User:Holynia/Sandbox4

Holyn Socialist States

Union of Holyně Socialist States Zväzu Holynska Socialistických Štátov
Capital	Cizekporok
Demonym(s)	Holyn
Government	One-party socialist republic
...

History

The continuing crisis in Holynia was exasperated by the 1921 founding of the Holyn Workers Party. Communist leader Volen Hajek founded People's Councils in Bystrica and Uhrov. The councils were formed of popularly elected workers and peasants. The Bystrica people's council rivaled the city council in issuing decrees. Members of the police force in Bystrica declared allegiance to the People's Council. The People's Councils were declared illegal by the monarchy in Cizekporok. Kováč II sent soldiers to Bystrica in an attempt to stop the councils from operating, however these attempts failed. A general strike was declared by coal miners in northern Hornatyia in solidarity with the People's Councils in Bystrica and Uhrov. In an attempt to placate the escalating crisis, the King gave up certain powers to the legislature. The legislature was enlarged and an executive branch was formed, officially ending direct rule by the monarchy. The Workers' Party agreed to participate in the enlarged Narodna Rada. The first election was held in 1923, with the Workers' Party taking the second largest number of seats. Discontent with being in the opposition, the Workers' Party continued to undermine the government.

By 1926, fighting between the Popular Army of the Workers Party and the monarchist army had erupted. The Workers Party exerted control over most of northern Hornatyia and western Masovia, while Kováč II's allies controlled central Hornatyia and all of Bogoria. Heavy fighting centered on the city of Uhrov and the midland region of Hornatyia. Cizekporok was surrounded in October 1924 and King Kováč II was evacuated to the overseas territory of Skoskie which was pro-monarchy. The monarchy and the deposed Holyn government declared an independent state in Skoskie. The war claimed casualties of around 3 million, mainly civilians.

Hajek's government ensued on a campaign of mass nationalisation, seizing land, businesses and industry. Hajek's economic policy heavily favored industry and massive subsidies were granted to rebuild much of Holynia's post war industry. Small private business were permitted to operate and peasants were allowed to sell surplus product on the open market. The state allowed both peasant and collective farms to operate side by side. Hajek's government utilised the SRB to arrest, execute or relocate thousands of peasants whose farms were chosen for collectivization. The large cities of Holynia saw rapid increases in the rate of urbanisation, as peasants relocated seeking employment. By 1930, Holynia's economic output surpassed pre war levels.

The early 1930s saw Hajek centralize control in Cizekporok. A new constitution was adopted in 1931, granting broad powers to the central government in Cizekporok. The Workers' Party was given a constitutional role and political opposition was largely outlawed. Political repression also increased in the 1930s. The SRB forcibly deported tens of thousands of Bogorian civilians to northern Hornatyia to work in coal mines. Internal exile became widespread as Hajek sought to remove political enemies and rivals. By 1935, Hajek's economic policies had managed to reduce unemployment by 25%. Despite the economic growth, rural areas of Holynia faced low standards of living in comparison to the large cities. The 1937 Cizekporok agreement saw Holynia relinquish territorial claims to the former colony of Skoskie. In return both states agreed to mutual diplomatic recognition.

Military vehicles in Utena during the 1957 Bogorian unrest.

Volen Hajek's death in 1941 was followed by an internal power struggle. Jan Kříž emerged as the new leader of Holynia. Kříž emphasized continuing collectivization of farming and growing authoritarian rule. Kříž embarked on a campaign of international communism unseen under Hajek. The 1940s would see the defence budget relative to GDP increase to 25%. Kříž argued that communism would only prevail in Holynia if socialism was spread across the continent. The Salcheny crisis saw the first foreign deployment of Holynian troops in 1947. In 1951, neighboring Movargovina fell into chaos after communist rebels seized control of several cities along the border with Holynia. Holynia launched a military invasion of the country in support of the rebels. The Movargovinan government fell after Holyn soldiers and rebels seized the capital of Goranci. In June 1952, Holynia successfully tested its first nuclear weapon.

Crisis enveloped Holynia during the 1957 Bogorian unrest. Bogor civilians protested after the death of 3 civilians during an arrest by police. The protests descended into mass insurrection when police opened fire on demonstrators in Utena's main square. After 3 days of unrest, the military and police successfully quashed the rebellion after killing almost 400 civilians. Kříž suffered a heart attack in 1958 and the top leadership of the Workers' Party began making plans for his successor. In March 1959, Kříž suffered a stroke during a live Parliamentary meeting and subsequently fell into a coma. Unable to govern, the Politburo voted to remove Kříž from the post of General Secretary. Jiří Liška became the obvious successor once Kříž eventually died in April.

Liška began removing older leaders within the party, promoting a number of younger party members to key posts. In April 1960, Holynia launched its first satellite into space, Satelit-1. The government placed great emphasis on the development of Holynia's space program in the 1960s. In 1962, Liška expressed his ideas for greater availability of consumer goods and a higher quality of life for citizens. The centrally planned economy saw elements of a market economy introduced. Small privately owned businesses were permitted to operate alongside state run businesses. State owned businesses and collective farms gained a degree of autonomy from central planners. These industries were permitted to branch into related and different sectors of the economy at their own will.

Liška's reforms continued in the 1970s, with the introduction of the 1972 constitution, offering a degree of liberalisation to the political process. Liška's death in 1975 saw him succeeded by Kamil Sládek, Liška's agriculture minister. Sládek reversed a number of political reforms introduced under Liška and tightened the authority of the central government. Sládek packed the politburo with several close allies, allowing Sládek to pursue an immense infrastructure campaign. New motorways, airports and railways began to be built across Holynia. Sládek's program was highly popular among the populace, reducing unemployment to almost zero. However, Sládek's government was forced to take foreign loans in order to finance the massive infrastructure program.

Łuków Volcano during its 1989 eruption.

In 1984, unrest erupted in Bogoria following the arrest of Bogorian leader Filip Sieja. The party ordered a massive crackdown, with army, police and SRB units killing an estimated 200 civilians. The region was locked down for months, with rolling power outages, road closures and mass arrests of thousands of civilians. In June 1987, the Vamik Dam burst, sending a massive torrent of water into the Solany valley. 2,000 civilians were killed. In September 1989, the Łuków Volcano erupted along the Bogorian/Hornatyian border. The volcano erupted with a Volcanic Explosivity Index of 6. The eruption devastated the River Chełm valley and killed an estimated 11,000 civilians, with entire towns and villages being flattened. Hundreds of thousands of civilians were evacuated in both Hornatyia and Bogoria. The Łuków eruption of 1989 is the most destructive volcanic eruption in Holynia's modern history.

Political and economic crisis gripped Holynia following the Łuków Volcano eruption and Vamik Dam disaster. Environment minister Aleš Mach was imprisoned and Energy Minister Melichar Krejčí was executed because of the twin disasters. Protests in Cizekporok demanded the resignation of leader Kamil Sládek, who refused to resign. Holynia's economy fell into a recession soon after the eruption, only exiting in July 1990. A period of hyperinflation from 1990 to 1993 was caused by massive government deficits in response to the crisis.

In 1993, Kamil Sládek died and Vlastimil Prusík emerged as the new leader of Holynia. Prusík began a series of economic and political reforms to revive the economy and reduce simmering tensions across Holynia. These reforms led to unintended consequences as economic output was halved and unemployment skyrocketed. Government deficits of 30 percent became common as the government was forced to prop up struggling industries. Prusík faced growing discontent from within the Workers' Party, which consistently blocked or altered his reforms. In order to further progress his reforms, 2/3rd of seats within the Narodna Rada wwere opened up to open elections. Prusík hoped these independent seats would be more favorable to his reforms.

A political rival soon emerged by 1995, Jonáš Široký, the leader of the Narodna Rada, resigned from the party, however, maintained his leadership of the Rada.

Fighting in Bogoria in January 1998.

Rebellion broke out in Bogoria in August 1997 as ethnic Bogorian politicians, military officers and soldiers rebelled. Clashes escalated through the fall of 1997 into full-scale war. Simultaneous unrest spread throughout Holynia as pro-democracy activists demanded free elections. Attempts at political reforms failed and by June 1998, Prusík and the politburo resigned. The Workers' Party was unable to effectively form a new leadership and began to disintegrate. Prusík, in his executive act, appointed Col. General Radek Nedvěd as interim President. Nedvěd formed a unity government of both communist and opposition figures. Jonáš Široký, a former member of central committee, who resigned from the party in 1997 and led pro-democracy protests, became interim Prime Minister.

Mikuláš I
Mikuláš I in 2019
Predecessor	Alexandr
Heir apparent	Jonáš
Born	(1955-09-22) 22 September 1955 Cape Hope, Skoskie
Spouse	Valéria II (m. 1992)
Issue	Jonáš, Prince of Brezovička Kristína, Duchess of Bršlica Aleš, Duke of Podskalie
Full name Mikuláš Josef Velik Mäsiar
House	House of Karlová
Father	Alexandr IV
Mother	Svatava of Holynia
Religion	Holyn Catholicsm