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Khijovian language: Difference between revisions

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|name = Khijovian
|name = Khijovian
|altname =  
|altname =  
|nativename = ''Khijọvi''
|nativename = ''Khijovi''
|acceptance =  
|acceptance =  
|image =  
|image =  
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|dia1 =  
|dia1 =  
|dia2 = <!-- up to dia20 -->
|dia2 = <!-- up to dia20 -->
|script = {{wp|Latin alphabet|Latin (Khijovian alphabet)}}
|script = {{wp|Latin alphabet|Kveutonian (Khijovian alphabet)}}
|sign = Signed Khijovian
|sign = Signed Khijovian
|posteriori =  
|posteriori =  
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|notice = IPA
|notice = IPA
}}
}}
'''Khijovian''' ({{wp|endonym}}: ''Khijọvi'' [‘kɨjoːvi]), also known as '''Modern Standard Khijovian''', is a [[Claronic languages|Claronic]] {{wp|language}} of the [[Khijovic languages|Khijovic language family]], which is indigenous to the [[Khijovia|Khijovic region]] and unrelated to any other known language family. Khijovian is spoken primarily in [[Khijovia]] and in the southwestern cantons of [[Kyldigard]], with approximately 136 million native speakers, making it one of the most widely spoken languages in [[Sparkalia]].
'''Khijovian''' ({{wp|endonym}}: ''Khijovi'' [‘kɨjoːvi]), also referred to as '''Modern Standard Khijovian''', is an [[Khijovic languages|East Khijovic language]] within the [[Claronic languages|Claronic branch]], written in the {{wp|Latin alphabet|Kveutonian script}}. With approximately 136 million speakers, it is the official language of the [[Ascended Kingdom of Khijovia]] and ranks among the most widely spoken languages in [[Sparkalia]]. Khijovian is also recognized as a minority language in the southwestern cantons of [[Kyldigard]].
Linguistically, Khijovian shares a close relationship with the [[Koritian language]], from which it was originally derived. This relationship has led some linguists to classify Khijovian as a dialect of Koritian, although it has since evolved into a distinct language with its own standard form.
__TOC__ {{TOC right}}
__TOC__ {{TOC right}}
==Classification==
Khijovian belongs to the [[Claronic languages|Claronic branch]] of the [[Khijovic languages|Khijovic language family]], which also includes [[Kalkhovian language|Kalkhovian]], [[Carcassonian languag|Carcassonian]], [[Akrocanthian language|Akrocanthian]], and [[Koritian language|Koritian]]. Of these, Koritian is the most closely related to Khijovian, with the two languages sharing high mutual intelligibility.
==History==
==History==
The development of Khijovian as a standardized language began around 800 AR, drawing heavily from the [[Koritian language]]. Koritian exerted significant influence on early Khijovian literature, establishing it as the foundation for what would become the standard form of the language. This influence was largely due to the cultural prestige of numerous Koritian authors and the political and cultural importance of the [[Koritia|Grand Duchy of Koritia]] during that period. Koritia's central location and linguistic characteristics also made it a bridge between the northern and southern languages of the region.
The development of Khijovian as a standardized language began around 800 AR, drawing heavily from the [[Koritian language]]. Koritian exerted significant influence on early Khijovian literature, establishing it as the foundation for what would become the standard form of the language. This influence was largely due to the cultural prestige of numerous Koritian authors and the political and cultural importance of the [[Koritia|Republic of Koritia]] during that period. Koritia's central location and linguistic characteristics also made it a bridge between the northern and southern languages of the region.
By the 11th century, Khijovian had become the official language of all Khijovian states. Following the unification of Khijovia on July 11, 1161, it was declared the national language of the [[Kingdom of Khijovia]]. The vocabulary of Modern Standard Khijovian has been extensively influenced by the various regional languages spoken throughout the nation.
By the 11th century, Khijovian had become the {{wp|lingua franca}} of all Khijovian states. Following the unification of Khijovia on July 11, 1161, it was declared the national language of the [[Kingdom of Khijovia]]. The vocabulary of Modern Standard Khijovian has been extensively influenced by the various regional languages spoken throughout the nation.
 
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
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!'''Close'''
!'''Close'''
|{{IPA link|i}}  {{IPA link|y}}
|{{IPA link|i}}  {{IPA link|y}}
|{{IPA link|ɨ}}   {{IPA link|ʉ}} 
|{{IPA link|ɨ}}    
|{{IPA link|u}}
|{{IPA link|u}}
|-
|-
!'''Near-Close'''
!'''Near-Close'''
|
|
|{{IPA link|ɵ}}
|
|
|
|-
|-
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|
|
|}
|}
==Ortography==
===Alphabet===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Khijovian alphabet
! colspan="21" | {{wp|letter case|Majuscule forms}} (uppercase/capital letters)
|-
| A || Æ || B || C || Č || D || Đ || E || Ẹ || Ə || F || G || Ǧ || Ġ || H
| I || J || K || L || M || N
|-
| O || Œ || Ø || Ọ || P || Q || R || S || Š || T || Þ || U || Ụ || V || X
| Ẋ || Y || Z || Ž
|-
! colspan="21" | {{wp|letter case|Minuscule forms}} (lowercase/small letters)
|-
| a || æ || b || c || č || d || đ || e || ẹ || ə || f || g || ǧ || ġ || h
| i(ı) || j || k || l || m || n
|-
| o || œ || ø || ọ || p || q || r || s || š || t || þ || u || ụ || v || x
| ẋ || y || z || ž
|}
{|class=wikitable
{|class=wikitable
|+Vowels
|-
|-
!Grapheme
!Grapheme
!Notes
!{{wp|International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA}}
![[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
|-
|-
![[a]]
!{{wp|a}}
|{{IPAslink|a}}
|/{{IPA link|ä}}/
|
|-
|-
![[á]]
!{{wp|æ}}
|{{IPAslink|aː}}
|/{{IPA link|æ}}/ ''or'' /{{IPA link|ə}}/
|
|-
|-
![[e]]
!{{wp|e}}
|{{IPAslink|ɛ}}
|/{{IPA link|e}}/ ''or'' /{{IPA link|e̞}}/
|
|-
|-
![[é]]
!{{wp|ẹ}}
|{{IPAslink|ɛː}}
|/{{IPA link|ɛ}}/
|
|-
|-
![[ě]]
!{{wp|ə}}
|{{IPAslink|ɛ}}, {{IPA|/ʲɛ/}}
|/{{IPA link|ə}}/
|Marks palatalization of preceding consonant; see usage rules [[#Letter Ě|below]]
|-
|-
![[i]]
!{{wp|i}}
|{{IPAslink|ɪ}}
|/{{IPA link|i}}/ ''or'' /{{IPA link|ɨ}}/
|Palatalizes preceding {{angbr|d}}, {{angbr|t}}, or {{angbr|n}}; see usage rules [[#"Soft" I and "hard" Y|below]]
|-
|-
![[í]]
!{{wp|o}}
|{{IPAslink|iː}}
|/{{IPA link|o}}/
|Palatalizes preceding {{angbr|d}}, {{angbr|t}}, or {{angbr|n}}; see usage rules [[#"Soft" I and "hard" Y|below]]
|-
|-
![[o]]
!{{wp|œ}}
|{{IPAslink|o}}
|/{{IPA link|œ}}/
|
|-
|-
![[ó]]
!{{wp|ø}}
|{{IPAslink|oː}}
|/{{IPA link|ø}}/
|Occurs mostly in words of foreign origin.
|-
|-
![[u]]
!{{wp|ọ}}
|{{IPAslink|u}}
|/{{IPA link|ɔ}}/ ''or'' /{{IPA link|o̞}}/
|
|-
|-
![[ú]]
!{{wp|u}}
|{{IPAslink|uː}}
|/{{IPA link|u}}/
|See usage rules [[#Letter Ů|below]]
|-
|-
![[ů]]
!{{wp|ụ}}
|{{IPAslink|uː}}
|/{{IPA link|y}}/
|See usage rules [[#Letter Ů|below]]
|-
|-
![[y]]
!{{wp|y}}
|{{IPAslink|ɪ}}
|/{{IPA link|i}}/ ''or'' /{{IPA link|ɨ}}/
|See usage rules [[#"Soft" I and "hard" Y|below]]
|-
|-
![[ý]]
|{{IPAslink|iː}}
|See usage rules [[#"Soft" I and "hard" Y|below]]
|}
|}
==Ortography==
===Alphabet===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Khijovian alphabet
! colspan="21" | {{wp|letter case|Majuscule forms}} (uppercase/capital letters)
|-
| A || Æ || Â || Ă || B || C || Č || D || Đ || E || Ė || Ẹ || Ê || Ĕ
| Ə || F || G || Ǧ || Ġ || H || I
|-
| Î || Ĭ || J || K || L || M || N || O || Œ || Ø || Ọ || Ô || Ŏ || P || Q
| R || S || Š || T || Þ || U 
|-
| Ụ || Û || Ŭ || V || X || Ẋ || Y || Ŷ || Z || Ž
|-
! colspan="21" | {{wp|letter case|Minuscule forms}} (lowercase/small letters)
|-
| a || æ || â || ă || b || c || č || d || đ || e || ė || ẹ || ê || ĕ
| ə || f || g || ǧ || ġ || h || i(ı) 
|-
| î || ĭ || j || k || l || m || n || o || œ || ø || ọ || ô || ŏ || p || q
| r || s || š || t || þ || u 
|-
| ụ || û || ŭ || v || x || ẋ || y || ŷ || z || ž
|}


==Morphology==
==Morphology==

Latest revision as of 09:06, 3 November 2024

Khijovian
Khijovi
Pronunciation[‘kɨjoːvi]
Native toKhijovia
Date9th century AR
EraNova Antiquity
Early form
Kveutonian (Khijovian alphabet)
Signed Khijovian
Official status
Official language in
 Khijovia
Recognised minority
language in
Language codes
ISO 639-1khj
ISO 639-2khj
ISO 639-3khj
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For a guide to IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Khijovian (endonym: Khijovi [‘kɨjoːvi]), also referred to as Modern Standard Khijovian, is an East Khijovic language within the Claronic branch, written in the Kveutonian script. With approximately 136 million speakers, it is the official language of the Ascended Kingdom of Khijovia and ranks among the most widely spoken languages in Sparkalia. Khijovian is also recognized as a minority language in the southwestern cantons of Kyldigard. Linguistically, Khijovian shares a close relationship with the Koritian language, from which it was originally derived. This relationship has led some linguists to classify Khijovian as a dialect of Koritian, although it has since evolved into a distinct language with its own standard form.

Classification

Khijovian belongs to the Claronic branch of the Khijovic language family, which also includes Kalkhovian, Carcassonian, Akrocanthian, and Koritian. Of these, Koritian is the most closely related to Khijovian, with the two languages sharing high mutual intelligibility.

History

The development of Khijovian as a standardized language began around 800 AR, drawing heavily from the Koritian language. Koritian exerted significant influence on early Khijovian literature, establishing it as the foundation for what would become the standard form of the language. This influence was largely due to the cultural prestige of numerous Koritian authors and the political and cultural importance of the Republic of Koritia during that period. Koritia's central location and linguistic characteristics also made it a bridge between the northern and southern languages of the region. By the 11th century, Khijovian had become the lingua franca of all Khijovian states. Following the unification of Khijovia on July 11, 1161, it was declared the national language of the Kingdom of Khijovia. The vocabulary of Modern Standard Khijovian has been extensively influenced by the various regional languages spoken throughout the nation.

Phonology

Consonants

Bilabial Labio-
dental 		Linguo-
dental 		Dental Alveolar Post-
Alveolar 		Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal
Epiglottal 		Glottal
Nasal m ɱ n ɲ ŋ
Plosive p b t̪ d̪ c ɟ k g q
Sibilant Fricative s z ʃ ʒ
Non-Silibant Fricative β f v θ ð ç ʝ x ɣ h
Approximant j w
Trill r
Lateral Fricative ʎ̝
Lateral Approximant l ʎ
Sibilant Affricate t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close i y ɨ u
Near-Close
Close-Mid e ø o
Mid e̞ ə o̞
Open-Mid ɛ ɔ
Near-Open
Open ä

Ortography

Alphabet

Khijovian alphabet
Majuscule forms (uppercase/capital letters)
A Æ B C Č D Đ E Ẹ Ə F G Ǧ Ġ H I J K L M N
O Œ Ø Ọ P Q R S Š T Þ U Ụ V X Ẋ Y Z Ž
Minuscule forms (lowercase/small letters)
a æ b c č d đ e ẹ ə f g ǧ ġ h i(ı) j k l m n
o œ ø ọ p q r s š t þ u ụ v x ẋ y z ž
Vowels
Grapheme IPA
a /ä/
æ /æ/ or /ə/
e /e/ or /e̞/
ẹ /ɛ/
ə /ə/
i /i/ or /ɨ/
o /o/
œ /œ/
ø /ø/
ọ /ɔ/ or /o̞/
u /u/
ụ /y/
y /i/ or /ɨ/

Morphology

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