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{{infobox weapon
{{infobox weapon
| name              = YDJ-83
| name              = YDJ-83
| image              = [[Image:YDJ-83.png|300px]]
| image              =  
| caption            = YDJ-83JON with IIR seeker and HE warhead
| caption            =  
| origin            = {{flag|Menghe}}
| origin            = [[Menghe]]
| type              = air-to-surface missile
| type              = {{wp|Precision-guided munition|Precision-guided}} {{wp|glide bomb}}
<!-- Type selection -->
<!-- Type selection -->
| is_ranged          =  
| is_ranged          =  
Line 14: Line 14:
| is_UK              =  
| is_UK              =  
<!-- Service history -->
<!-- Service history -->
| service            = 2013-present
| service            = 2021-present
| used_by            = {{flag|Menghe}}
| used_by            = [[Menghe]]
| wars              =  
| wars              =  
<!-- Production history -->
<!-- Production history -->
| designer          = Chŏnggong design bureau
| designer          = Gwon-u Industries Group
| design_date        = 2010-2012
| design_date        = 2015-2020
| manufacturer      =  
| manufacturer      =  
| unit_cost          = $180,000 (est)
| unit_cost          = $172,000
| production_date    = 2013-present
| production_date    = 2020-present
| number            =  
| number            =  
| variants          = YDJ-83RGN, YDJ-83NRG, YDJ-83JOG, YDJ-83JON, YDJ-83NRN
| variants          = YDJ-83G <br/> YDJ-83N
<!-- General specifications -->
<!-- General specifications -->
| spec_label        =  
| spec_label        =  
| weight            = 98 kilograms
| weight            = 113 kg (YDJ-83G) <br/> 110 kg (YDJ-83N)
| length            = 2.38 m
| length            = 3.75 m
| part_length        =  
| part_length        =  
| width              =
| width              =
| height            =
| height            =
| diameter          = 21 cm
| diameter          = 192 mm
| crew              =
| crew              =
| passengers        =
| passengers        =
Line 60: Line 60:
| haft_type          =  
| haft_type          =  
<!-- Explosive specifications -->  
<!-- Explosive specifications -->  
| filling            =  
| filling            = Tandem shaped charge with prefragmented blast sleeve
| filling_weight    =  
| filling_weight    = 74 kg (total)
| detonation        =  
| detonation        =  
| yield              =  
| yield              =  
Line 76: Line 76:
| clearance          =  
| clearance          =  
| fuel_capacity      =  
| fuel_capacity      =  
| vehicle_range      = 25 km (stationary launch)<br>30 km (fixed-wing aircraft)
| vehicle_range      = 100 km
| speed              = 410 m/s (Mach 1.2)
| speed              =  
| guidance          = see "variants"
| guidance          = [[Constellation Satellite Navigation System|CSNS]] and {{wp|inertial guidance|inertial}}
| steering          = aerodynamic surfaces
| steering          = aerodynamic surfaces
<!-- Missiles only -->
<!-- Missiles only -->
| wingspan          = 49 cm
| wingspan          = 1.35 m (extended)
| propellant        = solid fuel
| propellant        =  
| ceiling            =
| ceiling            =
| altitude          =  
| altitude          =  
Line 88: Line 88:
| boost              =  
| boost              =  
| accuracy          = claimed 1.2 meter {{wp|Circular_error_probable|CEP}}
| accuracy          = claimed 1.2 meter {{wp|Circular_error_probable|CEP}}
| launch_platform    = [[GHZ-28]], [[GHZ-32 Ikchirei]], [[GHZ-34 Hoksan]], [[Sŏngrim SL-6]], [[Sŏngrim SL-8]]
| launch_platform    = [[Songrim SR-8]]<br/>[[Daesŭngri DS-9]]<br/>[[Daesŭngri DS-10]]<br/>[[Songrim SR-12]]
| transport          =
| transport          =
}}
}}


The '''YDJ-83''' ([[Menghean language|Menghean]]: 유도탄,대지 ''Yudotan, Daeji'' "Missile, Anti-Ground") is a type of air-to-surface and surface-to-surface guided missile developed and produced in [[Menghe]]. Though technically a long-range variant of the [[YDJ-82]], it is classified as a separate missile. Depending on the warhead variant, it can be used against tanks, light structures, and small warships, at a range of 25-30 kilometers.
The '''YDJ-83''' is a type of semi-autonomous air-launched {{wp|precision guided munition}} based on the [[WYGP-100 Saehorigi]]. It shares the Saehorigi's tail section, containing a [[Constellation Satellite Navigation System|CSNS]] and {{wp|inertial guidance|inertial}} guidance unit with four control surfaces, as well as its folding rhomboidal wings below the bomb body (or above in flight). The warhead and nose unit, however, are entirely different, resulting in the application of an entirely different designation. Though technically a {{wp|glide bomb}} due to its lack of built-in propulsion, the YDJ-83 is nevertheless designated as an "anti-ground missile" (''yudotan, daegong'') because of its sophisticated guidance system and primary reliance on direct-impact warhead effects rather than area effects.


==Development==
The YDJ-83 is also known by the name '''Bidulgi''', or "pigeon," possibly in reference to the renowned navigation abilities of {{wp|homing pigeons}}.
A mockup of the YDJ-83 missile was first unveiled in 2012 at the Hŭksan Arms Exposition, where it was provisionally designated YDJ-82JG (''Janggŏri'', "long range"). Some sources claim that working prototypes had already undergone testing before then, which would be consistent with the missile's acceptance into operational service the following year.


The reasoning behind its re-designation as YDJ-83 is unclear, but may have been motivated by a desire to minimize confusion in Army logistics. The two missiles can be carried on the same rail mounts for helicopter or aircraft use, but due to their different lengths, YDJ-82 and YDJ-83 enclosed launch boxes are not compatible with the same ground-launch vehicles.
==Description (YDJ-83G)==
The YDJ-83G has a tri-mode seeker unit in the nose, containing an {{wp|active radar homing|active}} {{wp|Extremely_high_frequency|millimeter-wave}} radar antenna, a {{wp|Laser_guidance#Military_use|semi-active laser receiver}}, and an infrared {{wp|contrast seeker}}. The base of the bomb also retains the CSNS and inertial guidance components of the WYGP-100, which are primarily used for mid-course guidance but can also be used for terminal guidance if needed. The multi-mode guidance system allows greater flexibility in the range of targets which can be engaged: millimeter-wave guidance performs better against moving targets, which are easier to distinguish from ground clutter, while infrared contrast imaging performs better against targets with running engines or targets heated by the sun.


==Design==
The multi-mode seeker also allows different guidance options to cross-reference one another, improving resistance to jamming and changes in target movement. For example, if a nearby platform is able to illuminate the target with a shaky {{wp|laser designator}}, the millimeter-wave and infrared contrast seekers can increase the hit probability by tracking the contact's heat signature and radar return. Likewise, if a moving target stops near ground clutter, the infrared seeker can take over from the millimeter-wave seeker. And if a target is lost altogether, the GPS and inertial guidance systems can continue leading the bomb toward the target's last known range and bearing.
Design-wide, the new missile consists of a YDJ-82 with an extended fuselage, allowing it to hold a larger and more efficient solid-fuel sustainer stage. This grants it nearly double the range of the original design. The control surfaces and stabilizing wings are also lengthened to offset any loss of maneuverability from the increased weight, and the hardpoint interface is shifted slightly further to the rear.


It uses the same guidance units manufactured for the YDJ-82, and is capable of being carried on open mounts designed for the latter weapon, but due to its length it is not compatible with the box-type mounts carried on surface vehicles.
Like the [[YDJ-82]], the YDJ-83 is an optionally {{wp|fire-and-forget}} weapon: it requires no additional input from the operator once released, but the operator can optionally feed it course correction information if the target moves or if a more valuable target is detected. It also has {{wp|lock-on after launch}} capability, and can independently acquire a target's infrared, radar, or laser signature after being dropped toward the target's known approximate area. A datalink in the seeker head allows multiple nearby YDJ-83G units to share targeting information with one another: for example, if multiple bombs are homing in on a group of targets, the bombs can allocate targets such that each target is locked by at least one bomb.


==Variants==
In contrast to the WYGP-100, which has a ground-penetrating high-explosive bomb body as its warhead, both variants of the YDJ-83 have a tandem {{wp|high-explosive anti-tank|HEAT}} charge with a prefragmented outer sleeve. The tandem charge increases performance against {{wp|reactive armour}}, while the prefragmented outer sleeve spreads shrapnel over a wide area around the impact point. This multi-mode warhead allows the YDJ-83 to defeat both heavy armored vehicles and light area targets, and is especially useful if the bomb loses its lock on a target but continues to home in on its last known location. Thus, in contrast to small-diameter guided munitions in other countries, which increasingly aim to minimize {{wp|collateral damage}}, the YDJ-83 aims to maximize it: for example, striking both an {{wp|infantry fighting vehicle|IFV}} and the dismounted soldiers around it.
The YDJ-83 comes in several variants, based on its warhead type and guidance system.


* '''YDJ-83RGN''': Laser-guided, high-explosive warhead
==Comparison with WYGP-100==
* '''YDJ-83NRG''': Millimeter-wave active radar, anti-tank warhead
Though based on the same guidance and glide wing kit as the [[WYGP-100 Saehorigi]], the YDJ-83G is designed to engage a different range of targets, and optimized around slightly different roles. Its more sophisticated multi-mode guidance system allows it to lock onto moving targets, which the Saehorigi cannot track. Additionally, the YDJ-83G can acquire stationary targets whose exact coordinates are unknown: for example, if an enemy missile launch reveals the approximate position of a SAM battery, but satellite images and forward platforms have not confirmed the exact positions of the launch vehicles within it. This also makes the YDJ-83G useful against self-propelled artillery vehicles and missile {{wp|transporter erector launcher|TELs}} performing {{wp|shoot-and-scoot}} missions, as the projectile has a high chance of detecting enemy vehicles as they exit the firing position.
* '''YDJ-83JOG''': Imaging-infrared guidance, anti-tank warhead
* '''YDJ-83JON''': Imaging-infrared guidance, high-explosive warhead
* '''YDJ-83NRN''': Millimeter-wave active radar, high-explosive warhead


The "G" type anti-tank warhead consists of a tandem {{wp|High-explosive_anti-tank_warhead|HEAT}} charge, designed to negate the effects of {{wp|Reactive_armour|reactive armor}}. With a range of 25 kilometers when launched from land, and the ability to acquire targets after being launched toward approximate coordinates, it is capable of functioning as "anti-tank artillery," with a single battery of launchers providing long-range indirect fire against enemy armored forces.
Compared with the WYGP-100, however, the YDJ-83 does have certain drawbacks. While its shaped-charge warhead can penetrate concrete, brickwork, and earth, it has less ground penetration capability than the WYGP-100. It is also much more expensive: export contracts and cost estimates place its manufacturing cost at roughly five times that of the WYGP-100. Thus, while the YDJ-83 can be programmed to rely entirely on CSNS and inertial guidance to attack a fixed soft target, a WYGP-100 could achieve the same results at a much lower cost.


The "N" type is identical in dimensions, but uses a precursor HEAT charge followed by a high-explosive warhead with a prefragmented sleeve. While it can be used against light structures on land, it was originally designed as a lightweight anti-ship missile for the Coastal Defense Forces. It can be programmed to detonate on impact, or after a brief delay, causing it to explode within the target ship and maximize damage to internal systems.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|+ Comparison of the roles of the WYGP-100 and YDJ-83
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" | WYGP-100 Saehorigi
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" | YDJ-83 Bidulgi
|-
| CSNS and inertial mid-course and terminal guidance || CSNS and inertial mid-course guidance with terminal active mmW, infrared contrast, and semi-active laser guidance
|-
| Unitary 100kg ground-penetrating warhead and contact or airbursting fuse || Tandem HEAT warhead with prefragmented outer sleeve and contact or airbursting fuse
|-
| Optimal targets:
* Light underground bunkers
* Battlefield fortifications
* Reinforced concrete structures
* Soft structures
* Fuel storage units
* Open-air ammunition depots
* Radar sites with precise coordinates
| Optimal targets:
* Tanks and armored vehicles
* Supply columns
* High-value light vehicles
* Trains
* Structures with imprecise coordinates
* Vehicles with imprecise coordinates
* Small surface ships
|}


According to the manufacturer, variant "N" is optimal for use against light warships displacing under 500 tonnes - for example, {{wp|Missile_boat|missile boats}}, {{wp|Patrol_boat|patrol boats}}, and {{wp|Fast_attack_craft|fast attack craft}} - but can also inflict critical systems damage on {{wp|Corvette|corvettes}} and {{wp|Frigate|frigates}}, especially if multiple missiles are fired. It is particularly effective against {{wp|Air-cushioned_landing_craft|air-cushioned landing craft}}, making it a preferred weapon for defense against amphibious landings.
==YDJ-83N==
The YDJ-83N is a dedicated {{wp|anti-radiation missile|anti-radiation}} version of the YDJ-83. It has a smooth, opaque nosecone which contains a wide-spectrum passive radio receiver array. In addition to enemy air-search radar and radar guidance installations, it is also able to home in on radar jammers, GPS jammers, and radio communication jammers. If the radiation source switches off, the YDJ-83N reverts to CSNS and inertial guidance to slow its descent and continue homing in on the signal's approximate area of origin. If the YDJ-83N reaches the radar site's approximate area of origin but still detects nothing, it will fall into a descent-minimizing holding pattern, effectively functioning as a {{wp|loitering munition}}.
 
Because it lacks a rocket motor, the YDJ-83N is less expensive than a conventional anti-radiation missile. Its loitering capability also makes it more useful against radar sites which can be switched on and off with ease. In flight, it is effectively identical in radar returns and trajectory to a YDJ-83G or WYGP-100, making it difficult for a radar operator to determine whether the radar site is under conventional guided munitions attack (in which case the solution is to illuminate the incoming projectiles) or anti-radiation missile attack (in which case the solution is to shut off radar emissions). Compared to a conventional anti-radiation missile, however, the YDJ-83N has less range on most launch profiles and takes longer to reach the target.


==Launch platforms==
==Launch platforms==
[[File:JYDJ-83-2.png|400px|thumb|right|Two service variants of the JYDJ-83/2 lightweight launch vehicle.]]
The YDJ-83 has an identical bomb lug and data bus interface to the WYGP-100, and has nearly identical external dimensions, save for its slightly shorter length. It can be released from all specialized WYGP-100 multiple carriage bomb racks, as well as individual hardpoints for sub-1000-kilogram-class bombs. The Menghean Army has also tested multiple carriage units with a mixture of YDJ-83G, YDJ-83N, and WYGP-100 bombs.
[[File:JYDJ-83-8.png|400px|thumb|right|The JYDJ-83/8 heavy launch vehicle with traversing launcher.]]In its open-air form, the YDJ-83 is compatible with all launch platforms capable of firing the YDG-82, though it requires a minor update to the fire-control software. When fired from fixed-wing aircraft at medium to high altitudes, it can achieve a range of 30 kilometers, due to the combination of initial forward momentum and reduced air resistance.
 
In 2013, the Coastal Defense Forces issued a procurement order for light wheeled launchers using the Chŏnsŏ-G544 4-by-4 utility vehicle. This vehicle is armed with two YDJ-83JON missiles, which are carried in fixed, angled box launchers facing to the left. Compared to the tracked variants, it is poorly protected, carries fewer missiles, and has more limited flexibility, but it is also lighter and faster on roads with reduced maintenance demands, making it better for a dispersed defensive force. The Coastal Defense Forces use it as a component of their layered anti-landing defense, though border units of the Army have not accepted it for service.


A variant with a thin metal shell over the cabin to protect the crew from rocket exhaust, JYDJ-82/2N, was introduced in 2016 and now accounts for all new orders.  
Like the WYGP-100, the YDJ-83 can only be launched by fixed-wing aircraft in forward flight, and its range depends on the launch platform's velocity, altitude, and rate of climb. Official factsheets published by Gwon-u claim a range of 100 kilometers, though it is not clear what flight conditions this figure requires and whether it can be extended with high-altitude supersonic climbs. Maximum range is likely to be much lower when released from a medium-altitude loitering drone.


In early 2017, the Coastal Defense Forces unveiled a new launch system, designated JYDJ-83/8. This carries eight missiles in reloadable launchers inside a rotating box array on the back of a Chŏnsŏ-288 utility truck. It can be loaded with any YDJ-83 missile variant, but usually uses a combination of IIR-guided and radar-guided high-explosive variants. The launch vehicle has a crew of four, two of whom ride in a fire-control compartment behind the cab. Though more capable than the smaller JYDJ-83/2N, the JYDJ-83/8 has so far been procured in only small numbers, as it is heavier and harder to disperse.
* [[Songrim SR-8]]
* [[Daesŭngri DS-9]]
* [[Daesŭngri DS-10]]
* [[Songrim SR-12]]


==See also==
==See also==
* [[YDJ-82]]
* [[WYGP-100 Saehorigi]]
* [[YDCh-72]]
* {{wp|GBU-53/B StormBreaker}}
* [[List of Menghean missiles]]
* [[List of Menghean missiles]]


[[Category:Menghe]]
[[Category:Menghe]]

Latest revision as of 20:32, 14 February 2021

YDJ-83
TypePrecision-guided glide bomb
Place of originMenghe
Service history
In service2021-present
Used byMenghe
Production history
DesignerGwon-u Industries Group
Designed2015-2020
Unit cost$172,000
Produced2020-present
VariantsYDJ-83G
YDJ-83N
Specifications
Weight113 kg (YDJ-83G)
110 kg (YDJ-83N)
Length3.75 m
Diameter192 mm
WarheadTandem shaped charge with prefragmented blast sleeve
Warhead weight74 kg (total)

Wingspan1.35 m (extended)
Operational
range
100 km
Guidance
system
CSNS and inertial
Steering
system
aerodynamic surfaces
Accuracyclaimed 1.2 meter CEP
Launch
platform
Songrim SR-8
Daesŭngri DS-9
Daesŭngri DS-10
Songrim SR-12

The YDJ-83 is a type of semi-autonomous air-launched precision guided munition based on the WYGP-100 Saehorigi. It shares the Saehorigi's tail section, containing a CSNS and inertial guidance unit with four control surfaces, as well as its folding rhomboidal wings below the bomb body (or above in flight). The warhead and nose unit, however, are entirely different, resulting in the application of an entirely different designation. Though technically a glide bomb due to its lack of built-in propulsion, the YDJ-83 is nevertheless designated as an "anti-ground missile" (yudotan, daegong) because of its sophisticated guidance system and primary reliance on direct-impact warhead effects rather than area effects.

The YDJ-83 is also known by the name Bidulgi, or "pigeon," possibly in reference to the renowned navigation abilities of homing pigeons.

Description (YDJ-83G)

The YDJ-83G has a tri-mode seeker unit in the nose, containing an active millimeter-wave radar antenna, a semi-active laser receiver, and an infrared contrast seeker. The base of the bomb also retains the CSNS and inertial guidance components of the WYGP-100, which are primarily used for mid-course guidance but can also be used for terminal guidance if needed. The multi-mode guidance system allows greater flexibility in the range of targets which can be engaged: millimeter-wave guidance performs better against moving targets, which are easier to distinguish from ground clutter, while infrared contrast imaging performs better against targets with running engines or targets heated by the sun.

The multi-mode seeker also allows different guidance options to cross-reference one another, improving resistance to jamming and changes in target movement. For example, if a nearby platform is able to illuminate the target with a shaky laser designator, the millimeter-wave and infrared contrast seekers can increase the hit probability by tracking the contact's heat signature and radar return. Likewise, if a moving target stops near ground clutter, the infrared seeker can take over from the millimeter-wave seeker. And if a target is lost altogether, the GPS and inertial guidance systems can continue leading the bomb toward the target's last known range and bearing.

Like the YDJ-82, the YDJ-83 is an optionally fire-and-forget weapon: it requires no additional input from the operator once released, but the operator can optionally feed it course correction information if the target moves or if a more valuable target is detected. It also has lock-on after launch capability, and can independently acquire a target's infrared, radar, or laser signature after being dropped toward the target's known approximate area. A datalink in the seeker head allows multiple nearby YDJ-83G units to share targeting information with one another: for example, if multiple bombs are homing in on a group of targets, the bombs can allocate targets such that each target is locked by at least one bomb.

In contrast to the WYGP-100, which has a ground-penetrating high-explosive bomb body as its warhead, both variants of the YDJ-83 have a tandem HEAT charge with a prefragmented outer sleeve. The tandem charge increases performance against reactive armour, while the prefragmented outer sleeve spreads shrapnel over a wide area around the impact point. This multi-mode warhead allows the YDJ-83 to defeat both heavy armored vehicles and light area targets, and is especially useful if the bomb loses its lock on a target but continues to home in on its last known location. Thus, in contrast to small-diameter guided munitions in other countries, which increasingly aim to minimize collateral damage, the YDJ-83 aims to maximize it: for example, striking both an IFV and the dismounted soldiers around it.

Comparison with WYGP-100

Though based on the same guidance and glide wing kit as the WYGP-100 Saehorigi, the YDJ-83G is designed to engage a different range of targets, and optimized around slightly different roles. Its more sophisticated multi-mode guidance system allows it to lock onto moving targets, which the Saehorigi cannot track. Additionally, the YDJ-83G can acquire stationary targets whose exact coordinates are unknown: for example, if an enemy missile launch reveals the approximate position of a SAM battery, but satellite images and forward platforms have not confirmed the exact positions of the launch vehicles within it. This also makes the YDJ-83G useful against self-propelled artillery vehicles and missile TELs performing shoot-and-scoot missions, as the projectile has a high chance of detecting enemy vehicles as they exit the firing position.

Compared with the WYGP-100, however, the YDJ-83 does have certain drawbacks. While its shaped-charge warhead can penetrate concrete, brickwork, and earth, it has less ground penetration capability than the WYGP-100. It is also much more expensive: export contracts and cost estimates place its manufacturing cost at roughly five times that of the WYGP-100. Thus, while the YDJ-83 can be programmed to rely entirely on CSNS and inertial guidance to attack a fixed soft target, a WYGP-100 could achieve the same results at a much lower cost.

Comparison of the roles of the WYGP-100 and YDJ-83
WYGP-100 Saehorigi YDJ-83 Bidulgi
CSNS and inertial mid-course and terminal guidance CSNS and inertial mid-course guidance with terminal active mmW, infrared contrast, and semi-active laser guidance
Unitary 100kg ground-penetrating warhead and contact or airbursting fuse Tandem HEAT warhead with prefragmented outer sleeve and contact or airbursting fuse
Optimal targets:
  • Light underground bunkers
  • Battlefield fortifications
  • Reinforced concrete structures
  • Soft structures
  • Fuel storage units
  • Open-air ammunition depots
  • Radar sites with precise coordinates
Optimal targets:
  • Tanks and armored vehicles
  • Supply columns
  • High-value light vehicles
  • Trains
  • Structures with imprecise coordinates
  • Vehicles with imprecise coordinates
  • Small surface ships

YDJ-83N

The YDJ-83N is a dedicated anti-radiation version of the YDJ-83. It has a smooth, opaque nosecone which contains a wide-spectrum passive radio receiver array. In addition to enemy air-search radar and radar guidance installations, it is also able to home in on radar jammers, GPS jammers, and radio communication jammers. If the radiation source switches off, the YDJ-83N reverts to CSNS and inertial guidance to slow its descent and continue homing in on the signal's approximate area of origin. If the YDJ-83N reaches the radar site's approximate area of origin but still detects nothing, it will fall into a descent-minimizing holding pattern, effectively functioning as a loitering munition.

Because it lacks a rocket motor, the YDJ-83N is less expensive than a conventional anti-radiation missile. Its loitering capability also makes it more useful against radar sites which can be switched on and off with ease. In flight, it is effectively identical in radar returns and trajectory to a YDJ-83G or WYGP-100, making it difficult for a radar operator to determine whether the radar site is under conventional guided munitions attack (in which case the solution is to illuminate the incoming projectiles) or anti-radiation missile attack (in which case the solution is to shut off radar emissions). Compared to a conventional anti-radiation missile, however, the YDJ-83N has less range on most launch profiles and takes longer to reach the target.

Launch platforms

The YDJ-83 has an identical bomb lug and data bus interface to the WYGP-100, and has nearly identical external dimensions, save for its slightly shorter length. It can be released from all specialized WYGP-100 multiple carriage bomb racks, as well as individual hardpoints for sub-1000-kilogram-class bombs. The Menghean Army has also tested multiple carriage units with a mixture of YDJ-83G, YDJ-83N, and WYGP-100 bombs.

Like the WYGP-100, the YDJ-83 can only be launched by fixed-wing aircraft in forward flight, and its range depends on the launch platform's velocity, altitude, and rate of climb. Official factsheets published by Gwon-u claim a range of 100 kilometers, though it is not clear what flight conditions this figure requires and whether it can be extended with high-altitude supersonic climbs. Maximum range is likely to be much lower when released from a medium-altitude loitering drone.

See also