Chancellor of Germany (TNO:ANM)

Chancellor of the Reich
Reichskanzler (German)
Standard of the chancellor
Incumbent Olaf Scholz since 6 July 2020
Reich Government
Style	Mr. Chancellor (informal) His Excellency (diplomatic)
Type	Head of government
Appointer	President of Germany
Term length	4 years, renewable
Constituting instrument	German constitution
Inaugural holder	Otto von Bismarck
Formation	21 March 1871 (1871-03-21)
Salary	ℛ︁ℳ︁400,000
reichskanzlei.de

The chancellor of Germany, officially the chancellor of the Reich, (German: Reichskanzler) is the head of government of Germany. Along with the Reichsministers, he forms the national government and determines the guidelines of their policy. The chancellor is considered the highest official, though by the order of precedence the chancellor only ranks third place.

The chancellor is elected by the Reichstag on the advice of the president, and then appointed by the president and sworn in by the president of the Reichstag.

List of officeholders

† denotes people who died in office.

North German Confederation (1867-1871)

Portrait	Bundeskanzler	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Party
	von Bismarck, OttoOtto von Bismarck (1815–1898)	1 July 1867	21 March 1871	3 years, 263 days		Non partisan

German Empire (1871-1918)

Portrait	Reichskanzler	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Party		Cabinet
	von Bismarck, OttoOtto von Bismarck (1815–1898)	21 March 1871	20 March 1890	18 years, 364 days		Non partisan	Bismarck
	von Caprivi, LeoLeo von Caprivi (1831–1899)	20 March 1890	26 October 1894	4 years, 220 days		Non partisan	Caprivi
	zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, ChlodwigChlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1819–1901)	29 October 1894	17 October 1900	5 years, 353 days		Non partisan	Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst
	von Bülow, BernhardBernhard von Bülow (1849–1929)	17 October 1900	14 July 1909	8 years, 270 days		Non partisan	Bülow
	von Bethmann Hollweg, TheobaldTheobald von Bethmann Hollweg (1856–1921)	14 July 1909	13 July 1917	7 years, 364 days		Non partisan	Bethmann Hollweg
	Michaelis, GeorgGeorg Michaelis (1857–1936)	14 July 1917	1 November 1917	111 days		Non partisan	Michaelis cabinet
	von Hertling, GeorgGeorg von Hertling (1843–1919)	1 November 1917	30 September 1918	333 days		Centre	Hertling
	von Baden, MaxMax von Baden (1867–1929)	3 October 1918	9 November 1918	37 days		Non partisan	Baden

Weimar Republic (1918-1933)

Portrait	Reichskanzler	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Party		Cabinet
	Ebert, FriedrichFriedrich Ebert (1871–1925)	9 November 1918	13 February 1919	96 days		SPD	Council of the People's Deputies SPD–USPD (as of 29 December 1918 SPD alone)
	Scheidemann, PhilippPhilipp Scheidemann (1865–1939)	13 February 1919	20 June 1919	127 days		SPD	Scheidemann SPD–DDP–Z (Weimar Coalition)
	Bauer, GustavGustav Bauer (1870–1944)	21 June 1919	26 March 1920	279 days		SPD	Bauer SPD–DDP–Z (Weimar Coalition)
	Müller, HermannHermann Müller (1876–1931)	27 March 1920	21 June 1920	86 days		SPD	Müller I SPD–DDP–Z (Weimar Coalition)
	Fehrenbach, ConstantinConstantin Fehrenbach (1852–1926)	25 June 1920	10 May 1921	319 days		Centre	Fehrenbach Z–DDP–DVP
	Wirth, JosephJoseph Wirth (1879–1956)	10 May 1921	22 November 1922	1 year, 196 days		Centre	Wirth I Z–SPD–DDP (Weimar Coalition) Wirth II Z–SPD–DDP (Weimar Coalition)
	Cuno, WilhelmWilhelm Cuno (1876–1933)	22 November 1922	12 August 1923	263 days		Non partisan	Cuno Ind.–DVP–DDP–Z–BVP
	Stresemann, GustavGustav Stresemann (1878–1929)	13 August 1923	30 November 1923	109 days		DVP	Stresemann I DVP–SPD–Z–DDP Stresemann II DVP–SPD–Z–DDP
	Marx, WilhelmWilhelm Marx (1863–1946)	30 November 1923	15 January 1925	1 year, 46 days		Centre	Marx I Z–DVP–BVP–DDP Marx II Z–DVP–DDP
	Luther, HansHans Luther (1879–1962)	15 January 1925	12 May 1926	1 year, 117 days		Non partisan	Luther I DVP–DNVP–Z–DDP–BVP Luther II DVP–Z–DDP–BVP
	Marx, WilhelmWilhelm Marx (1863–1946)	17 May 1926	28 June 1928	2 years, 42 days		Centre	Marx III Z–DVP–DDP–BVP Marx IV Z–DNVP–DVP–BVP
	Müller, HermannHermann Müller (1876–1931)	28 June 1928	27 March 1930	1 year, 272 days		SPD	Müller II SPD–DVP–DDP–Z–BVP
	Brüning, HeinrichHeinrich Brüning (1885–1970)	30 March 1930	30 May 1932	2 years, 61 days		Centre	Brüning I Z–DDP–DVP–WF–BVP–KVP Brüning II Z–DSP–BVP–KVP–CLV
	von Papen, FranzFranz von Papen (1879–1969)	1 June 1932	3 December 1932	185 days		Non partisan	Papen I Ind.–DNVP
	von Schleicher, KurtKurt von Schleicher (1882–1934)	3 December 1932	30 January 1933	58 days		Non partisan	Schleicher I Ind.–DNVP
	Hitler, AdolfAdolf Hitler (1889–1963)	30 January 1933	24 March 1933	53 days		NSDAP	Hitler NSDAP–DNVP

Nazi Germany (1933-1976)

Portrait	Reichskanzler	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Party		Cabinet
	Hitler, AdolfAdolf Hitler (1889–1963) from 1934 Führer und Reichskanzler	24 March 1933	15 October 1963	30 years, 205 days		NSDAP	Hitler NSDAP
	Speer, AlbertAlbert Speer (1905–1980) Recognized as Führer and Chancellor 23 March 1964	23 March 1964	3 April 1977	13 years, 11 days		NSDAP	Speer NSDAP
	Kiesinger, Kurt GeorgKurt Georg Kiesinger (1904–1988) Interim chancellor until elections in 1978	3 April 1977	13 March 1978	344 days		German People's Party (TNO:ANM)	Kiesinger DVP

German Reich (1978 - )

Portrait	Reichskanzler	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Party		Cabinet
	Schmidt, HelmutHelmut Schmidt (1918–2015)	13 March 1978	1 October 1982	4 years, 202 days		Liberal Democratic Party of Germany (TNO:ANM)	Schmidt LDPD–DVP
	Barzel, RainerRainer Barzel (1924–2006)	1 October 1982	25 October 1984	2 years, 24 days		German People's Party (TNO:ANM)	Barzel DVP–LDPD
	Vogel, Hans-JochenHans-Jochen Vogel (1926–2020)	25 October 1984	29 May 1991	6 years, 216 days		SDAP	Vogel SDAP–LDPD
	Kinkel, KlausKlaus Kinkel (1936–2019)	29 May 1991	26 October 1994	3 years, 150 days		Liberal Democratic Party of Germany (TNO:ANM)	Kinkel LDPD–SDAP
	Kohl, HelmutHelmut Kohl (1930–2017)	26 October 1994	7 November 1998	4 years, 12 days		German People's Party (TNO:ANM)	Kohl DVP–LDPD
	Stoiber, EdmundEdmund Stoiber (born 1941)	7 November 1998	18 September 2006	7 years, 315 days		German People's Party (TNO:ANM)	Stoiber DVP–LDPD
	Schröder, GerhardGerhard Schröder (born 1944)	18 September 2006	21 March 2009	2 years, 184 days		SDAP	Stoiber SDAP–DVP
	Kasner, AngelaAngela Kasner (born 1954)	21 March 2009	22 November 2011	2 years, 246 days		German People's Party (TNO:ANM)	Kasner I DVP–LDPD
	Gabriel, SigmarSigmar Gabriel (born 1959)	22 November 2011	19 March 2013	1 year, 117 days		SDAP	Gabriel SDAP–DVP–LDPD
	Kasner, AngelaAngela Kasner (born 1954)	19 March 2013	7 December 2018	5 years, 263 days		German People's Party (TNO:ANM)	Kasner II DVP–LDPD–SDAP
	Steinmeier, Frank-WalterFrank-Walter Steinmeier (born 1956)	7 December 2018	27 January 2024	5 years, 51 days		SDAP	Steinmeier SDAP–DVP–LDPD
	Spahn, JensJens Spahn (born 1980)	27 January 2024		329 days		German People's Party (TNO:ANM)	Spahn DVP–LDPD