Reichskanzler}} ({{wp|German language|German}})
| native_name            = {{lang|de|Reichskanzler}} ({{wp|German language|German}})
| insignia                =  
| insignia                = Bundesadler_Bundesorgane.svg
| insigniasize            =  
| insigniasize            =  
| insigniacaption        =  
| insigniacaption        =  
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| footnotes              = reichskanzlei.de
| footnotes              = reichskanzlei.de
}}
}}
The '''chancellor of Germany''', officially the '''chancellor of the Reich''', ({{wp|German language|German}}: {{lang|de|Reichskanzler}}) is the {{wp|head of government}} of [[Germany (TNO:ANM)|Germany]].
The '''chancellor of Germany''', officially the '''chancellor of the Reich''', ({{wp|German language|German}}: {{lang|de|Reichskanzler}}) is the {{wp|head of government}} of [[Germany (TNO:ANM)|Germany]]. Along with the [[Reichministers of Germany|Reichsministers]], he forms the [[Cabinet of Germany (TNO:ANM)|national government]] and determines the {{wp|guidelines}} of their policy. The chancellor is considered the highest official, though by the {{wp|order of precedence}} the chancellor only ranks third place.
 
The chancellor is elected by the [[Reichstag (TNO:ANM)|Reichstag]] on the advice of the [[President of Germany (TNO:ANM)|president]], and then appointed by the president and sworn in by the [[President of the Reichstag (TNO:ANM)|president of the Reichstag]].


Germany has a {{wp|semi-presidential system}} in which the {{wp|executive branch}} is divided between the [[President of Germany (TNO:ANM)|Reich President]] and the [[Government of Germany (TNO:ANM)|Reich Government]], with the chancellor heading the Reich Government. The chancellor is responsible for determining policies and guidelines, and determines whether or not the management of the Reich ministries comply with these policies and or guidelines.


== List of officeholders ==
== List of officeholders ==
Line 447: Line 448:
| party            = Nazi Party (TNO:ANM)|NSDAP
| party            = Nazi Party (TNO:ANM)|NSDAP
| cabinet          = {{wp|Hitler cabinet|Hitler}}<br>[[Nazi Party (TNO:ANM)|NSDAP]]–{{wp|DNVP}}
| cabinet          = {{wp|Hitler cabinet|Hitler}}<br>[[Nazi Party (TNO:ANM)|NSDAP]]–{{wp|DNVP}}
}}
{{Officeholder table end}}
=== [[Nazi Germany (TNO:ANM)|Nazi Germany]] (1933-1976) ===
{{Officeholder table start
| showorder          = n
| showimage          = y
| image_title        = Portrait
| officeholder_title = {{lang|de|Reichskanzler}}
| showtermlenght    = y
| showelection      = n
| showparty          = y
| showcabinet        = y
}}
{{Officeholder table
| image            = Hitler_portrait_crop.jpg
| officeholder      = [[Adolf Hitler (TNO:ANM)|Adolf Hitler]]
| officeholder_sort = Hitler, Adolf
| officeholder_note = from 1934 {{wp|Führer|''Führer und Reichskanzler''}}
| born_year        = 1889
| died_year        = 1963
| died              =
| term_start        = 24 March 1933
| term_end          = 15 October 1963
| timeinoffice      = {{ayd|1933|03|24|1963|10|15}}
| party            = Nazi Party (TNO:ANM)|NSDAP
| cabinet          = {{wp|Hitler cabinet|Hitler}}<br>[[Nazi Party (TNO:ANM)|NSDAP]]
}}
{{Officeholder table
| image            = Albert speer 1943.jpg
| officeholder      = [[Albert Speer (TNO:ANM)|Albert Speer]]
| officeholder_sort = Speer, Albert
| officeholder_note = Recognized as ''Führer'' and Chancellor 23 March 1964
| born_year        = 1905
| died_year        = 1980
| died              =
| term_start        = 23 March 1964
| term_end          = 3 April 1977
| timeinoffice      = {{ayd|1964|03|23|1977|04|03}}
| party            = Nazi Party (TNO:ANM)|NSDAP
| cabinet          = [[Speer cabinet (TNO:ANM)|Speer]]<br>[[Nazi Party (TNO:ANM)|NSDAP]]
}}
{{Officeholder table
| image = Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F024017-0001, Oberhausen, CDU-Parteitag Rheinland, Kiesinger.jpg (cropped) (2).jpg
| officeholder = {{wp|Kurt Georg Kiesinger}}
|officeholder_sort = Kiesinger, Kurt Georg
|officeholder_note = Interim chancellor until elections in 1978
|born_year = 1904
|died_year = 1988
|term_start = 3 April 1977
|term_end = 13 March 1978
|timeinoffice = {{ayd|1977|04|03|1978|03|13}}
|party = German People's Party (TNO:ANM)|DVP
|cabinet = [[Kiesinger cabinet (TNO:ANM)|Kiesinger]]<br>[[German People's Party (TNO:ANM)|DVP]]{{efn|Retroactively affiliated with the DVP: during the time of his chancellorship, he was an independent politician.}}
}}
{{notelist}}
{{Officeholder table end}}
=== German Reich (1978 - ) ===
{{Officeholder table start
| showorder          = n
| showimage          = y
| image_title        = Portrait
| officeholder_title = {{lang|de|Reichskanzler}}
| showtermlenght    = y
| showelection      = n
| showparty          = y
| showcabinet        = y
}}
{{Officeholder table
| image = Bundeskanzler_Helmut_Schmidt.jpg
| officeholder = {{wp|Helmut Schmidt}}
|officeholder_sort = Schmidt, Helmut
|officeholder_note =
|born_year = 1918
|died_year = 2015
|term_start = 13 March 1978
|term_end = 1 October 1982
|timeinoffice = {{ayd|1978|03|13|1982|10|01}}
|party = Liberal Democratic Party of Germany (TNO:ANM)|LDPD
|cabinet = [[Schmidt cabinet (TNO:ANM)|Schmidt]]<br>[[Liberal Democratic Party of Germany (TNO:ANM)|LDPD]]–[[German People's Party (TNO:ANM)|DVP]]
}}
{{Officeholder table
| image = Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F061789-0021, Hamburg, CDU-Bundesparteitag, Barzel.jpg
| officeholder = {{wp|Rainer Barzel}}
|officeholder_sort = Barzel, Rainer
|officeholder_note =
|born_year = 1924
|died_year = 2006
|term_start = 1 October 1982
|term_end = 25 October 1984
|timeinoffice = {{ayd|1982|10|01|1984|10|25}}
|party = German People's Party (TNO:ANM)|DVP
|cabinet = [[Barzel cabinet (TNO:ANM)|Barzel]]<br>[[German People's Party (TNO:ANM)|DVP]]–[[Liberal Democratic Party of Germany (TNO:ANM)|LDPD]]
}}
{{Officeholder table
| image = Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F079283-0006, Münster, SPD-Parteitag, Vogel (cropped).jpg
| officeholder = {{wp|Hans-Jochen Vogel}}
|officeholder_sort = Vogel, Hans-Jochen
|officeholder_note =
|born_year = 1926
|died_year = 2020
|term_start = 25 October 1984
|term_end = 29 May 1991
|timeinoffice = {{ayd|1984|10|25|1991|05|29}}
|party = Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany (TNO:ANM)|SDAP
|cabinet = [[Vogel cabinet (TNO:ANM)|Vogel]]<br>[[Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany (TNO:ANM)|SDAP]]–[[Liberal Democratic Party of Germany (TNO:ANM)|LDPD]]
}}
{{Officeholder table
| image = Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F063645-0024, Pullach, Besuch Carstens beim BND (cropped).jpg
| officeholder = {{wp|Klaus Kinkel}}
|officeholder_sort = Kinkel, Klaus
|officeholder_note =
|born_year = 1936
|died_year = 2019
|term_start = 29 May 1991
|term_end = 26 October 1994
|timeinoffice = {{ayd|1991|05|29|1994|10|26}}
|party = Liberal Democratic Party of Germany (TNO:ANM)|LDPD
|cabinet = [[Kinkel cabinet (TNO:ANM)|Kinkel]]<br>[[Liberal Democratic Party of Germany (TNO:ANM)|LDPD]]–[[Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany (TNO:ANM)|SDAP]]
}}
{{Officeholder table
| image = Helmut_Kohl_(1996)_cropped.jpg
| officeholder = {{wp|Helmut Kohl}}
|officeholder_sort = Kohl, Helmut
|officeholder_note =
|born_year = 1930
|died_year = 2017
|term_start = 26 October 1994
|term_end = 7 November 1998
|timeinoffice = {{ayd|1994|10|26|1998|11|7}}
|party = German People's Party (TNO:ANM)|DVP
|cabinet = [[Kohl cabinet (TNO:ANM)|Kohl]]<br>[[German People's Party (TNO:ANM)|DVP]]–[[Liberal Democratic Party of Germany (TNO:ANM)|LDPD]]
}}
{{Officeholder table
| image = Edmund Stoiber 2.jpg
| officeholder = {{wp|Edmund Stoiber}}
|officeholder_sort = Stoiber, Edmund
|officeholder_note =
|born_year = 1941
|died_year =
|term_start = 7 November 1998
|term_end = 18 September 2006
|timeinoffice = {{ayd|1998|11|7|2006|9|18}}
|party = German People's Party (TNO:ANM)|DVP
|cabinet = [[Stoiber cabinet (TNO:ANM)|Stoiber]]<br>[[German People's Party (TNO:ANM)|DVP]]–[[Liberal Democratic Party of Germany (TNO:ANM)|LDPD]]
}}
{{Officeholder table
| image = Gerhard_Schroeder_MUC-20050910-01_(cropped).jpg
| officeholder = {{wp|Gerhard Schröder}}
|officeholder_sort = Schröder, Gerhard
|officeholder_note =
|born_year = 1944
|died_year =
|term_start = 18 September 2006
|term_end = 21 March 2009
|timeinoffice = {{ayd|2006|09|18|2009|03|21}}
|party = Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany (TNO:ANM)|SDAP
|cabinet = [[Schröder cabinet (TNO:ANM)|Stoiber]]<br>[[Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany (TNO:ANM)|SDAP]]–[[German People's Party (TNO:ANM)|DVP]]
}}
{{Officeholder table
| image = Angela_Merkel_2009a_(cropped).jpg
| officeholder = {{wp|Angela Merkel|Angela Kasner}}
|officeholder_sort = Kasner, Angela
|officeholder_note =
|born_year = 1954
|died_year =
|term_start = 21 March 2009
|term_end = 22 November 2011
|timeinoffice = {{ayd|2009|03|21|2011|11|22}}
|party = German People's Party (TNO:ANM)|DVP
|cabinet = [[First Kasner cabinet (TNO:ANM)|Kasner I]]<br>[[German People's Party (TNO:ANM)|DVP]]–[[Liberal Democratic Party of Germany (TNO:ANM)|LDPD]]
}}
{{Officeholder table
| image = Sigmar Gabriel (2012).jpg
| officeholder = {{wp|Sigmar Gabriel}}
|officeholder_sort = Gabriel, Sigmar
|officeholder_note =
|born_year = 1959
|died_year =
|term_start = 22 November 2011
|term_end = 19 March 2013
|timeinoffice = {{ayd|2011|11|22|2013|03|19}}
|party = Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany (TNO:ANM)|SDAP
|cabinet = [[Gabriel cabinet (TNO:ANM)|Gabriel]]<br>[[Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany (TNO:ANM)|SDAP]]–[[German People's Party (TNO:ANM)|DVP]]–[[Liberal Democratic Party of Germany (TNO:ANM)|LDPD]]
}}
{{Officeholder table
| image = Angela Merkel 2013 (cropped).jpg
| officeholder = Angela Kasner
|officeholder_sort = Kasner, Angela
|officeholder_note =
|born_year = 1954
|died_year =
|term_start = 19 March 2013
|term_end = 7 December 2018
|timeinoffice = {{ayd|2013|03|19|2018|12|07}}
|party = German People's Party (TNO:ANM)|DVP
|cabinet = [[Second Kasner cabinet (TNO:ANM)|Kasner II]]<br>[[German People's Party (TNO:ANM)|DVP]]–[[Liberal Democratic Party of Germany (TNO:ANM)|LDPD]]–[[Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany (TNO:ANM)|SDAP]]
}}
{{Officeholder table
| image = Frank-Walter Steinmeier - 2018 (cropped) 2.jpg
| officeholder = {{wp|Frank-Walter Steinmeier}}
|officeholder_sort = Steinmeier, Frank-Walter
|officeholder_note =
|born_year = 1956
|died_year =
|term_start = 7 December 2018
|term_end = 27 January 2024
|timeinoffice = {{ayd|2018|12|7|2024|01|27}}
|party = Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany (TNO:ANM)|SDAP
|cabinet = [[Steinmeier cabinet (TNO:ANM)|Steinmeier]]<br>[[Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany (TNO:ANM)|SDAP]]–[[German People's Party (TNO:ANM)|DVP]]–[[Liberal Democratic Party of Germany (TNO:ANM)|LDPD]]
}}
{{Officeholder table
| image = 2021-06-16 Jens Spahn 0894.JPG
| officeholder = {{wp|Jens Spahn}}
|officeholder_sort = Spahn, Jens
|officeholder_note =
|born_year = 1980
|died_year =
|term_start = 27 January 2024
|term_end =
|timeinoffice = {{ayd|2024|1|27}}
|party = German People's Party (TNO:ANM)|DVP
|cabinet = [[Spahn cabinet (TNO:ANM)|Spahn]]<br>[[German People's Party (TNO:ANM)|DVP]]–[[Liberal Democratic Party of Germany (TNO:ANM)|LDPD]]
}}
}}
{{Officeholder table end}}
{{Officeholder table end}}
[[Category:TNO:ANM]]
[[Category:TNO:ANM]]

Latest revision as of 23:23, 4 August 2024

Chancellor of the Reich
Reichskanzler (German)
Bundesadler Bundesorgane.svg
Flag of the Chancellor of Germany.svg
Standard of the chancellor
Olaf Scholz, 15-12-2022 (1) (cropped).jpg
Incumbent
Olaf Scholz
since 6 July 2020
Reich Government
StyleMr. Chancellor
(informal)
His Excellency
(diplomatic)
TypeHead of government
AppointerPresident of Germany
Term length4 years, renewable
Constituting instrumentGerman constitution
Inaugural holderOtto von Bismarck
Formation21 March 1871; 153 years ago (1871-03-21)
Salaryℛ︁ℳ︁400,000
reichskanzlei.de

The chancellor of Germany, officially the chancellor of the Reich, (German: Reichskanzler) is the head of government of Germany. Along with the Reichsministers, he forms the national government and determines the guidelines of their policy. The chancellor is considered the highest official, though by the order of precedence the chancellor only ranks third place.

The chancellor is elected by the Reichstag on the advice of the president, and then appointed by the president and sworn in by the president of the Reichstag.


List of officeholders

† denotes people who died in office.

North German Confederation (1867-1871)

Portrait Bundeskanzler Took office Left office Time in office Party
Otto von Bismarck
von Bismarck, OttoOtto von Bismarck
(1815–1898)		1 July 186721 March 18713 years, 263 days Non partisan

German Empire (1871-1918)

Portrait Reichskanzler Took office Left office Time in office Party Cabinet
Otto von Bismarck
von Bismarck, OttoOtto von Bismarck
(1815–1898)		21 March 187120 March 189018 years, 364 days Non partisanBismarck
Leo von Caprivi
von Caprivi, LeoLeo von Caprivi
(1831–1899)		20 March 189026 October 18944 years, 220 days Non partisanCaprivi
Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst
zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, ChlodwigChlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst
(1819–1901)		29 October 189417 October 19005 years, 353 days Non partisanHohenlohe-Schillingsfürst
Bernhard von Bülow
von Bülow, BernhardBernhard von Bülow
(1849–1929)		17 October 190014 July 19098 years, 270 days Non partisanBülow
Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg
von Bethmann Hollweg, TheobaldTheobald von Bethmann Hollweg
(1856–1921)		14 July 190913 July 19177 years, 364 days Non partisanBethmann Hollweg
Georg Michaelis
Michaelis, GeorgGeorg Michaelis
(1857–1936)		14 July 19171 November 1917111 days Non partisanMichaelis cabinet
Georg von Hertling
von Hertling, GeorgGeorg von Hertling
(1843–1919)		1 November 191730 September 1918333 days CentreHertling
Max von Baden
von Baden, MaxMax von Baden
(1867–1929)		3 October 19189 November 191837 days Non partisanBaden

Weimar Republic (1918-1933)

Portrait Reichskanzler Took office Left office Time in office Party Cabinet
Friedrich Ebert
Ebert, FriedrichFriedrich Ebert
(1871–1925)		9 November 191813 February 191996 days SPDCouncil of the People's Deputies
SPD–USPD
(as of 29 December 1918 SPD alone)
Philipp Scheidemann
Scheidemann, PhilippPhilipp Scheidemann
(1865–1939)		13 February 191920 June 1919127 days SPDScheidemann
SPD–DDP–Z
(Weimar Coalition)
Gustav Bauer
Bauer, GustavGustav Bauer
(1870–1944)		21 June 191926 March 1920279 days SPDBauer
SPD–DDP–Z
(Weimar Coalition)
Hermann Müller
Müller, HermannHermann Müller
(1876–1931)		27 March 192021 June 192086 days SPDMüller I
SPD–DDP–Z
(Weimar Coalition)
Constantin Fehrenbach
Fehrenbach, ConstantinConstantin Fehrenbach
(1852–1926)		25 June 192010 May 1921319 days CentreFehrenbach
Z–DDP–DVP
Joseph Wirth
Wirth, JosephJoseph Wirth
(1879–1956)		10 May 192122 November 19221 year, 196 days CentreWirth I
Z–SPD–DDP
(Weimar Coalition)
Wirth II
Z–SPD–DDP
(Weimar Coalition)
Wilhelm Cuno
Cuno, WilhelmWilhelm Cuno
(1876–1933)		22 November 192212 August 1923263 days Non partisanCuno
Ind.–DVP–DDP–Z–BVP
Gustav Stresemann
Stresemann, GustavGustav Stresemann
(1878–1929)		13 August 192330 November 1923109 days DVPStresemann I
DVP–SPD–Z–DDP
Stresemann II
DVP–SPD–Z–DDP
Wilhelm Marx
Marx, WilhelmWilhelm Marx
(1863–1946)		30 November 192315 January 19251 year, 46 days CentreMarx I
Z–DVP–BVP–DDP
Marx II
Z–DVP–DDP
Hans Luther
Luther, HansHans Luther
(1879–1962)		15 January 192512 May 19261 year, 117 days Non partisanLuther I
DVP–DNVP–Z–DDP–BVP
Luther II
DVP–Z–DDP–BVP
Wilhelm Marx
Marx, WilhelmWilhelm Marx
(1863–1946)		17 May 192628 June 19282 years, 42 days CentreMarx III
Z–DVP–DDP–BVP
Marx IV
Z–DNVP–DVP–BVP
Hermann Müller
Müller, HermannHermann Müller
(1876–1931)		28 June 192827 March 19301 year, 272 days SPDMüller II
SPD–DVP–DDP–Z–BVP
Heinrich Brüning
Brüning, HeinrichHeinrich Brüning
(1885–1970)		30 March 193030 May 19322 years, 61 days CentreBrüning I
Z–DDP–DVP–WF–BVP–KVP
Brüning II
Z–DSP–BVP–KVP–CLV
Franz von Papen
von Papen, FranzFranz von Papen
(1879–1969)		1 June 19323 December 1932185 days Non partisanPapen I
Ind.–DNVP
Kurt von Schleicher
von Schleicher, KurtKurt von Schleicher
(1882–1934)		3 December 193230 January 193358 days Non partisanSchleicher I
Ind.–DNVP
Adolf Hitler
Hitler, AdolfAdolf Hitler
(1889–1963)		30 January 193324 March 193353 days NSDAPHitler
NSDAP–DNVP

Nazi Germany (1933-1976)

  1. ↑ Retroactively affiliated with the DVP: during the time of his chancellorship, he was an independent politician.
Portrait Reichskanzler Took office Left office Time in office Party Cabinet
Adolf Hitler
Hitler, AdolfAdolf Hitler
(1889–1963)
from 1934 Führer und Reichskanzler		24 March 193315 October 196330 years, 205 days NSDAPHitler
NSDAP
Albert Speer
Speer, AlbertAlbert Speer
(1905–1980)
Recognized as Führer and Chancellor 23 March 1964		23 March 19643 April 197713 years, 11 days NSDAPSpeer
NSDAP
Kurt Georg Kiesinger
Kiesinger, Kurt GeorgKurt Georg Kiesinger
(1904–1988)
Interim chancellor until elections in 1978		3 April 197713 March 1978344 days German People's Party (TNO:ANM)Kiesinger
DVP[a]

German Reich (1978 - )

Portrait Reichskanzler Took office Left office Time in office Party Cabinet
Helmut Schmidt
Schmidt, HelmutHelmut Schmidt
(1918–2015)		13 March 19781 October 19824 years, 202 days Liberal Democratic Party of Germany (TNO:ANM)Schmidt
LDPD–DVP
Rainer Barzel
Barzel, RainerRainer Barzel
(1924–2006)		1 October 198225 October 19842 years, 24 days German People's Party (TNO:ANM)Barzel
DVP–LDPD
Hans-Jochen Vogel
Vogel, Hans-JochenHans-Jochen Vogel
(1926–2020)		25 October 198429 May 19916 years, 216 days SDAPVogel
SDAP–LDPD
Klaus Kinkel
Kinkel, KlausKlaus Kinkel
(1936–2019)		29 May 199126 October 19943 years, 150 days Liberal Democratic Party of Germany (TNO:ANM)Kinkel
LDPD–SDAP
Helmut Kohl
Kohl, HelmutHelmut Kohl
(1930–2017)		26 October 19947 November 19984 years, 12 days German People's Party (TNO:ANM)Kohl
DVP–LDPD
Edmund Stoiber
Stoiber, EdmundEdmund Stoiber
(born 1941)		7 November 199818 September 20067 years, 315 days German People's Party (TNO:ANM)Stoiber
DVP–LDPD
Gerhard Schröder
Schröder, GerhardGerhard Schröder
(born 1944)		18 September 200621 March 20092 years, 184 days SDAPStoiber
SDAP–DVP
Angela Kasner
Kasner, AngelaAngela Kasner
(born 1954)		21 March 200922 November 20112 years, 246 days German People's Party (TNO:ANM)Kasner I
DVP–LDPD
Sigmar Gabriel
Gabriel, SigmarSigmar Gabriel
(born 1959)		22 November 201119 March 20131 year, 117 days SDAPGabriel
SDAP–DVP–LDPD
Angela Kasner
Kasner, AngelaAngela Kasner
(born 1954)		19 March 20137 December 20185 years, 263 days German People's Party (TNO:ANM)Kasner II
DVP–LDPD–SDAP
Frank-Walter Steinmeier
Steinmeier, Frank-WalterFrank-Walter Steinmeier
(born 1956)		7 December 201827 January 20245 years, 51 days SDAPSteinmeier
SDAP–DVP–LDPD
Jens Spahn
Spahn, JensJens Spahn
(born 1980)		27 January 2024304 days German People's Party (TNO:ANM)Spahn
DVP–LDPD
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