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|national_motto =    <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists-->
|national_motto =    <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists-->
|national_anthem =    ''Bože, Zachráň Kráľa!'' ({{wp|Slovak language|Hornat}})<br>(English: "God, Save the King!")
|national_anthem =    ''Bože, Zachráň Kráľa!'' ({{wp|Slovak language|Hornat}})<br>(English: "God, Save the King!")
|image_map =          [[File:Holyne_globe.png|250px]]
|image_map =          [[File:Holynia_Political_Map.png|250px]]
|alt_map =            <!--alt text for map-->
|alt_map =            <!--alt text for map-->
|map_caption =        Location of Holynia with [[Spero]]
|map_caption =        Location of Holynia with [[Spero]]
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|map_caption2 =      <!--Caption to place below second map-->
|map_caption2 =      <!--Caption to place below second map-->
|capital =            [[Cizekporok]]
|capital =            [[Cizekporok]]
|largest_city =      [[Bystrica]]
|largest_city =      capital
|official_languages = [[Hornat]]<br>[[Masov]]
|official_languages = [[Hornat]]<br>[[Masov]]
|national_languages = <!--Country/territory-wide languages recognised but not necessarily in country/territory-wide law, etc-->
|national_languages = <!--Country/territory-wide languages recognised but not necessarily in country/territory-wide law, etc-->
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|established_date6 =  April 2001
|established_date6 =  April 2001
|area =              <!--Major area size (in [[Template:convert]] either km2 or sqmi first)-->
|area =              <!--Major area size (in [[Template:convert]] either km2 or sqmi first)-->
|population_estimate = 109,230,431
|population_estimate = 129,230,431
|population_estimate_year = 2017
|population_estimate_year = 2024
|population_census =  
|population_census = 128,554,321
|population_census_year =  
|population_census_year = 2022
|population_density_km2 = 107.70
|population_density_km2 = 107.70
|population_density_sq_mi = 204.89
|population_density_sq_mi = 204.89
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|calling_code =      +63
|calling_code =      +63
}}
}}
'''Holynia''', also referred to as '''Holyn''', officially the '''Holyn Kingdom''' ({{wp|Slovak language|Hornat}} and {{wp|Czech language|Masov}}: ''Holynska Kráľovstvo'' and ''Holynska Království''), is a sovereign country in southeastern [[Spero]] and an overseas territory in [[Navron]]. Excluding its overseas territories, Holynia proper covers an area of 1,014,174 square kilometers, with 109,230,431 inhabitants. With the additional territory and population of its overseas holdings, Holynia covers 1,951,365 square kilometers, with a population of 127,332,772 people. Owing to Holynia's highly mountainous topography, the inhabitants of the country are widespread, with a population density of 79 people per square kilometer. Holynia borders six countries, [[Grola]] and [[Movargovina]] in the north, [[Stesopol]] to the northeast, [[Bogoria]] to the east, and [[Elmad]] and [[Corvia]] to the nothwest. The Holyn Sea straddles the southern coastline of Holynia, which flows into the Great Spero Sea. The Kingdom consists of two countries, referred to as Principalities, [[Hornatyia]] and [[Masovia]], which is further divided into eight ''kraj'' (Regions) and further into 53 counties. One overseas territory in Navron, [[Skoskie]], exists. The capital and largest city of Holynia is [[Cizekporok]], with a population of over 7 million. The country is a {{wp|constitutional monarchy}}, with a {{wp|parliamentary system}} of government.
'''Holynia''', also referred to as '''Holyn''', officially the '''Holyn Kingdom''' ({{wp|Slovak language|Hornat}} and {{wp|Czech language|Masov}}: ''Holynska Kráľovstvo'' and ''Holynska Království''), is a sovereign state located in eastern Spero, with an overseas territory in Navron. Its mainland spans 1,014,174 square kilometers and is home to 109.2 million people. Holynia borders six countries, [[Grola]] and [[Movargovina]] in the north, [[Stesopol]] to the northeast, [[Bogoria]] to the east, and [[Elmad]] and [[Corvia]] to the nothwest. Including its overseas territory of Skoskie in Navron, Holynia’s total area expands to 1,951,365 square kilometers, with a population of 127.3 million. Despite its mountainous terrain, the nation has a relatively low population density of 79 people per square kilometer. The capital and largest city, Cizekporok, houses over 7 million residents. Holynia operates as a {{wp|constitutional monarchy}} with a {{wp|parliamentary system}} of government.


Modern day Holynia traces its history back to the Holyně Realm, which encompassed the Duchy of Hornatyia and Duchy of Masovia. The Holyně Realm grew to control territory within modern-day [[Movargovina]], [[Stesopol]], [[Elmad]] and [[Corvia]]. Eventually internal disputes between the two Duchy's within the Realm led to its collapse c. 120. The Hornatyian Duchy was influential and powerful enough to remain in control of much of the former northern territories of the Holyně Realm. The independent country reformed itself into the Kingdom of Hornatyia and was led by Cizek I. Meanwhile the Masovian monarchy was unstable with numerous rivalries preventing effective rule. The Council of Skrbovice marked the introduction of Catholicism into the former Holyně Realm. In 1052, the Masovian Kingdom finally collapsed with the fall of the Hanák Dynasty, resulting in Hornatyia invading and annexing the Masovian lands and the reestablishment of the Holyně Realm.
Modern Holynia traces its origins to the medieval Holyně Realm, a union of the Duchy of Hornatyia and the Duchy of Masovia. At its peak, the realm extended into modern-day Movargovina, Stesopol, Elmad, and Corvia. However, internal disputes led to its collapse around 120 CE. Hornatyia remained influential under King Cizek I, while Masovia fragmented due to noble rivalries. The Council of Skrbovice introduced Catholicism, further uniting the region culturally. By 1052, Masovia fell completely, and Hornatyia annexed it, reestablishing the Holyně Realm.


In 1310, Holyně was invaded by its northern neighbor the [[Grolan Empire]], this war came to be known as the Catastrophe. The war ended during the [[Battle of Bavorovská Hill]], when the Holynians pushed invading forces back into Grola. The destruction as a result of the war set the Kingdom back several hundred years. The first national legislature, the National Council of Hornatyia and Masovia convened in 1611. The Kingdom began a slow growth, with the economy transforming from outdated medieval economics to capitalism. This period saw the Holyn Kingdom join the other Spero colonial powers, albeit the smallest of them.
In 1310, Holynia faced devastation during the Grolan Empire's invasion, known as "the Catastrophe." After years of conflict, Holynia emerged victorious at the Battle of Bavorovská Hill but was left economically weakened. Recovery took centuries, with the 1611 formation of the National Council marking the beginning of a gradual modernization. By the 17th century, Holynia had joined Spero's colonial powers, establishing a small presence in Navron.


In 1801, the 10 Years War began when the Grolan Empire invaded Ivathia, Holynia and Corvia. Holynia, led by Benedikt IV, repelled the invasion during the Battle of Libenov. The Treisburg Conference saw the Grolan Empire split up between Holynia, Ivathia and Corvia. In 1917, Holynia joined the [[Great Spero War]] as part of the Eastern Powers. The war ended in a stalemate after two years of conflict.
In 1801, Holynia successfully repelled another Grolan invasion during the 10 Years’ War, gaining territory at the Treisburg Conference. The kingdom later participated in the Great Spero War (1917–1919), emerging from the stalemate with growing calls for reform. In 1921, Holynia transitioned from an absolute to a constitutional monarchy under King Kováč II, with a parliamentary government gaining legislative powers.


In 1921, the National Council (''Narodna Rada'') approved a plan to formally adopt a constitution with civilian leaders. Holynia would transform from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional one. This was devised with the assent of the Royal Family and Kováč II. The Narodna Rada gained significant legislative power and an executive Prime Minister post was created.
In 1927, the Workers' Party of Holynia, led by Volen Hajek, overthrew the monarchy, forcing King Kováč II to flee to Skoskie. The Union of Holyn Socialist States was established, ushering in a tumultuous period marked by famine, chaos, and eventual industrialization. By the 1940s, the economy stabilized, but stagnation and natural disasters in the 1980s led to economic decline.


The Workers' Party of Holynia, led by Volen Hajek, overthrew the monarchy in 1927, when Kováč II abdicated and fled to Ivathia. A new state, the Union of Holyn Socialist States was proclaimed in late 1927. Kováč II and supporters of the monarchy relocated to the Holyn overseas colony of Soskie in northern Lounada.
Ethnic tensions erupted into the Bogorian War in the 1990s, further destabilizing the nation. Communist rule ended in 1998 following democratic elections, with the monarchy restored in 2001 under King Daniel II. Skoskie rejoined Holynia in 2002, and the nation integrated into the global economy.


The transition to communism was bloody and chaotic, with the country ravaged by famine and chaos. By the 1940s, the country was stable and rapid industrialisation was occurring.
Today, Holynia boasts a highly developed, high-income economy with advanced technology and low unemployment, though wealth inequality persists. It maintains rapid GDP growth and is a member of the Southern Artemia Commerce Initiative, International Trade Commission, and the Global Monetary Fund.
== History ==
=== Early history ===
The earliest evidence of human presence in the region now known as Holynia dates back approximately 500,000 years. However, the harsh climatic conditions, particularly in the north, hindered permanent settlement for much of prehistory. Instead, early humans migrated seasonally, focusing on the more temperate southern regions.
 
By the Neolithic period, the Masovia and southern Hornatyia regions became centers of human activity. These areas, with their fertile lands and abundant resources, supported early agricultural communities. Permanent settlements emerged, and trade networks began connecting Holynia with neighboring regions. By the Bronze and Iron Ages, Slavic populations dominated the area, and their settlements became more densely populated, reflecting social and technological advancements.


By the late 1980s the economy began to stagnate and after a series of natural disasters, the economy slid into recession. Economic reforms introduced in 1995 failed to revive the sluggish economy. Ethnic and political tensions in Bogoria boiled over into the [[Bogorian War]]. The violence in Bogoria and widespread dissaproval of Prusík's reforms saw the Workers' Party fall from power by June 1998.
Around 400 CE, two distinct nations emerged: Hornatyia in the highlands and Masovia in the fertile lowlands. While culturally similar, the two nations developed unique identities. Hornatyia, with its rugged terrain, became known for its fortified hill settlements and warrior culture, while Masovia thrived as an agricultural hub, building wealth through trade. Despite their independence, the two nations were interdependent, sharing linguistic and cultural ties and often allying for mutual defense.


A new constitution and democratic elections were held in late 1998. The first democratic government was led by [[Jonáš Široký]]. In 1999 the [[Treisberg accords]] were signed, officially ending the war and granting independence to Bogoria. In 2001, a national referendum approved a new constitution reestablishing the {{wp|constitutional monarchy}} and King Daniel II became King of Holynia. The Soskie colony rejoined Holynia in 2002. Holynia became integrated into the global economy in the 2000s.
Throughout this period, the region faced frequent conflicts with neighboring Slavic and non-Slavic groups. Raids and territorial disputes were common, prompting Hornatyia and Masovia to strengthen their military and diplomatic ties.


Holynia is a highly developed country, with an advanced high income economy and high living standards. The country has extremely low unemployment rates, however varying rates of wealth inequality. The country boasts a post-industrial economy, with a growing e-market developing within Holynia. Since 2004, Holynia has seen yearly GDP growth of 4-8 percent, with the economy still growing at rapid rates in 2016. Holynia is a member of the not!UN, Southern Artemia Commerce Initiative, International Trade Commission, and the Global Monetary Fund.
In 996 CE, after centuries of collaboration and shared defense against external threats, the leaders of Hornatyia and Masovia agreed to unite under the name Holyně, signifying a shared cultural and political identity. This union was both a pragmatic and symbolic act, consolidating power and establishing the foundation of what would become the Holyně Realm. This unification marked the beginning of a new chapter in the region's history, with Holyně evolving into a cohesive medieval state.


== History ==
=== Early history ===
=== First and Second Holyně Realm ===
=== First and Second Holyně Realm ===
The Holyně Realm would soon emerge as a powerful force in Spero as it absorbed neighboring territories. At its height, the Realm encompassed regions within modern-day Movargovina, Stesopol, Elmad, and Corvia. The Realm was an alliance of two prominent duchies: the Duchy of Hornatyia to the north and the Duchy of Masovia to the south. The realm’s political and military unity allowed it to thrive under rulers like Duke Svatomír of Hornatyia, a fierce commander who expanded the territory westward and established a fortified capital at Bavorov.
The Duchy of Hornatyia, known for its strong economic base and disciplined military, held a dominant influence within the Realm. In contrast, the Masovian Duchy was plagued by internal disputes and succession conflicts, destabilizing its ability to govern effectively. Rivalries between noble families led to frequent feuds, with cities like Skrbovice, a growing center of commerce, caught in cycles of factional strife. In approximately 1200, these internal conflicts reached a breaking point. The once-unified Holyně Realm fragmented, leading to a collapse that would leave a significant impact on the political landscape of the region.
=== First Holyně Kingdom ===
=== First Holyně Kingdom ===
Following the dissolution of the Holyně Realm, the Duchy of Hornatyia re-emerged as a powerful independent entity. In 1215, Cizek I, a shrewd and ambitious leader, declared himself the King of Hornatyia, establishing a new monarchy and consolidating control over the northern territories. Hornatyia experienced growth under his leadership, benefitting from alliances with emerging powers to the east and expanding trade in towns like Kostelec and Liberec. Cizek I's descendants continued his policies, fortifying Hornatyia's position in the region as a dominant power.
Meanwhile, the Duchy of Masovia continued its descent into instability. Rival claimants and noble factions clashed repeatedly, and Masovian rulers struggled to impose order. In 1052, the Hanák Dynasty, the last ruling family of Masovia, fell after a series of failed campaigns to unify the region. The collapse of the Masovian Kingdom presented Hornatyia with an opportunity for expansion. King Miloslav II launched a swift invasion, reclaiming Masovian territories and officially reuniting the region under the reestablished Holyně Realm. This new era marked the introduction of Catholicism to the former Holyně territories, spurred by the Council of Skrbovice, which sought to unify the populace under one faith.
In 1310, Holyně faced a dire threat from the Grolan Empire, a formidable northern neighbor that sought to expand its influence southward. The invasion, remembered as "the Catastrophe," devastated the kingdom’s defenses and led to the occupation of several key towns, including the prosperous city of Vsetin. After years of fighting, the tide turned in Holynia's favor during the pivotal Battle of Bavorovská Hill in 1347. Under the command of General Janek of Praska, Holynian forces pushed the Grolan invaders back, reclaiming lost territory and restoring order. However, the destruction left by the war crippled the kingdom’s infrastructure, setting back its economic and social development by centuries.
Holynia slowly rebuilt after the Catastrophe, and in 1611, a new form of governance emerged. The first national legislature, the National Council of Hornatyia and Masovia, was convened, establishing a more representative government. This period saw Holynia begin its transformation from feudalism to a more modern capitalist economy, with towns like Praskov, a key port city on the Tisnov River, developing into hubs of trade and commerce. By the late 17th century, Holynia had begun modest colonial ventures, establishing outposts in Navron alongside larger powers.
In 1801, Holynia was drawn into the 10 Years’ War when the Grolan Empire, in alliance with other regional powers, invaded the neighboring states of Ivathia and Corvia. Led by King Benedikt IV, Holynia resisted and ultimately repelled the Grolan forces at the Battle of Libenov. The subsequent Treisburg Conference reshaped the balance of power in the region, dividing former Grolan territories between Holynia, Ivathia, and Corvia. This victory marked a high point in Holynian influence, as the kingdom emerged as a respected player in Spero’s political sphere.
In 1917, Holynia joined the Great Spero War on the side of the Eastern Powers. The two-year conflict ended in a costly stalemate, leading to widespread disillusionment and calls for political reform. Holynia, like much of Spero, experienced economic hardship in the war's aftermath, as inflation and unemployment soared. These challenges, along with the influence of socialist movements across the continent, led to growing public pressure for change. King Kováč II, recognizing the need for modernization, approved a plan by the National Council in 1921 to adopt a new constitution, limiting royal power and establishing a parliamentary system with an executive Prime Minister. For the first time, civilian leaders gained significant legislative authority, and Holynia took its first steps toward constitutional monarchy.
=== Communist Holynia ===
=== Communist Holynia ===
The continuing crisis in Holynia was exasperated by the 1921 founding of the [[Workers Party of Holynia|Holyn Workers Party]]. Communist leader [[Volen Hajek]] founded ''[[People's Councils (Holynia)|People's Councils]]'' in [[Bystrica]] and [[Uhrov]]. The councils were formed of popularly elected workers and peasants. The Bystrica ''people's council'' rivaled the city council in issuing decrees. Members of the police force in Bystrica declared allegiance to the ''People's Council''. The ''People's Councils'' were declared illegal by the monarchy in Cizekporok. [[Kováč II]] sent soldiers to Bystrica in an attempt to stop the councils from operating, however these attempts failed. A general strike was declared by coal miners in northern Hornatyia in solidarity with the ''People's Councils'' in Bystrica and Uhrov. In an attempt to placate the escalating crisis, the King gave up certain powers to the legislature. The legislature was enlarged and an executive branch was formed, officially ending direct rule by the monarchy. The Workers' Party agreed to participate in the enlarged Narodna Rada. The first election was held in 1923, with the Workers' Party taking the second largest number of seats. Discontent with being in the opposition, the Workers' Party continued to undermine the government.  
{{main|Holyn Socialist States}}
A new era of crisis in Holynia began in 1921 with the founding of the Holyn Workers’ Party (HWP) by communist leader Volen Hajek. Hajek established People’s Councils in cities like Bystrica and Uhrov, challenging the monarchy by governing locally through elected workers and peasants. The Bystrica council gained control over local police and rivaled the city council in authority. Despite attempts by King Kováč II to suppress these councils with military force, they endured, supported by a miners’ strike in northern Hornatyia.


By 1926, fighting between the [[Popular Army]] of the Workers Party and the monarchist army had erupted. The Workers Party exerted control over most of northern Hornatyia and western Masovia, while Kováč II's allies controlled central Hornatyia and all of Bogoria. Heavy fighting centered on the city of Uhrov and the ''midland'' region of Hornatyia. Cizekporok was surrounded in October 1924 and King Kováč II was evacuated to the overseas territory of [[Skoskie]] which was pro-monarchy. The monarchy and the deposed Holyn government declared an independent state in Skoskie. The war claimed casualties of around 3 million, mainly civilians.
To address the escalating crisis, Kováč II relinquished certain powers to an expanded legislature and executive branch, ending direct monarchical rule. The HWP joined the new Narodna Rada, winning the second-largest share of seats in the 1923 elections. However, dissatisfaction with being in opposition led the party to destabilize the government further.


Hajek's government ensued on a campaign of mass nationalisation, seizing land, businesses and industry. Hajek's economic policy heavily favored industry and massive subsidies were granted to rebuild much of Holynia's post war industry. Small private business were permitted to operate and peasants were allowed to sell surplus product on the open market. The state allowed both peasant and collective farms to operate side by side. Hajek's government utilised the [[Státní ředitelství bezpečnosti|SRB]] to arrest, execute or relocate thousands of peasants whose farms were chosen for collectivization. The large cities of Holynia saw rapid increases in the rate of urbanisation, as peasants relocated seeking employment. By 1930, Holynia's economic output surpassed pre war levels.
By 1926, civil war broke out between the HWP’s Popular Army and monarchist forces. The Workers’ Party controlled northern Hornatyia and western Masovia, while loyalists held central Hornatyia and Bogoria. Fierce fighting devastated cities like Uhrov and the midlands. In October 1924, Cizekporok was surrounded, forcing Kováč II to flee to Skoskie, where a pro-monarchy government-in-exile was formed. The war, claiming 3 million lives, ended with a communist victory.


The early 1930s saw Hajek centralize control in Cizekporok. A new constitution was adopted in 1931, granting broad powers to the central government in Cizekporok. The Workers' Party was given a constitutional role and political opposition was largely outlawed. Political repression also increased in the 1930s. The SRB forcibly deported tens of thousands of Bogorian civilians to northern Hornatyia to work in coal mines. Internal exile became widespread as Hajek sought to remove political enemies and rivals. By 1935, Hajek's economic policies had managed to reduce unemployment by 25%. Despite the economic growth, rural areas of Holynia faced low standards of living in comparison to the large cities. The 1937 Cizekporok agreement saw Holynia relinquish territorial claims to the former colony of Skoskie. In return both states agreed to mutual diplomatic recognition.
Hajek’s government implemented sweeping economic reforms, nationalizing land and businesses while encouraging urbanization. Collective farming and industrial subsidies helped rebuild Holynia’s economy, surpassing pre-war output by 1930. A new constitution in 1931 centralized power, outlawed political opposition, and gave the HWP total control. The Státní ředitelství bezpečnosti (SRB) enforced this regime through arrests, executions, and deportations.


[[File:Fortepan_12830_Rákóczi_út_-_Akácfa_utca_sarok._Kiégett_szovjet_BTR-152_páncélozott_lövészszállító_jármű..jpg|250px|thumb|right|Military vehicles in Utena during the 1957 Bogorian unrest.]]
[[File:Fortepan_12830_Rákóczi_út_-_Akácfa_utca_sarok._Kiégett_szovjet_BTR-152_páncélozott_lövészszállító_jármű..jpg|250px|thumb|right|Military vehicles in Utena during the 1957 Bogorian unrest.]]
Volen Hajek's death in 1941 was followed by an internal power struggle. Jan Kříž emerged as the new leader of Holynia. Kříž emphasized continuing collectivization of farming and growing authoritarian rule. Kříž embarked on a campaign of international communism unseen under Hajek. The 1940s would see the defence budget relative to GDP increase to 25%. Kříž argued that communism would only prevail in Holynia if socialism was spread across the continent. The [[Salcheny crisis (1947)|Salcheny crisis]] saw the first foreign deployment of Holynian troops in 1947. In 1951, neighboring [[Movargovina]] fell into chaos after communist rebels seized control of several cities along the border with Holynia. Holynia launched a military invasion of the country in support of the rebels. The Movargovinan government fell after Holyn soldiers and rebels seized the capital of [[Goranci]]. In June 1952, Holynia successfully tested its first nuclear weapon.
After Hajek’s death in 1941, Jan Kříž took power, intensifying collectivization and focusing on international communism. Defense spending soared to 25% of GDP as Kříž sought to export socialism. Holynia’s first military deployment occurred during the Salcheny Crisis in 1947. In 1951, Holynia intervened in Movargovina, supporting communist rebels and overthrowing its government. Holynia’s first nuclear test in 1952 cemented its regional influence.
 
Crisis enveloped Holynia during the [[1957 Bogorian unrest]]. Bogor civilians protested after the death of 3 civilians during an arrest by police. The protests descended into mass insurrection when police opened fire on demonstrators in Utena's main square. After 3 days of unrest, the military and police successfully quashed the rebellion after killing almost 400 civilians. Kříž suffered a heart attack in 1958 and the top leadership of the Workers' Party began making plans for his successor. In March 1959, Kříž suffered a stroke during a live Parliamentary meeting and subsequently fell into a coma. Unable to govern, the Politburo voted to remove Kříž from the post of General Secretary. [[Jiří Liška]] became the obvious successor once Kříž eventually died in April.


Liška began removing older leaders within the party, promoting a number of younger party members to key posts. In April 1960, Holynia launched its first satellite into space, [[Satelit-1]]. The government placed great emphasis on the development of Holynia's space program in the 1960s. In 1962, Liška expressed his ideas for greater availability of consumer goods and a higher quality of life for citizens. The centrally planned economy saw elements of a market economy introduced. Small privately owned businesses were permitted to operate alongside state run businesses. State owned businesses and collective farms gained a degree of autonomy from central planners. These industries were permitted to branch into related and different sectors of the economy at their own will.
Domestically, tensions peaked during the 1957 Bogorian unrest, when protests over police killings escalated into violent clashes, leaving 400 civilians dead. Kříž’s declining health led to his removal in 1959, and Jiří Liška succeeded him.


Liška's reforms continued in the 1970s, with the introduction of the 1972 constitution, offering a degree of liberalisation to the political process. Liška's death in 1975 saw him succeeded by Kamil Sládek, Liška's agriculture minister. Sládek reversed a number of political reforms introduced under Liška and tightened the authority of the central government. Sládek packed the politburo with several close allies, allowing Sládek to pursue an immense infrastructure campaign. New motorways, airports and railways began to be built across Holynia. Sládek's program was highly popular among the populace, reducing unemployment to almost zero. However, Sládek's government was forced to take foreign loans in order to finance the massive infrastructure program.
Under Liška, economic liberalization began, allowing small private businesses and granting autonomy to state enterprises. Holynia’s first satellite, Satelit-1, launched in 1960, marking a technological milestone. Political reforms followed with the 1972 constitution, introducing limited liberalization while maintaining HWP dominance. Liška’s death in 1975 ended this era of cautious reform.
[[File:VulcanoPinatuboJune1991.gif|right|250px|thumb|Łuków Volcano during its 1989 eruption.]]
[[File:VulcanoPinatuboJune1991.gif|right|250px|thumb|Łuków Volcano during its 1989 eruption.]]
In 1984, [[1984 Bogorian crisis|unrest erupted]] in Bogoria following the arrest of Bogorian leader [[Filip Sieja]]. The party ordered a massive crackdown, with army, police and SRB units killing an estimated 200 civilians. The region was locked down for months, with rolling power outages, road closures and mass arrests of thousands of civilians. In June 1987, the Vamik Dam burst, sending a massive torrent of water into the Solany valley. 2,000 civilians were killed. In September 1989, the Łuków Volcano erupted along the Bogorian/Hornatyian border. The volcano erupted with a Volcanic Explosivity Index of 6. The eruption devastated the River Chełm valley and killed an estimated 11,000 civilians, with entire towns and villages being flattened. Hundreds of thousands of civilians were evacuated in both Hornatyia and Bogoria. The Łuków eruption of 1989 is the most destructive volcanic eruption in Holynia's modern history.
Liška’s successor, Kamil Sládek, reversed political reforms and centralized power. Sládek launched massive infrastructure projects, including motorways, airports, and railways, which reduced unemployment but plunged Holynia into debt. In 1984, unrest erupted in Bogoria, leading to a brutal crackdown with hundreds of civilian deaths.


Political and economic crisis gripped Holynia following the Łuków Volcano eruption and Vamik Dam disaster. Environment minister Aleš Mach was imprisoned and Energy Minister Melichar Krejčí was executed because of the twin disasters. Protests in Cizekporok demanded the resignation of leader Kamil Sládek, who refused to resign. Holynia's economy fell into a recession soon after the eruption, only exiting in July 1990. A period of hyperinflation from 1990 to 1993 was caused by massive government deficits in response to the crisis. In 1993, Kamil Sládek died and [[Vlastimil Prusík]] emerged as the new leader of Holynia. Prusík began a series of economic and political reforms to revive the economy and reduce simmering tensions across Holynia. These reforms led to unintended consequences as economic output was halved and unemployment skyrocketed. Government deficits of 30 percent became common as the government was forced to prop up struggling industries.
Twin disasters in the late 1980s— the Vamik Dam collapse and the Łuków Volcano eruption—killed over 13,000 people and displaced hundreds of thousands. Public outrage over government mismanagement led to hyperinflation and a deep recession. Sládek’s refusal to step down exacerbated public unrest, and his death in 1993 paved the way for reformist leader Vlastimil Prusík.
[[File:Evstafiev-Chechnya-BURNED.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Fighting in Bogoria in January 1998.]]
[[File:Evstafiev-Chechnya-BURNED.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Fighting in Bogoria in January 1998.]]
Rebellion broke out in Bogoria in August 1997 as ethnic Bogorian politicians, military officers and soldiers rebelled. Clashes escalated through the fall of 1997 into full-scale war. Simultaneous unrest spread throughout Holynia as pro-democracy activists demanded free elections. Attempts at political reforms failed and by June 1998, Prusík and the politburo resigned. The Workers' Party was unable to effectively form a new leadership and began to disintegrate. Prusík, in his executive act, appointed Col. General [[Radek Nedvěd]] as interim President. Nedvěd formed a unity government of both communist and opposition figures. [[Jonáš Široký]], a former member of central committee, who resigned from the party in 1997 and led pro-democracy protests, became interim Prime Minister.
Prusík introduced economic and political reforms to stabilize Holynia, opening two-thirds of parliamentary seats to elections. However, these measures halved economic output, spiked unemployment, and caused public dissatisfaction. In 1997, rebellion broke out in Bogoria, led by ethnic Bogorian military officers. Pro-democracy protests spread nationwide, paralyzing the government.
 
In mid-1998, Prusík and the Workers’ Party leadership resigned, unable to manage the crises. Col. General Radek Nedvěd became interim president, forming a unity government with communist and opposition leaders. Jonáš Široký, a pro-democracy figure, became interim prime minister, marking the end of the Workers’ Party’s rule and Holynia’s transition to democracy.


=== Second Holyně Kingdom ===
=== Second Holyně Kingdom ===
On 12 September 1998, an interim constitution was adopted by referendum, with national elections to be held on 15 October 1998. [[Jonáš Široký]] led the [[Naša budúcnosť]] party to victory. Široký's government formed a constitutional committee to finalise a constitution by the year 2000. In November 1998, negotiations began between the monarchy and government of Skoski and the Siroky government. The government began the arduous process of reforming Holynia's communist economy into a capitalist economy. Throughout late 1998 and 1999, the Národná Rada passed a series of legislation outlining the process of privatisation of state companies. In February 1999, the Holyn Royal Family visited Holynia for the first time since 1925. This visit saw a wave of support for reestablishing the monarchy in an official capacity.
In 1998, Holynia adopted an interim constitution via referendum, with elections held on October 15, which brought Jonáš Široký and the Naša Budúcnosť party to power. Široký's government initiated economic reforms to transition from a communist to a capitalist economy. Amid these changes, Holynia faced escalating ethnic conflict in Bogoria. A ceasefire collapsed, but in 1999, the Treisburg Treaty was signed, paving the way for a peacekeeping mission and an independence referendum in Bogoria.


Genocide and ethnic conflict escalated in Bogoria as ceasefires collapsed. In late 1999, after economic sanctions placed on it by the Spero Economic Council, the government and Bogorian seperatists agreed to peace, resulting in the Treisburg treaty. An internationally organized independence referendum would be held in Bogoria, meanwhile an Spero Defence Initiative led peacekeeping mission would seperate the Holyn military and Bogor seperatists.
Široký’s government pursued austerity measures and economic reforms, but public opposition grew due to rising unemployment and the impact on workers. A 1999 royal visit sparked support for monarchy restoration, culminating in a 2000 referendum where 67% backed becoming a constitutional monarchy and reuniting with Skoskie. Alexandr IV was crowned in 2001, coinciding with economic recovery fueled by returning expatriates and a growing middle class.


Široký's government pressed ahead with economic reforms, with the first economic reform legislation passed with broad support among the Národná Rada. Opposition grew as the privatisation legislation became widely opposed by trade unions. The {{wp|austerity measures}} introduced in 2000, saw budgets for government ministries and agencies slashed. As the government sought to reduce debt, the economy sufferred. Unemployment continued to rise as the government privatised or shut down unprofitable businesses.
However, the liberal Široký government lost a no-confidence vote in 2003 and the 2004 election to Andrej Sedláček’s reformed leftist Workers’ Party. Sedláček halted privatization, stabilizing unemployment. In response to the dominance of private conglomerates, the government formed the state-run Holcentrálnyštátnyobchodnýholdingy, later broken up by court order due to its monopolistic practices. A new state entity, Holinvestičnéholdingy, was created to manage state assets and investments.


In June 2000, legislation was passed for a national referendum on restoring the monarchy and reunion with Skoski. The referendum was held in September 2000 and saw 67% of voters support Holynia becoming a constitutional monarchy. In November 1999, the first draft of the new constitution was unveiled, with the final draft to be adopted by May 2001. Alexandr IV was crowned King of Holynia in a ceremony in Cizekporok on December 7th 2001. The Overseas Territory of Skoskie officially rejoined Holynia the following day.
In 2010, the conservative Civic Renewal Party won power under Janos Ratkovec, who pursued free trade agreements with the Spero Economic Council. His administration collapsed in 2015 due to corruption scandals, leading to a Workers’ Party victory under Štefan Jahnátek. Jahnátek’s government implemented wage reforms, linking the minimum wage to inflation.


The return of wealthy and middle class Holyn citizens from self-imposed exile overseas proved beneficial. Holynia, the largest of the post-communist states in Spero, saw an economic boom in 2002. A growing middle class emerged in Holynia as both privitised and state industries raised incomes. GDP growth had returned, coinciding with the end of austerity measures and high inflation.
In 2019, Renáta Mišurová’s National Renewal Party assumed power, marking a shift to right-wing populism. Mišurová implemented stricter immigration policies and adopted a more aggressive foreign policy, culminating in Holynia’s controversial invasion of Kifathe. Though militarily successful, the invasion resulted in a prolonged insurgency, challenging Holynia’s stability.
 
The liberal Široký government lost both the 2003 vote of no confidence and 2004 parliamentary election and was succeeded by the renewed Workers' Party under [[Andrej Sedláček]]. The Workers' Party was now a {{wp|social-democratic}} political party, opposed to a revolutionary socialist party. Sedláček ceased the ongoing privatisation of state companies. This saw unemployment stabilise by late 2005. King Alexandr IV died on 14 December 2005 and was suceeded by his heir apperant, Mikuláš I.
 
A number of large conglomerates, some founded before the revolution, had relocated to Holynia during this period. Sales of state assets and companies saw these conglomerates grow even larger. In response, the new socialist government formed a state run conglomerate known as [[Holcentrálnyštátnyobchodnýholdingy]]. All state run companies were "purchased" by Holcentrálnyštátnyobchodnýholdingy at below market rates. This conglomerate was subject to numerous investigations and legal challenges from within the Narodna Rada and by private entities. The Supreme Court found Holcentrálnyštátnyobchodnýholdingy to be an illegal monopoly and was ordered to be broken up. The company spun off portions of its portfolio to abide by the court ruling. A new holding company Holinvestičnéholdingy to both invest in private companies and retain ownership of state businesses.
 
In 2010, the {{wp|Conservatism|conservative}} Civic Renewal Party won the parliamentary elections with Janos Ratkovec becoming Prime Minister. Ratkovec's government oversaw negotiations for a {{wp|free trade agreement}} with the Spero Economic Council. In 2015, the Ratkovec government became embroiled in a series of scandals that led to its downfall. [[Štefan Jahnátek]]'s Workers' Party won the 2015 election. Government oversight of wages was tightened, with the minimun wage in Holynia pegged to inflation levels. Annual minimun wage increases and decreases would be mandated per the legislation.
 
In 2019, [[Renáta Mišurová]] led the National Renewal Party to victory.


== Geography ==
== Geography ==
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[[File:Valley_of_Ordesa,_Ordesa_y_Monte_Perdido_National_Park,_Spain.jpg|250px|thumb|The Obrec highlands divide much of central Holynia.]]
[[File:Valley_of_Ordesa,_Ordesa_y_Monte_Perdido_National_Park,_Spain.jpg|250px|thumb|The Obrec highlands divide much of central Holynia.]]
=== Mountains and rivers ===
=== Mountains and rivers ===
Hornatyia, the northern half of Holynia, literally means "mountainous land". This is evident by 40% of Hornatyia being mountainous. The Gatis flow west to east through northern Holynia. The Gatihazi mountain range is the largest and highest in Holynia. The Gatihazi run from the Hornat-Corvic border along the Hornat-Grola border leading to the Bytca valley. The Gatis to the west of the Bytca valley are primarily made up of granite and to the west of limestone. The Bytca valley seperates the Gatihazi range from the Hornat-Movargovinian border. The Gatihazi's and Holynia's highest point, Králové mountain, lays to the east of Bytca valley. The Gatihazi then pass to the east into Stesopol. The Gatis are major deposits of anthracite and bituminous coal. Other minerals such as iron are also found within the Gatis.
Hornatyia, the northern region of Holynia, derives its name from the term meaning "mountainous land," a fitting description as 40% of its territory is mountainous. The region is dominated by the Gatihazi Mountain Range, the largest and highest in Holynia, which extends from the Hornat-Corvic border along the Hornat-Grola border, culminating in the Bytca Valley. This valley separates the Gatihazi range from the Hornat-Movargovinian border. The western Gatihazi are primarily composed of granite, while limestone dominates to the east. Holynia's highest peak, Králové Mountain, is situated east of the Bytca Valley, where the range continues into Stesopol. The Gatihazi are rich in mineral resources, including anthracite, bituminous coal, and iron ore.


The Obrec highlands are located in southern Hornatyia. The Obrec highlands are surround by dense forests to the south and the rolling hills of the Hornat lowlands. The Obrec highlands peak at 2,000 m. The rugged nature of the Obrec highlands is evidence of their formation during glacier melts.
The Obrec Highlands, located in southern Hornatyia, feature rugged terrain shaped by glacial meltwaters. These highlands, which peak at 2,000 meters, are bordered by dense forests to the south and the rolling hills of the Hornat Lowlands.


The River Obrec is the longest river in Holynia. Flowing north to south from the Gatihazi through the Obrec highlands south towards the Great Spero Sea. The River Obrec delta in Masovia is the major confluence of the River Obrec and the Great Spero Sea. The delta is the largest drainage basin in Holynia and one of the largest in Spero.
The River Obrec, Holynia's longest river, originates in the Gatihazi and flows north to south through the Obrec Highlands, eventually emptying into the Great Spero Sea. Its delta in Masovia forms Holynia’s largest drainage basin and is one of the largest in the Spero region.
 
Another significant river, the River Suli, also originates in the Gatihazi. It flows west of the Obrec Highlands and south through the western Masovian Plains, meeting the Holyn Sea north of Kovtik. The Suli Valley is a critical agricultural area for Holynia, contributing to the region’s economic vitality.


The River Suli flows from the Gatihazi in northern Hornatyia. It flows to the west of the Obrec highlands, south through the western Masovian plains. Its confluence with the Holyn Sea is located north of Kovtik. The River Suli valley is a major agricultural region of Holynia.
=== Climate ===
=== Climate ===
The climate of Holynia is characterized by significant regional variation, influenced by its extensive range from the temperate Great Spero Sea in the south to the Arctic Ocean in the north. It features a mix of temperate maritime, continental, and subarctic conditions. Mountainous regions in the north of the country create additional microclimates, while large bodies of water like the Great Spero Sea moderate temperatures in the southern and central areas.
Southern Holynia, bordering the Great Spero Sea, experiences a temperate maritime climate. Winters are generally mild with occasional frost, while summers are warm but not overly hot, averaging around 20–25°C (68–77°F) in July. Precipitation is relatively high throughout the year due to prevailing westerly winds from the Great Spero Sea, bringing regular rain and cloud cover. The coastal climate supports a diverse range of vegetation, including broadleaf and mixed forests, and contributes to Holynia’s fertile agricultural zones.
The central regions of Holynia, away from the moderating influence of the Great Spero Sea, experience a more continental climate with distinct seasonal temperature fluctuations. Winters are cold, often dropping below freezing, while summers are warmer than in the south, reaching up to 30°C (86°F) during heat waves. Snow is common in winter, especially at higher elevations. The varied landscape includes lowlands, forests, and valleys, making this area a critical region for agriculture, though conditions can be harsher in winter compared to the coastal south.
Northern Holynia, extending to the Arctic Ocean, has a subarctic to Arctic climate, with long, extremely cold winters and short, cool summers. The mountainous areas in the north enhance this cold climate, creating pockets of alpine tundra at higher elevations. Winter temperatures frequently fall below -20°C (-4°F), and snowfall is heavy, persisting for much of the year. Summers are brief, with temperatures rarely exceeding 10°C (50°F), allowing only limited vegetation, mostly consisting of hardy shrubs and boreal forest. The Arctic coastline remains frozen for much of the year, contributing to Holynia’s unique biodiversity and challenging conditions for human habitation.


== Politics ==
== Politics ==
{{main|Politics of Holynia}}
{{main|Politics of Holynia}}
[[File:Reichsrat_Vienna_Okt_2007.jpg|250px|thumb|right|The [[Národná Rada]] in [[Cizekporok]], is the national legislature in Holynia.]][[File:High_Court_of_Justiciary.jpg|250px|thumb|right|The Supreme Court in Cizekporok, is the chief court of Holynia and is the court of final appeal in Holynia.]]
[[File:Hol_Palace.png|250px|thumb|right|Švedlar Palace and Cizek square in the background in Cizekporok. Švedlar Palace is the seat of the monarchy of Holynia and formal residence of the Monarch.]][[File:Reichsrat_Vienna_Okt_2007.jpg|250px|thumb|right|The [[Národná Rada]] in [[Cizekporok]], is the national legislature in Holynia.]][[File:High_Court_of_Justiciary.jpg|250px|thumb|right|The Supreme Court in Cizekporok, is the chief court of Holynia and is the court of final appeal in Holynia.]]
Holynia operates as a {{wp|constitutional monarchy}} with a hereditary {{wp|monarch}} as head of state and a {{wp|unicameral}} parliament, the [[Národná Rada]]. The current constitution was adopted on 12 September 2005, replacing the 1997 constitution. The constitution of Holynia places primary governance with the Prime Minister and the cabinet, who are appointed by the monarch after recommendation by members of the Národná Rada. The Prime Minister exerts control over all functions of the executive branch and is de-facto the most powerful politician in the country. The Národná Rada is a 210 seat unicameral legislature which is elected every two years using a {{wp|proportional representation}} of political parties, resulting in a diverse array of political parties. A Royal Commissioner is elected by the Národná Rada in a secret ballot every year, who is in charge of overseeing the legality of government actions and issues judgments on certain policies. The ruling monarch holds little power, however has the ability to reject a proposed government and the ability to force from office a ruling government using the Royal Commissioner.
Holynia operates as a constitutional monarchy with a hereditary monarch serving as the ceremonial head of state. Political power is centered on the Prime Minister and the cabinet, who oversee the executive branch. The framework for Holynia's government is established in the current Constitution of 2005, which replaced the 2001 constitution—a heavily amended version of the original 1999 constitution drafted after Holynia’s political reforms.
 
The monarch formally appoints the Prime Minister and cabinet ministers, but these appointments are based on the recommendations of the Národná Rada, Holynia's parliament. The Prime Minister is the de facto most powerful figure in the government, directing executive functions and shaping national policy. The cabinet works collectively to implement laws and manage day-to-day governance.
 
The [[Národná Rada]] is a bicameral legislature composed of two chambers, the Council of Regions, an upper house with 100 seats, and the Council of Representatives, the lower house, has 600 seats and represents the population proportionally. Elections for the Národná Rada occur every five years, using a proportional representation system that ensures fair political representation for Holynia's diverse political parties.
 
The Royal Commissioner, elected annually by a secret ballot in the Národná Rada, serves as an independent authority to oversee the legality of government actions. The Royal Commissioner has the power to issue rulings on the constitutionality of certain policies and to review executive decisions for compliance with the constitution.
=== Monarchy ===
Holynia is a unitary state with a hereditary monarch as its ceremonial head of state, currently King Mikuláš I. While the monarch formally holds all executive powers under the Constitution of 2005, these are exercised only on the advice of the Prime Minister, reflecting the constitutional monarchy’s symbolic nature. The monarch’s duties include appointing the Prime Minister and cabinet, opening parliamentary sessions, granting royal assent to legislation, and representing Holynia at national and international events.
 
Despite their largely ceremonial role, the monarch retains two reserve powers: the ability to reject a proposed government if it is deemed unfit or incapable of forming a majority, and the authority to dismiss a sitting government through the Royal Commissioner if it violates constitutional principles. However, these powers have never been used in modern Holyn history, as the monarchy’s role is focused on maintaining stability and neutrality within the democratic system.
=== Administrative divisions ===
=== Administrative divisions ===
Holynia is divided into the following order of administrative divisions 2 Principalities , 12 regions (''Kraj'') and 5 autonomous municipalities. The Principalities are first level administrative divisions. The other first level administrative divion are the autonomous municipalities. Principalities then are divided into regions. Below regions are counties, but these are solely geographical divisions with no governmental power. The Principalities are led by a First Minister, who answers to the Principality Council. The Regional Authorities lead the 12 regions, headed by a Chief Executive. The 5 autonomous municipalities are led by a directly elected Mayor and a City Council. Direct municipalities also have a mayor and City Council but have limited authority compared to autonomous municipalities.
Holynia’s administrative structure is organized into three primary levels: Principalities, Regions (Kraj), and Municipalities, including both autonomous municipalities and direct municipalities.
 
The country is divided into two Principalities, which, alongside five autonomous municipalities, serve as the first-level administrative divisions. Each Principality is further subdivided into Regions, creating a total of 20 regions across Holynia. Beneath the regions are counties, which serve as geographical divisions with no independent governmental authority.
 
The Principalities are governed by a First Minister, who is accountable to a Principality Council that oversees legislative and administrative matters within their jurisdiction. The Regions are managed by Regional Authorities, led by a Chief Executive responsible for local governance and implementation of regional policies.
 
The five autonomous municipalities enjoy greater self-governance than other municipalities, with each headed by a directly elected Mayor and a City Council. These entities have significant control over local affairs, including taxation and infrastructure. By contrast, direct municipalities, while also governed by a Mayor and City Council, have more limited authority and operate under the oversight of their respective Regional Authorities.
==== Principality ====
==== Principality ====
The two Principalities of [[Hornatyia]] and [[Masovia]] are by custom led by the respective Prince of Hornatyia and Prince of Masovia. However, the Prince has no legal authority under the constitution. The principality's respective Basic Law acts as the primary governing document of the two principalities. The Principalities share the same form of government. An executive leader, the First Minister, leads a Principality government which has several devolved powers under the constitution. The First Minister answers to and is elected by the Principality Council, a unicameral legislature which has powers granted to it under the constitution. The Principality Council's are elected every 4 years under a proportional representation electoral system.
The Principalities of Hornatyia and Masovia are traditionally associated with the ceremonial roles of the Prince of Hornatyia and Prince of Masovia, though these titles carry no legal authority under Holynia's constitution. Instead, governance is based on each Principality's Basic Law, which acts as its primary legal framework.


The Devolved Powers Act of 2003 and Articles 6 through 9 of the 2001 Constitution lay out the details of the authority of the Principalities. The Principality Council can not rule on any matter specifically reserved for the National Council. Under the Constitution, the National Council is the supreme legislative body in Holynia and legislation passed by it, regardless of overlapping Principality laws, takes precedence. The specific powers reserved for the National Council are {{wp|defence}}, {{wp|healthcare}} and {{wp|foreign relations}}.
Both Principalities share the same governmental structure. Executive authority is vested in a First Minister, who leads the Principality government. The First Minister is elected by the Principality Council, a unicameral legislature elected every four years using a proportional representation system. The council oversees devolved powers granted under the Devolved Powers Act of 2003 and Articles 6 through 9 of the Constitution of 2001.


The Principalities have {{wp|taxation}} powers that overlap with the national government. The Principalities have seperate income tax rates on top of national tax rates. They both have local Tax Authorities, the Hornatyian Tax Authority and Masovian Tax Authority. These are only responsible for collecting taxes that the Principalities have authority over. The National Tax Agency does not have the power to collect or advise on principality tax matters. The national government has sole authority on the {{wp|value added tax}}, which is nation wide.
The National Council remains the supreme legislative body in Holynia, with exclusive authority over key areas such as defense, healthcare, and foreign relations. In cases of overlapping legislation, national laws always take precedence over Principality laws.
==== Region ====
==== Region ====
==== Autonomous Municipality ====
Holynia is divided into 20 regions, known locally as Kraj, which serve as the second-level administrative divisions of the country. Each region functions as an essential unit of governance, bridging local municipalities and the national government.
 
The regions are governed by Regional Authorities, headed by a Chief Executive who oversees regional administration and policy implementation. The Chief Executive is selected by the region's legislative body, the Regional Council, which consists of 100 seats. Members of the Regional Council are elected every four years using a proportional representation system, ensuring fair representation for diverse political groups within each region.
 
The Regional Authorities hold responsibilities for a variety of public services, including regional infrastructure, education, transportation, and certain economic development initiatives. These powers are defined within the framework of the Devolved Powers Act of 2003 and complement the broader legislative authority of the national government. The system ensures that regions maintain a degree of autonomy while remaining aligned with national policies and priorities.
==== Overseas Territory ====
==== Overseas Territory ====
{{main|Holyn Overseas Territory|Skoskie}}
{{main|Holyn Overseas Territory|Skoskie}}
[[File:CT_City_Hall_Before_the_Sun.jpg|thumb|200px|right|The government headquarters and office of the Chief Executive of the Overseas Territory of Skoskie.]]
[[File:CT_City_Hall_Before_the_Sun.jpg|thumb|200px|right|The government headquarters and office of the Chief Executive of the Overseas Territory of Skoskie.]]
The Overseas Territory of Skoskie is the sole Overseas Territory of Holynia. Holynia retains sovereignty over Skoskie but it does not form Holynia proper.  Skoskie is not a sovereign state and relies on Holynia for {{wp|foreign relations}} and {{wp|defence}}. The Holyn monarch is head of state of the Overseas Territory in the capacity as head of state of Holynia, as opposed to head of state of Skoskie. The Skoskie government exercises full legislative powers over its territory in most affairs. Skoskie retains a seperate legal and taxation system from mainland Holynia. This includes a seperate Court of Final Appeal, the Supreme Court of Skoskie. A seperate currency, the Skoskie Koruna, is used in Skoskie. It is the direct descendant of the original Holyn Koruna that was abolished in 1927.
The Overseas Territory of Skoskie is Holynia's sole overseas territory, distinct from Holynia proper. While Holynia retains sovereignty over Skoskie, the territory is not a sovereign state, relying on Holynia for foreign relations and defense. The Holyn monarch serves as the head of state for Skoskie in their capacity as the monarch of Holynia, rather than as a separate role.
 
Skoskie's government exercises extensive autonomy, holding full legislative authority in most domestic affairs. It maintains separate legal and taxation systems, including its own Supreme Court of Skoskie as the highest court of appeal. The territory uses the Skoskie Koruna, a direct descendant of the original Holyn Koruna abolished in 1927.


Citizens of Skoskie are classified either as Holyn citizens or Holyn Overseas Citizens. When Skoskie rejoined Holynia in 2001, all citizens of Skoskie became Holyn Overseas Citizens by default. A process of claiming a qualifying connection to Holynia was neccesary to obtain Holyn citizenship. This usually required familial ties to, and/or residency in Holynia prior to 1927. Holyn Overseas Citizenship did not grant the same rights as Holyn citizenship. Holyn citizenship gave the right to abode and free entry in Holynia and Skoskie, while Holyn Overseas Citizenship only granted right to abode and free entry to the Overseas Territory.
Citizenship in Skoskie is divided between Holyn Citizens and Holyn Overseas Citizens. Following Skoskie’s reunification with Holynia in 2001, all Skoskie residents became Holyn Overseas Citizens by default. To gain full Holyn citizenship, individuals needed to demonstrate a qualifying connection to Holynia, such as familial ties or pre-1927 residency. Holyn citizenship provides rights to abode and unrestricted entry in both Holynia and Skoskie, while Holyn Overseas Citizenship restricts these rights to Skoskie alone.


The monarch is formally represented by the Governor General of Skoskie, who acts on behalf of the monarchy and issues Royal Assent to all local legislation. Skoskie is led by a Chief Executive, who in turn is elected by the Legislative Council of Skoskie. The Legislative Council is elected every 4 years, using closed party list proportional representation.
The monarch is represented by the Governor General of Skoskie, who grants Royal Assent to local legislation. Skoskie’s executive authority lies with a Chief Executive, elected by the Legislative Council, which is chosen every four years via closed-list proportional representation.


Skoskie was formally a Colony of Holynia, founded by the Holyn International Trading Company in 1824, until the Holyn revolution in 1927. From 1927 to 2001, Skoskie was an independent state ruled by the Holyn monarch from 1927 to 1947. In 1947, the establishment of formal diplomatic relations between Skoskie and Holynia meant the Holyn monarch dropped the title of "ruler of Holynia", reverting to "ruler of Skoskie". This lasted until 2001, when Holynia and Skoskie reunited and the Holyn monarchy returned to Holynia proper. Despite some calls for independence, Skoskie again fell under Holyn sovereignty as an Overseas Territory.
Originally a colony established by the Holyn International Trading Company in 1824, Skoskie became independent following the Holyn Revolution in 1927. From 1947 to 2001, Skoskie was a separate state under the Holyn monarch. In 2001, Skoskie reunited with Holynia as an Overseas Territory, restoring Holyn sovereignty while maintaining significant self-governance. Calls for independence persist but remain a minority position.


=== Foreign relations ===
=== Foreign relations ===
{{main|Foreign relations of Holynia}}
Holynia’s foreign policy has undergone a transformation from its communist superpower days to an assertive, ambitious role on the international stage. After its communist government fell in the late 1990s, Holynia lost influence in Spero, including a significant defeat in its separatist war with Bogoria. The 2000s marked a period of economic rebuilding, during which Holynia sought to mend relations with neighbors like Bogoria, Stesopol, and the Elmad Federation. However, Holynia lacked a cohesive foreign policy direction and struggled to regain its former regional influence.
By the 2010s, Holynia had adopted a more assertive approach, investing in economic diplomacy and leadership roles in international organizations to rebuild its global reputation. It developed close alliances with nations like the Elmad Federation and became a key player in the Pan-Sperian Economic Partnership, strengthening its role as a regional hub for manufacturing and technology. This strategy extended to military interventions, with Holynia’s recent involvement in Navron framed as securing stability, though many view it as an attempt to expand influence. Holynia’s support for the authoritarian regime in Saha has further raised its profile while drawing criticism, as it counters the influence of the Federal States of Cusco, the primary Western power.
Holynia’s growing assertiveness has generated concerns from Cusco and its allies, leading to sanctions and diplomatic backlash. Despite this, Holynia positions itself as a counterweight to Cusco’s influence, emphasizing alliances with nations that share its resistance to Western power structures. Balancing economic partnerships with military interventions, Holynia’s foreign policy is both a return to and departure from its past. Its trajectory as an emerging power in Spero will likely shape regional and global dynamics for years to come.
=== Military ===
=== Military ===
{{main|Royal Holyn Defence Forces}}
{{main|Royal Holyn Defence Forces}}
The Royal Holynian Defence Forces serve as Holynia's primary military force, consisting of the [[Holyn Ground Forces|Ground Forces]], [[Royal Holyn Navy|Navy]] and the [[Royal Holyn Air Force|Air Force]]. Additionally the [[Holyn National Police|National Police]], [[Holyn Coast Guard|Coast Guard]] and the [[Holyn Border Guard|Border Guard]] are subordinated to military command in wartime. The Defence Forces receives a budget of $101 billion, which is roughly 4.7 percent of the country's GDP. The Defence Forces can call upon 347,192 active personnel, of which 131,245 belong to the Ground Force, 111,314 belong to the Navy and 104,633 belong to the Air Force. The military has relied upon volunteers since the 2001 abolition of conscription. Prior to that, all Holynians that reached the age of 18 were required to perform military service or alternate civil service for a period of at least 6 months.
The [[Royal Holyn Defence Forces]] serve as Holynia's main military organization, comprising the [[Holyn Ground Forces|Ground Forces]], [[Royal Holyn Navy|Navy]] and the [[Royal Holyn Air Force|Air Force]]. In times of war, the [[National Police of Holynia|National Police]], Coast Guard, and Border Guard operate under military command. With an annual budget of $101 billion—approximately 4.7% of the nation’s GDP—the Defence Forces maintain an active roster of 347,192 personnel: 131,245 in the Ground Forces, 111,314 in the Navy, and 104,633 in the Air Force. Conscription was abolished in 2001, transitioning the military to a fully volunteer-based system. Before that, all citizens aged 18 were required to complete at least six months of military or alternative civil service.  


The Defence Forces fall under the command of the [[Chief of General Staff (Holynia)|Chief of General Staff]] who is subordinate to the [[Minister of Defence (Holynia)|Minister of Defence]]. In wartime, Ground Force and Navy command assume respective command of the National Police and the Coast Guard. Defence funding is provided through a annual act of Parliament called the ''National Defence Allocation Act'', which proscribes a budget for the following year. Defence spending was, until 2005, dropping as a result of the fall of communism, however since 2008 the annual budget has grown at least 5% every year. Much of the budget has been spent on modernizing equipment, increasing troop pay, constructing new training and living facilities for servicemen and increasing readiness. Holynia maintains a strong state and private defence industry, dating back to before the communist era. This industry has since expanded with growing exports to foreign nations and a healthy domestic market.
The [[Chief of General Staff (Holynia)|Chief of General Staff]] oversees the Defence Forces under the authority of the [[Minister of Defence (Holynia)|Minister of Defence]]. In wartime, the Ground Forces command the National Police, while the Navy directs the Coast Guard. Funding for the military is determined annually through the ''National Defence Allocation Act'', a parliamentary measure setting the budget for the following year. After a period of decline following the fall of communism, defense spending began increasing in 2008, with the budget growing by at least 5% annually. These funds have supported modernization efforts, including upgrading equipment, raising troop salaries, building new training and housing facilities, and enhancing operational readiness. Holynia boasts a robust defense industry, rooted in its pre-communist history, which has expanded in recent years thanks to growing exports and a strong domestic market.


=== Law enforcement and justice ===
=== Law enforcement and justice ===
{{main|National Police of Holynia}}
{{main|National Police of Holynia}}
Holynia has several, sometimes overlapping, law enforcement agencies. The [[Ministry of Public Security (Holynia)|Ministry of Public Security]] is the overarching public safety agency in Holynia. Its most prolific agency is the [[National Police of Holynia]] which handles day to day policing and investigations. Other national level policing agencies are the Immigration Service, which enforces immigration laws and State Security Service, which has {{wp|counter terrorism}} and {{wp|counter intelligence}}. The Border and Customs Service are also considered police, but have ''national defence'' duties as well. Sub national policing agencies include the municipal police services of the Autonomous Municipalities.
Holynia's law enforcement system includes several agencies with overlapping functions. The [[Ministry of Public Security (Holynia)|Ministry of Public Security]] oversees public safety, with the [[National Police of Holynia]] as the primary agency for routine policing and investigations. The [[Státní Bezpečnostní Služba|SBS]] is the primary domestic security and counterterrorism force in Holynia. Local-level law enforcement is managed by municipal police services of the Autonomous Municipalities.


Holynia uses a hybrid of both common-law and civil-law principles with two chief courts, the ''High Court'' handling civil cases and the ''Crown Court'' handling justice, with the ''Supreme Court'' existing as the court of last resort, handling both civil and criminal cases. In addition to the civil and justice courts, military courts and special tribunals also exist in Holynia and handle cases brought by the Supreme Prosecutor of the Ministry of Defence. The Principality of [[Masovia]] maintains its own justice system, with ''Principle Court'' for civil cases and the ''Crown Court'' for criminal justice cases, with the Holynian ''Supreme Court'' in Cizekporok as its court of last resort. The Masov justice system is formed in a similar hybrid system like the national court system, however it does not accept a "not proven" verdict in criminal trials. Along with this difference, the civil courts do not allow a jury system, with the sole verdict lying in the hands of the judge. The Principality of Hornatyia utilizes the national Holynian court system for both civil and criminal cases. In addition, Masovian courts are beneath the national Holynian courts, thus a verdict issued by a national Holynian court will affect a verdict issued by a Masov court.
Holynia follows a hybrid legal system combining common-law and civil-law principles. The High Court handles civil cases, the Crown Court manages criminal justice, and the Supreme Court serves as the final appellate authority for both civil and criminal cases. Additional legal bodies include military courts and special tribunals, which are under the jurisdiction of the Supreme Prosecutor from the Ministry of Defence. The Principality of Masovia has its own justice system, featuring a Principle Court for civil matters and a Crown Court for criminal cases, with the Supreme Court in Cizekporok acting as its highest appellate body. Masovia's system mirrors the national hybrid model but excludes "not proven" verdicts in criminal trials and does not use juries in civil cases. Meanwhile, the Principality of Hornatyia fully integrates with the national court system, and rulings from Holynian courts take precedence over Masovian court decisions.


== Economy ==
== Economy ==
Holynia has a {{wp|developed nation|developed}}, {{wp|World Bank high-income economy|high-income}} {{wp|market economy}} focused on exports of goods, services and resources. The country is a self-described {{wp|welfare state}}, with significant state intervention in healthcare and social services, primarily through [[Holyn Health]]. It has been described by analysts as having a {{wp|State capitalism|state capitalist}} economy stemming from significant government ownership in specific industries. Successive governments have stated Holynia is a free market economy. The Holyn National Bank conducts monetary policy and issues notes and coins of the Holyn Koruna. Holynia has been described as a {{wp|energy superpower}}, holding the second largest coal reserves in the world, large coastal oil shale reserves, and significant mineral reserves. Holynia is also a major grain exporter, being the 4th largest grain exporter in the world. Holynia has a labor participation rate of 67.3% and a unemployment rate of 2.73%, both as of 2021.
Holynia maintains a high-income, export-oriented economy, driven by a robust mix of industrial goods, natural resources, and services. Although officially described as a free-market economy, many analysts classify it as state capitalist due to substantial government ownership in critical industries like energy, mining, and transportation. The country declares itself a welfare state, heavily investing in healthcare and social services through Holyn Health, its publicly funded system. The Holyn National Bank oversees monetary policy and issues the Holyn Koruna (HK). Holynia is a global energy leader, holding the world’s second-largest coal reserves, significant offshore oil shale deposits, and an abundance of rare earth minerals. It is also a leading agricultural exporter, ranking as the fourth-largest global grain supplier, with agriculture contributing significantly to rural employment. As of 2021, Holynia reported a labor participation rate of 67.3% and an unemployment rate of just 2.73%.
 
After the 1998 dissolution of the Holyn Socialist States, Holynia inherited a centrally planned economy mired in inefficiency and stagnation. Initial market reforms struggled, triggering a severe recession from 1998 to 2000. Recovery began under economist and Finance Minister Ludek Horn, whose structural reforms stabilized the economy. By 2005, Holynia had surpassed its 1993 GDP peak, achieving the fastest growth rate among post-Communist Spero states. Unemployment fell to an all-time low of 1.2% in 2008, wages surged, and foreign direct investment soared due to an improved business climate and stringent anti-corruption measures. By 2009, the service sector was expanding by 4% annually, and Holynia emerged as a major investor in southern Spero, financing infrastructure and energy projects that bolstered regional integration.
 
Holynia's financial sector is the most developed in central and southern Spero, anchored by Spořicíbank, the region’s third-largest cooperative bank. Private banking expanded significantly following the liberalization of financial markets in the 2000s, culminating in major government divestments after the 2014 banking reforms.  


Holynia inherited a {{wp|planned economy|centrally planned economy}} following the collapse of the Holyn Socialist States in 1998. The government immediately began implementing the arduous task of implementing a {{wp|market economy}} in the country. The government removed all price controls on goods in July 1999 and began implementing the privitization process of industries. This resulted in economic collapse as hyperinflation increased 200% in 30 days. The Holyn Kupón was devalued and in August 1999, the World Fund considered Holynia in "junk" status and likely to default on its debt. The WF offered Holynia loans in return for significant "shock therapy" style reforms in order to avert a default on its debt. The 1999 Holyn debt crisis, however, resulted in the government defaulting on its foreign debt. The war in Bogoria and complete economic collapse caused poverty levels to rise to 20% by 2000. The country was considered in "absolute poverty" by the Spero Economic Council during the year 2000. Bank runs were commonplace, alongside growing corruption and crime.
The Cizekporok Stock Exchange (CSEX), represents many of Holynia's largest companies, making it Holynia's largest securities market. Among the notable firms is Vol Group a.s., headquartered in Cizekporok, which ranks as a top global insurance provider. Several notable Holyn companies are HY Bank a.s., Vol Group a.s., Malík Komárek a.s. and Uhloram.


Newly installed Finance Minister [[Luděk Horn]], former Finance Minister of Skoskie, immediately began to implement emergency measures. The Koruna was introduced to replace the previous currency, the Kupón, which experienced hyperinflation. The government accepted large WF loans to stabilise the economy. A "firesale" of state enterprises occurred in 2001.
Holynia’s industrial and technological sectors have also flourished, with state-owned enterprises driving innovation in defense, manufacturing, and renewable energy. The government has focused on diversifying the economy, investing in green technologies and promoting tech startups, especially in the Cizekporok and Slatnik innovation hubs. Combined, these efforts have helped Holynia position itself as a regional leader in economic resilience and technological advancement.
=== Energy ===
=== Energy ===
Holynia's energy sector is led by Národní Energetika a.s. (NE), a publicly traded company with partial state ownership. NE operates the country’s major power generation facilities, including coal-fired power plants, hydroelectric dams, and newer renewable energy projects. Alongside NE, several regional power companies supply electricity at local levels, often partnering with private energy providers. Holatom operates all of Holynia's 19 nuclear power stations.
Coal has historically been the backbone of Holynia’s electricity generation, supplying 41.2% of power in 2010. During the mid-20th century, coal dominated the energy landscape, providing nearly 70% of the country's electricity by the 1950s. The environmental toll of heavy coal usage prompted significant shifts in the late 20th century. Rising pollution levels spurred investment in alternative energy sources, including hydropower and natural gas facilities. Coal powered electricity generation has dropped to 25.7% as of 2024.
Nuclear power became part of the mix in the 1960s, with two major nuclear plants—Jablova and Stredohorský—constructed to diversify the energy grid. Nuclear power expanded greatly in the 1970s and 80s, with nuclear power producing 20 GW by 1989. Economic difficulties led to the closure and decommissioning of several older nuclear power plants in the 1990s, and little investment was made until 2005, when the Bresi Nuclear Power Station opened.
The government has accelerated efforts to modernize the sector, particularly under the "Green Horizon 2040" initiative led by the Ministry of Energy. This plan aims to end all coal power generating plants by 2040 while scaling up renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and biomass. Holynia's hydroelectric capacity is among the highest in the Spero region, thanks to the vast network of rivers that power facilities like Dunávská, a flagship hydroelectric plant.
Solar power has also seen rapid growth, particularly in southern Holynia, where government subsidies have incentivized the installation of large-scale solar farms. Efforts to integrate wind energy have faced challenges due to terrain and local opposition, but a pilot offshore wind farm in the Skoskie territory is under development.
Holynia's strategic role as a major energy exporter to neighboring Spero states adds another layer of importance to the sector. In 2023, energy exports accounted for 11% of national GDP, driven by surplus electricity and refined natural gas. Holynia’s reserves of rare earth elements, crucial for battery and green technology, position it as a key player in the global energy transition. The country is also exploring geothermal energy in its northern Hornatyia region, aiming to add another sustainable power source to its growing portfolio.
=== Transport ===
=== Transport ===
[[File:Holyland_railway.jpg|250px|thumb|left|A [[Holynia Railways Class 450|Class 450]] high speed train, which can reach a maximum speed of 300 km/h, travels between Cizekporok and Uhrov.]]
[[File:Holyland_railway.jpg|250px|thumb|left|A [[Holynia Railways Class 450|Class 450]] high speed train, which can reach a maximum speed of 300 km/h, travels between Cizekporok and Uhrov.]]
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== Demographics ==
== Demographics ==
The demographics of Holynia reflect a diverse yet primarily Slavic population shaped by historical migrations, political upheavals, and recent immigration trends. With a population of 109,230,431, Holynia is highly urbanized, and its people hold conservative values influenced by a complex history of monarchy, communism, and the resurgence of the Holyn Catholic Church. The country’s ethnic, linguistic, and religious composition provides insight into its socio-cultural landscape and the ongoing influences of modernization and immigration.
=== Urbanization ===
=== Urbanization ===
Holynia is a highly urbanized nation, with approximately 75% of the population residing in cities and urban centers. Major cities include the capital, Cizekporok, and other significant urban areas like Bystrica, Uhrov, and Slatnik. The rapid urbanization began during the communist era as industrialization efforts accelerated, driving people from rural areas into cities. After the fall of communism, urban growth continued, fueled by economic development and the concentration of education, health, and economic opportunities in urban areas. Modern Holynian cities showcase a blend of architectural styles, from Baroque and Gothic influences in historic districts to Soviet-era constructions and contemporary designs in newer neighborhoods.
=== Ethnic groups ===
=== Ethnic groups ===
The population of Holynia is predominantly Slavic, with two primary ethnic groups: the Hornats and the Masovs. Hornats, who make up approximately 65% of the population, while Masovs, comprising about 30%. Both groups share similar language and cultural ties. Smaller Slavic communities, including the Bogors constitute the remaining 5% of the population. In recent years, Holynia has seen an influx of immigrants, particularly from the Arab world and neighboring Slavic states, adding to its ethnic diversity. Arab immigrants, although a small minority, have become an influential group, contributing to Holynia's cultural and economic spheres, particularly in the fields of business and academia.
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=== Language ===
=== Language ===
Holynia recognizes two official languages: Hornat and Masov. Hornat, is the primary language spoken by the majority Hornat ethnic group and is the main language of government, education, and media. Masov, is widely spoken by the Masov ethnic group and has official status in Masov-majority regions. Bilingualism in Hornat and Masov is common, especially in urban areas and among younger generations. Smaller Slavic languages, such as Bogor, are spoken within their respective communities, though they lack official status. Holynia’s government promotes language preservation efforts and education programs for minority languages.
=== Religion ===
=== Religion ===
Religion in Holynia is led by the Holyn Catholic Church, which, despite a history of persecution during the communist era, remains the largest religious institution in the country. Around 60% of Holynians identify as Holyn Catholic, although religious practice varies widely, with some adhering strictly to conservative beliefs and others maintaining a more cultural affiliation. During the communist era, the Holyn Catholic Church faced extensive persecution, and much of its leadership, including the monarchy, fled to Skoskie, a former Holyn colony in Navron. The church experienced a resurgence after the fall of communism, with many leaders returning from Skoskie. Around 25% of Holynians identify as atheist or non-religious, a legacy of the communist period’s secularization policies. Smaller Protestant communities also exist, and a small Muslim minority, primarily composed of recent Arab immigrants, has developed in larger cities.
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=== Health ===
=== Health and education ===
=== Education ===
Holynia provides universal healthcare, with a well-developed system that includes hospitals, specialized medical centers, and primary care facilities throughout the country. The healthcare system has improved substantially since the communist era, although rural areas occasionally experience shortages of specialized medical professionals. Life expectancy in Holynia is around 78 years, with common health challenges reflecting European trends, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer.
 
Education in Holynia is compulsory from ages 6 to 15 and includes primary, secondary, and tertiary levels. The literacy rate is high, and Holynia is home to several prestigious universities, including the Cizekporok State University and the Technical University of Tisno. The education system, which emphasizes STEM and vocational skills, has adapted in recent years to accommodate an increasing number of international students and minority-language programs.


== Culture ==
== Culture ==
[[category:Holynia]]
[[category:Holynia]]
[[category:Countries in Spero]]

Revision as of 15:31, 2 December 2024

Holyn Kingdom
Holynska Kráľovstvo
Flag of
Flag
Coat of arms of
Coat of arms
Anthem: Bože, Zachráň Kráľa! (Hornat)
(English: "God, Save the King!")
Holynia Political Map.png
Location of Holynia with Spero
Capital
and largest city
Cizekporok
Official languagesHornat
Masov
Recognised regional languagesBogor
Ethnic groups
(2015)
68.3% Hornat
29.4% Masov
2.3% other
Demonym(s)
  • Holynian
  • Holyn
GovernmentConstitutional Monarchy
• King
Mikuláš I
• Prime Minister
Renáta Mišurová
LegislatureNárodná Rada (National Council)
Foundation
• First Holyně Realm
81 BC
• Second Holyně Realm
1052
• Holyně Kingdom
December 1574
• Union of Holyně Socialist States
December 1927
• Republic of Holynia
September 1998
• Second Holyně Kingdom
April 2001
Population
• 2024 estimate
129,230,431
• 2022 census
128,554,321
• Density
107.70/km2 (278.9/sq mi)
GDP (nominal)2018 estimate
• Total
$2.26 trillion
• Per capita
$20,737
HDI (2019)0.901
very high
CurrencyKoruna (HRK)
Calling code+63
Internet TLD.hk

Holynia, also referred to as Holyn, officially the Holyn Kingdom (Hornat and Masov: Holynska Kráľovstvo and Holynska Království), is a sovereign state located in eastern Spero, with an overseas territory in Navron. Its mainland spans 1,014,174 square kilometers and is home to 109.2 million people. Holynia borders six countries, Grola and Movargovina in the north, Stesopol to the northeast, Bogoria to the east, and Elmad and Corvia to the nothwest. Including its overseas territory of Skoskie in Navron, Holynia’s total area expands to 1,951,365 square kilometers, with a population of 127.3 million. Despite its mountainous terrain, the nation has a relatively low population density of 79 people per square kilometer. The capital and largest city, Cizekporok, houses over 7 million residents. Holynia operates as a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of government.

Modern Holynia traces its origins to the medieval Holyně Realm, a union of the Duchy of Hornatyia and the Duchy of Masovia. At its peak, the realm extended into modern-day Movargovina, Stesopol, Elmad, and Corvia. However, internal disputes led to its collapse around 120 CE. Hornatyia remained influential under King Cizek I, while Masovia fragmented due to noble rivalries. The Council of Skrbovice introduced Catholicism, further uniting the region culturally. By 1052, Masovia fell completely, and Hornatyia annexed it, reestablishing the Holyně Realm.

In 1310, Holynia faced devastation during the Grolan Empire's invasion, known as "the Catastrophe." After years of conflict, Holynia emerged victorious at the Battle of Bavorovská Hill but was left economically weakened. Recovery took centuries, with the 1611 formation of the National Council marking the beginning of a gradual modernization. By the 17th century, Holynia had joined Spero's colonial powers, establishing a small presence in Navron.

In 1801, Holynia successfully repelled another Grolan invasion during the 10 Years’ War, gaining territory at the Treisburg Conference. The kingdom later participated in the Great Spero War (1917–1919), emerging from the stalemate with growing calls for reform. In 1921, Holynia transitioned from an absolute to a constitutional monarchy under King Kováč II, with a parliamentary government gaining legislative powers.

In 1927, the Workers' Party of Holynia, led by Volen Hajek, overthrew the monarchy, forcing King Kováč II to flee to Skoskie. The Union of Holyn Socialist States was established, ushering in a tumultuous period marked by famine, chaos, and eventual industrialization. By the 1940s, the economy stabilized, but stagnation and natural disasters in the 1980s led to economic decline.

Ethnic tensions erupted into the Bogorian War in the 1990s, further destabilizing the nation. Communist rule ended in 1998 following democratic elections, with the monarchy restored in 2001 under King Daniel II. Skoskie rejoined Holynia in 2002, and the nation integrated into the global economy.

Today, Holynia boasts a highly developed, high-income economy with advanced technology and low unemployment, though wealth inequality persists. It maintains rapid GDP growth and is a member of the Southern Artemia Commerce Initiative, International Trade Commission, and the Global Monetary Fund.

History

Early history

The earliest evidence of human presence in the region now known as Holynia dates back approximately 500,000 years. However, the harsh climatic conditions, particularly in the north, hindered permanent settlement for much of prehistory. Instead, early humans migrated seasonally, focusing on the more temperate southern regions.

By the Neolithic period, the Masovia and southern Hornatyia regions became centers of human activity. These areas, with their fertile lands and abundant resources, supported early agricultural communities. Permanent settlements emerged, and trade networks began connecting Holynia with neighboring regions. By the Bronze and Iron Ages, Slavic populations dominated the area, and their settlements became more densely populated, reflecting social and technological advancements.

Around 400 CE, two distinct nations emerged: Hornatyia in the highlands and Masovia in the fertile lowlands. While culturally similar, the two nations developed unique identities. Hornatyia, with its rugged terrain, became known for its fortified hill settlements and warrior culture, while Masovia thrived as an agricultural hub, building wealth through trade. Despite their independence, the two nations were interdependent, sharing linguistic and cultural ties and often allying for mutual defense.

Throughout this period, the region faced frequent conflicts with neighboring Slavic and non-Slavic groups. Raids and territorial disputes were common, prompting Hornatyia and Masovia to strengthen their military and diplomatic ties.

In 996 CE, after centuries of collaboration and shared defense against external threats, the leaders of Hornatyia and Masovia agreed to unite under the name Holyně, signifying a shared cultural and political identity. This union was both a pragmatic and symbolic act, consolidating power and establishing the foundation of what would become the Holyně Realm. This unification marked the beginning of a new chapter in the region's history, with Holyně evolving into a cohesive medieval state.

First and Second Holyně Realm

The Holyně Realm would soon emerge as a powerful force in Spero as it absorbed neighboring territories. At its height, the Realm encompassed regions within modern-day Movargovina, Stesopol, Elmad, and Corvia. The Realm was an alliance of two prominent duchies: the Duchy of Hornatyia to the north and the Duchy of Masovia to the south. The realm’s political and military unity allowed it to thrive under rulers like Duke Svatomír of Hornatyia, a fierce commander who expanded the territory westward and established a fortified capital at Bavorov.

The Duchy of Hornatyia, known for its strong economic base and disciplined military, held a dominant influence within the Realm. In contrast, the Masovian Duchy was plagued by internal disputes and succession conflicts, destabilizing its ability to govern effectively. Rivalries between noble families led to frequent feuds, with cities like Skrbovice, a growing center of commerce, caught in cycles of factional strife. In approximately 1200, these internal conflicts reached a breaking point. The once-unified Holyně Realm fragmented, leading to a collapse that would leave a significant impact on the political landscape of the region.

First Holyně Kingdom

Following the dissolution of the Holyně Realm, the Duchy of Hornatyia re-emerged as a powerful independent entity. In 1215, Cizek I, a shrewd and ambitious leader, declared himself the King of Hornatyia, establishing a new monarchy and consolidating control over the northern territories. Hornatyia experienced growth under his leadership, benefitting from alliances with emerging powers to the east and expanding trade in towns like Kostelec and Liberec. Cizek I's descendants continued his policies, fortifying Hornatyia's position in the region as a dominant power.

Meanwhile, the Duchy of Masovia continued its descent into instability. Rival claimants and noble factions clashed repeatedly, and Masovian rulers struggled to impose order. In 1052, the Hanák Dynasty, the last ruling family of Masovia, fell after a series of failed campaigns to unify the region. The collapse of the Masovian Kingdom presented Hornatyia with an opportunity for expansion. King Miloslav II launched a swift invasion, reclaiming Masovian territories and officially reuniting the region under the reestablished Holyně Realm. This new era marked the introduction of Catholicism to the former Holyně territories, spurred by the Council of Skrbovice, which sought to unify the populace under one faith.

In 1310, Holyně faced a dire threat from the Grolan Empire, a formidable northern neighbor that sought to expand its influence southward. The invasion, remembered as "the Catastrophe," devastated the kingdom’s defenses and led to the occupation of several key towns, including the prosperous city of Vsetin. After years of fighting, the tide turned in Holynia's favor during the pivotal Battle of Bavorovská Hill in 1347. Under the command of General Janek of Praska, Holynian forces pushed the Grolan invaders back, reclaiming lost territory and restoring order. However, the destruction left by the war crippled the kingdom’s infrastructure, setting back its economic and social development by centuries.

Holynia slowly rebuilt after the Catastrophe, and in 1611, a new form of governance emerged. The first national legislature, the National Council of Hornatyia and Masovia, was convened, establishing a more representative government. This period saw Holynia begin its transformation from feudalism to a more modern capitalist economy, with towns like Praskov, a key port city on the Tisnov River, developing into hubs of trade and commerce. By the late 17th century, Holynia had begun modest colonial ventures, establishing outposts in Navron alongside larger powers.

In 1801, Holynia was drawn into the 10 Years’ War when the Grolan Empire, in alliance with other regional powers, invaded the neighboring states of Ivathia and Corvia. Led by King Benedikt IV, Holynia resisted and ultimately repelled the Grolan forces at the Battle of Libenov. The subsequent Treisburg Conference reshaped the balance of power in the region, dividing former Grolan territories between Holynia, Ivathia, and Corvia. This victory marked a high point in Holynian influence, as the kingdom emerged as a respected player in Spero’s political sphere.

In 1917, Holynia joined the Great Spero War on the side of the Eastern Powers. The two-year conflict ended in a costly stalemate, leading to widespread disillusionment and calls for political reform. Holynia, like much of Spero, experienced economic hardship in the war's aftermath, as inflation and unemployment soared. These challenges, along with the influence of socialist movements across the continent, led to growing public pressure for change. King Kováč II, recognizing the need for modernization, approved a plan by the National Council in 1921 to adopt a new constitution, limiting royal power and establishing a parliamentary system with an executive Prime Minister. For the first time, civilian leaders gained significant legislative authority, and Holynia took its first steps toward constitutional monarchy.

Communist Holynia

Main article: Holyn Socialist States

A new era of crisis in Holynia began in 1921 with the founding of the Holyn Workers’ Party (HWP) by communist leader Volen Hajek. Hajek established People’s Councils in cities like Bystrica and Uhrov, challenging the monarchy by governing locally through elected workers and peasants. The Bystrica council gained control over local police and rivaled the city council in authority. Despite attempts by King Kováč II to suppress these councils with military force, they endured, supported by a miners’ strike in northern Hornatyia.

To address the escalating crisis, Kováč II relinquished certain powers to an expanded legislature and executive branch, ending direct monarchical rule. The HWP joined the new Narodna Rada, winning the second-largest share of seats in the 1923 elections. However, dissatisfaction with being in opposition led the party to destabilize the government further.

By 1926, civil war broke out between the HWP’s Popular Army and monarchist forces. The Workers’ Party controlled northern Hornatyia and western Masovia, while loyalists held central Hornatyia and Bogoria. Fierce fighting devastated cities like Uhrov and the midlands. In October 1924, Cizekporok was surrounded, forcing Kováč II to flee to Skoskie, where a pro-monarchy government-in-exile was formed. The war, claiming 3 million lives, ended with a communist victory.

Hajek’s government implemented sweeping economic reforms, nationalizing land and businesses while encouraging urbanization. Collective farming and industrial subsidies helped rebuild Holynia’s economy, surpassing pre-war output by 1930. A new constitution in 1931 centralized power, outlawed political opposition, and gave the HWP total control. The Státní ředitelství bezpečnosti (SRB) enforced this regime through arrests, executions, and deportations.

Military vehicles in Utena during the 1957 Bogorian unrest.

After Hajek’s death in 1941, Jan Kříž took power, intensifying collectivization and focusing on international communism. Defense spending soared to 25% of GDP as Kříž sought to export socialism. Holynia’s first military deployment occurred during the Salcheny Crisis in 1947. In 1951, Holynia intervened in Movargovina, supporting communist rebels and overthrowing its government. Holynia’s first nuclear test in 1952 cemented its regional influence.

Domestically, tensions peaked during the 1957 Bogorian unrest, when protests over police killings escalated into violent clashes, leaving 400 civilians dead. Kříž’s declining health led to his removal in 1959, and Jiří Liška succeeded him.

Under Liška, economic liberalization began, allowing small private businesses and granting autonomy to state enterprises. Holynia’s first satellite, Satelit-1, launched in 1960, marking a technological milestone. Political reforms followed with the 1972 constitution, introducing limited liberalization while maintaining HWP dominance. Liška’s death in 1975 ended this era of cautious reform.

Łuków Volcano during its 1989 eruption.

Liška’s successor, Kamil Sládek, reversed political reforms and centralized power. Sládek launched massive infrastructure projects, including motorways, airports, and railways, which reduced unemployment but plunged Holynia into debt. In 1984, unrest erupted in Bogoria, leading to a brutal crackdown with hundreds of civilian deaths.

Twin disasters in the late 1980s— the Vamik Dam collapse and the Łuków Volcano eruption—killed over 13,000 people and displaced hundreds of thousands. Public outrage over government mismanagement led to hyperinflation and a deep recession. Sládek’s refusal to step down exacerbated public unrest, and his death in 1993 paved the way for reformist leader Vlastimil Prusík.

Fighting in Bogoria in January 1998.

Prusík introduced economic and political reforms to stabilize Holynia, opening two-thirds of parliamentary seats to elections. However, these measures halved economic output, spiked unemployment, and caused public dissatisfaction. In 1997, rebellion broke out in Bogoria, led by ethnic Bogorian military officers. Pro-democracy protests spread nationwide, paralyzing the government.

In mid-1998, Prusík and the Workers’ Party leadership resigned, unable to manage the crises. Col. General Radek Nedvěd became interim president, forming a unity government with communist and opposition leaders. Jonáš Široký, a pro-democracy figure, became interim prime minister, marking the end of the Workers’ Party’s rule and Holynia’s transition to democracy.

Second Holyně Kingdom

In 1998, Holynia adopted an interim constitution via referendum, with elections held on October 15, which brought Jonáš Široký and the Naša Budúcnosť party to power. Široký's government initiated economic reforms to transition from a communist to a capitalist economy. Amid these changes, Holynia faced escalating ethnic conflict in Bogoria. A ceasefire collapsed, but in 1999, the Treisburg Treaty was signed, paving the way for a peacekeeping mission and an independence referendum in Bogoria.

Široký’s government pursued austerity measures and economic reforms, but public opposition grew due to rising unemployment and the impact on workers. A 1999 royal visit sparked support for monarchy restoration, culminating in a 2000 referendum where 67% backed becoming a constitutional monarchy and reuniting with Skoskie. Alexandr IV was crowned in 2001, coinciding with economic recovery fueled by returning expatriates and a growing middle class.

However, the liberal Široký government lost a no-confidence vote in 2003 and the 2004 election to Andrej Sedláček’s reformed leftist Workers’ Party. Sedláček halted privatization, stabilizing unemployment. In response to the dominance of private conglomerates, the government formed the state-run Holcentrálnyštátnyobchodnýholdingy, later broken up by court order due to its monopolistic practices. A new state entity, Holinvestičnéholdingy, was created to manage state assets and investments.

In 2010, the conservative Civic Renewal Party won power under Janos Ratkovec, who pursued free trade agreements with the Spero Economic Council. His administration collapsed in 2015 due to corruption scandals, leading to a Workers’ Party victory under Štefan Jahnátek. Jahnátek’s government implemented wage reforms, linking the minimum wage to inflation.

In 2019, Renáta Mišurová’s National Renewal Party assumed power, marking a shift to right-wing populism. Mišurová implemented stricter immigration policies and adopted a more aggressive foreign policy, culminating in Holynia’s controversial invasion of Kifathe. Though militarily successful, the invasion resulted in a prolonged insurgency, challenging Holynia’s stability.

Geography

Main article: Geography of Holynia
The plains of Masovia.

The majority of Holynia is located in Southern Spero and is called Mainland Holynia, in contrast to Overseas Holynia, the overseas colony and islands that it controls. It is bordered by the Holyn Sea to the southwest and the Great Spero Sea to the southeast. It shares land borders with Elmad and Corvia to the northwest, Grola and Movargovina to the north, Stesopol to the northeast, and Bogoria to the east.

Holynia features vast differences in elevations. Southern Holynia comprises coastal plains which lead to rolling hills of central Masovia. Masovia is made up of flat, fertile prairie land. The Hulín plateau traverses north to south and straddles the Holynia-Bogoria border. The relief of the Hulín plateau is not high, but its rugged nature makes this region notable. The River Obrec seperates Masovia's plains and hills from the dense forested lowlands of Hornatyia. The Obrec highlands are situated just north of the Hornat lowlands, a fertile region of Hornatyia. The Gatihazi mountains form the Holynian portion of the Gatis, a large mountain range system spanning east to west across central Spero. The River Suli flows from the Gatihazi southwest to the Holyn Sea.

The Obrec highlands divide much of central Holynia.

Mountains and rivers

Hornatyia, the northern region of Holynia, derives its name from the term meaning "mountainous land," a fitting description as 40% of its territory is mountainous. The region is dominated by the Gatihazi Mountain Range, the largest and highest in Holynia, which extends from the Hornat-Corvic border along the Hornat-Grola border, culminating in the Bytca Valley. This valley separates the Gatihazi range from the Hornat-Movargovinian border. The western Gatihazi are primarily composed of granite, while limestone dominates to the east. Holynia's highest peak, Králové Mountain, is situated east of the Bytca Valley, where the range continues into Stesopol. The Gatihazi are rich in mineral resources, including anthracite, bituminous coal, and iron ore.

The Obrec Highlands, located in southern Hornatyia, feature rugged terrain shaped by glacial meltwaters. These highlands, which peak at 2,000 meters, are bordered by dense forests to the south and the rolling hills of the Hornat Lowlands.

The River Obrec, Holynia's longest river, originates in the Gatihazi and flows north to south through the Obrec Highlands, eventually emptying into the Great Spero Sea. Its delta in Masovia forms Holynia’s largest drainage basin and is one of the largest in the Spero region.

Another significant river, the River Suli, also originates in the Gatihazi. It flows west of the Obrec Highlands and south through the western Masovian Plains, meeting the Holyn Sea north of Kovtik. The Suli Valley is a critical agricultural area for Holynia, contributing to the region’s economic vitality.

Climate

The climate of Holynia is characterized by significant regional variation, influenced by its extensive range from the temperate Great Spero Sea in the south to the Arctic Ocean in the north. It features a mix of temperate maritime, continental, and subarctic conditions. Mountainous regions in the north of the country create additional microclimates, while large bodies of water like the Great Spero Sea moderate temperatures in the southern and central areas.

Southern Holynia, bordering the Great Spero Sea, experiences a temperate maritime climate. Winters are generally mild with occasional frost, while summers are warm but not overly hot, averaging around 20–25°C (68–77°F) in July. Precipitation is relatively high throughout the year due to prevailing westerly winds from the Great Spero Sea, bringing regular rain and cloud cover. The coastal climate supports a diverse range of vegetation, including broadleaf and mixed forests, and contributes to Holynia’s fertile agricultural zones.

The central regions of Holynia, away from the moderating influence of the Great Spero Sea, experience a more continental climate with distinct seasonal temperature fluctuations. Winters are cold, often dropping below freezing, while summers are warmer than in the south, reaching up to 30°C (86°F) during heat waves. Snow is common in winter, especially at higher elevations. The varied landscape includes lowlands, forests, and valleys, making this area a critical region for agriculture, though conditions can be harsher in winter compared to the coastal south.

Northern Holynia, extending to the Arctic Ocean, has a subarctic to Arctic climate, with long, extremely cold winters and short, cool summers. The mountainous areas in the north enhance this cold climate, creating pockets of alpine tundra at higher elevations. Winter temperatures frequently fall below -20°C (-4°F), and snowfall is heavy, persisting for much of the year. Summers are brief, with temperatures rarely exceeding 10°C (50°F), allowing only limited vegetation, mostly consisting of hardy shrubs and boreal forest. The Arctic coastline remains frozen for much of the year, contributing to Holynia’s unique biodiversity and challenging conditions for human habitation.

Politics

Main article: Politics of Holynia
Švedlar Palace and Cizek square in the background in Cizekporok. Švedlar Palace is the seat of the monarchy of Holynia and formal residence of the Monarch.
The Národná Rada in Cizekporok, is the national legislature in Holynia.
The Supreme Court in Cizekporok, is the chief court of Holynia and is the court of final appeal in Holynia.

Holynia operates as a constitutional monarchy with a hereditary monarch serving as the ceremonial head of state. Political power is centered on the Prime Minister and the cabinet, who oversee the executive branch. The framework for Holynia's government is established in the current Constitution of 2005, which replaced the 2001 constitution—a heavily amended version of the original 1999 constitution drafted after Holynia’s political reforms.

The monarch formally appoints the Prime Minister and cabinet ministers, but these appointments are based on the recommendations of the Národná Rada, Holynia's parliament. The Prime Minister is the de facto most powerful figure in the government, directing executive functions and shaping national policy. The cabinet works collectively to implement laws and manage day-to-day governance.

The Národná Rada is a bicameral legislature composed of two chambers, the Council of Regions, an upper house with 100 seats, and the Council of Representatives, the lower house, has 600 seats and represents the population proportionally. Elections for the Národná Rada occur every five years, using a proportional representation system that ensures fair political representation for Holynia's diverse political parties.

The Royal Commissioner, elected annually by a secret ballot in the Národná Rada, serves as an independent authority to oversee the legality of government actions. The Royal Commissioner has the power to issue rulings on the constitutionality of certain policies and to review executive decisions for compliance with the constitution.

Monarchy

Holynia is a unitary state with a hereditary monarch as its ceremonial head of state, currently King Mikuláš I. While the monarch formally holds all executive powers under the Constitution of 2005, these are exercised only on the advice of the Prime Minister, reflecting the constitutional monarchy’s symbolic nature. The monarch’s duties include appointing the Prime Minister and cabinet, opening parliamentary sessions, granting royal assent to legislation, and representing Holynia at national and international events.

Despite their largely ceremonial role, the monarch retains two reserve powers: the ability to reject a proposed government if it is deemed unfit or incapable of forming a majority, and the authority to dismiss a sitting government through the Royal Commissioner if it violates constitutional principles. However, these powers have never been used in modern Holyn history, as the monarchy’s role is focused on maintaining stability and neutrality within the democratic system.

Administrative divisions

Holynia’s administrative structure is organized into three primary levels: Principalities, Regions (Kraj), and Municipalities, including both autonomous municipalities and direct municipalities.

The country is divided into two Principalities, which, alongside five autonomous municipalities, serve as the first-level administrative divisions. Each Principality is further subdivided into Regions, creating a total of 20 regions across Holynia. Beneath the regions are counties, which serve as geographical divisions with no independent governmental authority.

The Principalities are governed by a First Minister, who is accountable to a Principality Council that oversees legislative and administrative matters within their jurisdiction. The Regions are managed by Regional Authorities, led by a Chief Executive responsible for local governance and implementation of regional policies.

The five autonomous municipalities enjoy greater self-governance than other municipalities, with each headed by a directly elected Mayor and a City Council. These entities have significant control over local affairs, including taxation and infrastructure. By contrast, direct municipalities, while also governed by a Mayor and City Council, have more limited authority and operate under the oversight of their respective Regional Authorities.

Principality

The Principalities of Hornatyia and Masovia are traditionally associated with the ceremonial roles of the Prince of Hornatyia and Prince of Masovia, though these titles carry no legal authority under Holynia's constitution. Instead, governance is based on each Principality's Basic Law, which acts as its primary legal framework.

Both Principalities share the same governmental structure. Executive authority is vested in a First Minister, who leads the Principality government. The First Minister is elected by the Principality Council, a unicameral legislature elected every four years using a proportional representation system. The council oversees devolved powers granted under the Devolved Powers Act of 2003 and Articles 6 through 9 of the Constitution of 2001.

The National Council remains the supreme legislative body in Holynia, with exclusive authority over key areas such as defense, healthcare, and foreign relations. In cases of overlapping legislation, national laws always take precedence over Principality laws.

Region

Holynia is divided into 20 regions, known locally as Kraj, which serve as the second-level administrative divisions of the country. Each region functions as an essential unit of governance, bridging local municipalities and the national government.

The regions are governed by Regional Authorities, headed by a Chief Executive who oversees regional administration and policy implementation. The Chief Executive is selected by the region's legislative body, the Regional Council, which consists of 100 seats. Members of the Regional Council are elected every four years using a proportional representation system, ensuring fair representation for diverse political groups within each region.

The Regional Authorities hold responsibilities for a variety of public services, including regional infrastructure, education, transportation, and certain economic development initiatives. These powers are defined within the framework of the Devolved Powers Act of 2003 and complement the broader legislative authority of the national government. The system ensures that regions maintain a degree of autonomy while remaining aligned with national policies and priorities.

Overseas Territory

Main articles: Holyn Overseas Territory and Skoskie
The government headquarters and office of the Chief Executive of the Overseas Territory of Skoskie.

The Overseas Territory of Skoskie is Holynia's sole overseas territory, distinct from Holynia proper. While Holynia retains sovereignty over Skoskie, the territory is not a sovereign state, relying on Holynia for foreign relations and defense. The Holyn monarch serves as the head of state for Skoskie in their capacity as the monarch of Holynia, rather than as a separate role.

Skoskie's government exercises extensive autonomy, holding full legislative authority in most domestic affairs. It maintains separate legal and taxation systems, including its own Supreme Court of Skoskie as the highest court of appeal. The territory uses the Skoskie Koruna, a direct descendant of the original Holyn Koruna abolished in 1927.

Citizenship in Skoskie is divided between Holyn Citizens and Holyn Overseas Citizens. Following Skoskie’s reunification with Holynia in 2001, all Skoskie residents became Holyn Overseas Citizens by default. To gain full Holyn citizenship, individuals needed to demonstrate a qualifying connection to Holynia, such as familial ties or pre-1927 residency. Holyn citizenship provides rights to abode and unrestricted entry in both Holynia and Skoskie, while Holyn Overseas Citizenship restricts these rights to Skoskie alone.

The monarch is represented by the Governor General of Skoskie, who grants Royal Assent to local legislation. Skoskie’s executive authority lies with a Chief Executive, elected by the Legislative Council, which is chosen every four years via closed-list proportional representation.

Originally a colony established by the Holyn International Trading Company in 1824, Skoskie became independent following the Holyn Revolution in 1927. From 1947 to 2001, Skoskie was a separate state under the Holyn monarch. In 2001, Skoskie reunited with Holynia as an Overseas Territory, restoring Holyn sovereignty while maintaining significant self-governance. Calls for independence persist but remain a minority position.

Foreign relations

Main article: Foreign relations of Holynia

Holynia’s foreign policy has undergone a transformation from its communist superpower days to an assertive, ambitious role on the international stage. After its communist government fell in the late 1990s, Holynia lost influence in Spero, including a significant defeat in its separatist war with Bogoria. The 2000s marked a period of economic rebuilding, during which Holynia sought to mend relations with neighbors like Bogoria, Stesopol, and the Elmad Federation. However, Holynia lacked a cohesive foreign policy direction and struggled to regain its former regional influence.

By the 2010s, Holynia had adopted a more assertive approach, investing in economic diplomacy and leadership roles in international organizations to rebuild its global reputation. It developed close alliances with nations like the Elmad Federation and became a key player in the Pan-Sperian Economic Partnership, strengthening its role as a regional hub for manufacturing and technology. This strategy extended to military interventions, with Holynia’s recent involvement in Navron framed as securing stability, though many view it as an attempt to expand influence. Holynia’s support for the authoritarian regime in Saha has further raised its profile while drawing criticism, as it counters the influence of the Federal States of Cusco, the primary Western power.

Holynia’s growing assertiveness has generated concerns from Cusco and its allies, leading to sanctions and diplomatic backlash. Despite this, Holynia positions itself as a counterweight to Cusco’s influence, emphasizing alliances with nations that share its resistance to Western power structures. Balancing economic partnerships with military interventions, Holynia’s foreign policy is both a return to and departure from its past. Its trajectory as an emerging power in Spero will likely shape regional and global dynamics for years to come.

Military

Main article: Royal Holyn Defence Forces

The Royal Holyn Defence Forces serve as Holynia's main military organization, comprising the Ground Forces, Navy and the Air Force. In times of war, the National Police, Coast Guard, and Border Guard operate under military command. With an annual budget of $101 billion—approximately 4.7% of the nation’s GDP—the Defence Forces maintain an active roster of 347,192 personnel: 131,245 in the Ground Forces, 111,314 in the Navy, and 104,633 in the Air Force. Conscription was abolished in 2001, transitioning the military to a fully volunteer-based system. Before that, all citizens aged 18 were required to complete at least six months of military or alternative civil service.

The Chief of General Staff oversees the Defence Forces under the authority of the Minister of Defence. In wartime, the Ground Forces command the National Police, while the Navy directs the Coast Guard. Funding for the military is determined annually through the National Defence Allocation Act, a parliamentary measure setting the budget for the following year. After a period of decline following the fall of communism, defense spending began increasing in 2008, with the budget growing by at least 5% annually. These funds have supported modernization efforts, including upgrading equipment, raising troop salaries, building new training and housing facilities, and enhancing operational readiness. Holynia boasts a robust defense industry, rooted in its pre-communist history, which has expanded in recent years thanks to growing exports and a strong domestic market.

Law enforcement and justice

Main article: National Police of Holynia

Holynia's law enforcement system includes several agencies with overlapping functions. The Ministry of Public Security oversees public safety, with the National Police of Holynia as the primary agency for routine policing and investigations. The SBS is the primary domestic security and counterterrorism force in Holynia. Local-level law enforcement is managed by municipal police services of the Autonomous Municipalities.

Holynia follows a hybrid legal system combining common-law and civil-law principles. The High Court handles civil cases, the Crown Court manages criminal justice, and the Supreme Court serves as the final appellate authority for both civil and criminal cases. Additional legal bodies include military courts and special tribunals, which are under the jurisdiction of the Supreme Prosecutor from the Ministry of Defence. The Principality of Masovia has its own justice system, featuring a Principle Court for civil matters and a Crown Court for criminal cases, with the Supreme Court in Cizekporok acting as its highest appellate body. Masovia's system mirrors the national hybrid model but excludes "not proven" verdicts in criminal trials and does not use juries in civil cases. Meanwhile, the Principality of Hornatyia fully integrates with the national court system, and rulings from Holynian courts take precedence over Masovian court decisions.

Economy

Holynia maintains a high-income, export-oriented economy, driven by a robust mix of industrial goods, natural resources, and services. Although officially described as a free-market economy, many analysts classify it as state capitalist due to substantial government ownership in critical industries like energy, mining, and transportation. The country declares itself a welfare state, heavily investing in healthcare and social services through Holyn Health, its publicly funded system. The Holyn National Bank oversees monetary policy and issues the Holyn Koruna (HK). Holynia is a global energy leader, holding the world’s second-largest coal reserves, significant offshore oil shale deposits, and an abundance of rare earth minerals. It is also a leading agricultural exporter, ranking as the fourth-largest global grain supplier, with agriculture contributing significantly to rural employment. As of 2021, Holynia reported a labor participation rate of 67.3% and an unemployment rate of just 2.73%.

After the 1998 dissolution of the Holyn Socialist States, Holynia inherited a centrally planned economy mired in inefficiency and stagnation. Initial market reforms struggled, triggering a severe recession from 1998 to 2000. Recovery began under economist and Finance Minister Ludek Horn, whose structural reforms stabilized the economy. By 2005, Holynia had surpassed its 1993 GDP peak, achieving the fastest growth rate among post-Communist Spero states. Unemployment fell to an all-time low of 1.2% in 2008, wages surged, and foreign direct investment soared due to an improved business climate and stringent anti-corruption measures. By 2009, the service sector was expanding by 4% annually, and Holynia emerged as a major investor in southern Spero, financing infrastructure and energy projects that bolstered regional integration.

Holynia's financial sector is the most developed in central and southern Spero, anchored by Spořicíbank, the region’s third-largest cooperative bank. Private banking expanded significantly following the liberalization of financial markets in the 2000s, culminating in major government divestments after the 2014 banking reforms.

The Cizekporok Stock Exchange (CSEX), represents many of Holynia's largest companies, making it Holynia's largest securities market. Among the notable firms is Vol Group a.s., headquartered in Cizekporok, which ranks as a top global insurance provider. Several notable Holyn companies are HY Bank a.s., Vol Group a.s., Malík Komárek a.s. and Uhloram.

Holynia’s industrial and technological sectors have also flourished, with state-owned enterprises driving innovation in defense, manufacturing, and renewable energy. The government has focused on diversifying the economy, investing in green technologies and promoting tech startups, especially in the Cizekporok and Slatnik innovation hubs. Combined, these efforts have helped Holynia position itself as a regional leader in economic resilience and technological advancement.

Energy

Holynia's energy sector is led by Národní Energetika a.s. (NE), a publicly traded company with partial state ownership. NE operates the country’s major power generation facilities, including coal-fired power plants, hydroelectric dams, and newer renewable energy projects. Alongside NE, several regional power companies supply electricity at local levels, often partnering with private energy providers. Holatom operates all of Holynia's 19 nuclear power stations.

Coal has historically been the backbone of Holynia’s electricity generation, supplying 41.2% of power in 2010. During the mid-20th century, coal dominated the energy landscape, providing nearly 70% of the country's electricity by the 1950s. The environmental toll of heavy coal usage prompted significant shifts in the late 20th century. Rising pollution levels spurred investment in alternative energy sources, including hydropower and natural gas facilities. Coal powered electricity generation has dropped to 25.7% as of 2024.

Nuclear power became part of the mix in the 1960s, with two major nuclear plants—Jablova and Stredohorský—constructed to diversify the energy grid. Nuclear power expanded greatly in the 1970s and 80s, with nuclear power producing 20 GW by 1989. Economic difficulties led to the closure and decommissioning of several older nuclear power plants in the 1990s, and little investment was made until 2005, when the Bresi Nuclear Power Station opened.

The government has accelerated efforts to modernize the sector, particularly under the "Green Horizon 2040" initiative led by the Ministry of Energy. This plan aims to end all coal power generating plants by 2040 while scaling up renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and biomass. Holynia's hydroelectric capacity is among the highest in the Spero region, thanks to the vast network of rivers that power facilities like Dunávská, a flagship hydroelectric plant.

Solar power has also seen rapid growth, particularly in southern Holynia, where government subsidies have incentivized the installation of large-scale solar farms. Efforts to integrate wind energy have faced challenges due to terrain and local opposition, but a pilot offshore wind farm in the Skoskie territory is under development.

Holynia's strategic role as a major energy exporter to neighboring Spero states adds another layer of importance to the sector. In 2023, energy exports accounted for 11% of national GDP, driven by surplus electricity and refined natural gas. Holynia’s reserves of rare earth elements, crucial for battery and green technology, position it as a key player in the global energy transition. The country is also exploring geothermal energy in its northern Hornatyia region, aiming to add another sustainable power source to its growing portfolio.

Transport

File:Holyland railway.jpg
A Class 450 high speed train, which can reach a maximum speed of 300 km/h, travels between Cizekporok and Uhrov.
Main article: Transport in Holynia

Holynia maintains a radial road network consisting of 124,713 km of main roads and 11,519 km of motorways, out of a total of 1,119,791 km of paved roads. The motorways are the primary responsibility of the Roadway Directorate, meanwhile main road responsibility are split between the Directorate and local authorities. All non-motorway and main roadways are the responsibility of either local or private entities. Cizekporok maintains the densest road network in the country, along with the longest bypass road in the country. The M1 is the primary motorway between Cizekporok and Bystrica and has the heaviest usage of all motorways in the country. According to the Ministry of Transport, a total of 41 million vehicles were registered in 2012.

Holynia has an extremely dense railway network, with 41,387 km of railway in the country. 35,241 km are electrified at 25 kV AC, with the remaining being non-electrified. The railways fall under the responsibility of the national railway operator, Kráľovskej Holynske železnice (Royal Holynia Railway), which is a private company with the government transport ministry as the sole shareholder. Holynia Railways operates passenger and freight rail services throughout the country. National operator Masovia Rail operates intercity and local passenger services within Masovia. Several private coal companies operate their own private rail lines which connect to the national network. These companies occasionally operate services on the national network under contract by Holynia Railways. Holynia established its first high speed line in 1993 and since then the high speed network has grown to 3,109 km of the national network. Masovia Rail is presently constructing its own high speed line along the coast, utilizing both government and private funding, with service expected to start in 2017.

Demographics

The demographics of Holynia reflect a diverse yet primarily Slavic population shaped by historical migrations, political upheavals, and recent immigration trends. With a population of 109,230,431, Holynia is highly urbanized, and its people hold conservative values influenced by a complex history of monarchy, communism, and the resurgence of the Holyn Catholic Church. The country’s ethnic, linguistic, and religious composition provides insight into its socio-cultural landscape and the ongoing influences of modernization and immigration.

Urbanization

Holynia is a highly urbanized nation, with approximately 75% of the population residing in cities and urban centers. Major cities include the capital, Cizekporok, and other significant urban areas like Bystrica, Uhrov, and Slatnik. The rapid urbanization began during the communist era as industrialization efforts accelerated, driving people from rural areas into cities. After the fall of communism, urban growth continued, fueled by economic development and the concentration of education, health, and economic opportunities in urban areas. Modern Holynian cities showcase a blend of architectural styles, from Baroque and Gothic influences in historic districts to Soviet-era constructions and contemporary designs in newer neighborhoods.

Ethnic groups

The population of Holynia is predominantly Slavic, with two primary ethnic groups: the Hornats and the Masovs. Hornats, who make up approximately 65% of the population, while Masovs, comprising about 30%. Both groups share similar language and cultural ties. Smaller Slavic communities, including the Bogors constitute the remaining 5% of the population. In recent years, Holynia has seen an influx of immigrants, particularly from the Arab world and neighboring Slavic states, adding to its ethnic diversity. Arab immigrants, although a small minority, have become an influential group, contributing to Holynia's cultural and economic spheres, particularly in the fields of business and academia.

Ethnic composition in Holynia as of 2019:

  Hornats (64.3%)
  Masovs (29.4%)
  Bogors (4.2%)
  Others (1.9%)
  Not declared (0.2%)

Language

Holynia recognizes two official languages: Hornat and Masov. Hornat, is the primary language spoken by the majority Hornat ethnic group and is the main language of government, education, and media. Masov, is widely spoken by the Masov ethnic group and has official status in Masov-majority regions. Bilingualism in Hornat and Masov is common, especially in urban areas and among younger generations. Smaller Slavic languages, such as Bogor, are spoken within their respective communities, though they lack official status. Holynia’s government promotes language preservation efforts and education programs for minority languages.

Religion

Religion in Holynia is led by the Holyn Catholic Church, which, despite a history of persecution during the communist era, remains the largest religious institution in the country. Around 60% of Holynians identify as Holyn Catholic, although religious practice varies widely, with some adhering strictly to conservative beliefs and others maintaining a more cultural affiliation. During the communist era, the Holyn Catholic Church faced extensive persecution, and much of its leadership, including the monarchy, fled to Skoskie, a former Holyn colony in Navron. The church experienced a resurgence after the fall of communism, with many leaders returning from Skoskie. Around 25% of Holynians identify as atheist or non-religious, a legacy of the communist period’s secularization policies. Smaller Protestant communities also exist, and a small Muslim minority, primarily composed of recent Arab immigrants, has developed in larger cities.

Religion in Holynia (2019 census)
Religion Percent
Holyn Catholic Christian
 
 68.5%
Protestant Christian
 
 16.7%
Atheist
 
 8.1%
Muslim
 
 1.2%
Other
 
 4.1%
Not declared
 
 0.5%
No answer
 
 0.9%

Health and education

Holynia provides universal healthcare, with a well-developed system that includes hospitals, specialized medical centers, and primary care facilities throughout the country. The healthcare system has improved substantially since the communist era, although rural areas occasionally experience shortages of specialized medical professionals. Life expectancy in Holynia is around 78 years, with common health challenges reflecting European trends, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer.

Education in Holynia is compulsory from ages 6 to 15 and includes primary, secondary, and tertiary levels. The literacy rate is high, and Holynia is home to several prestigious universities, including the Cizekporok State University and the Technical University of Tisno. The education system, which emphasizes STEM and vocational skills, has adapted in recent years to accommodate an increasing number of international students and minority-language programs.

Culture

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