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User:Gabrielland/Sandbox: Difference between revisions
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Line 251: | Line 251: | ||
| *wùr<sub>2</sub>u | | *wùr<sub>2</sub>u | ||
| *g<sub>2</sub>ùr<sub>2</sub>eh<sub>1</sub>e | | *g<sub>2</sub>ùr<sub>2</sub>eh<sub>1</sub>e | ||
|- | |||
|} | |||
{|class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Number | |||
! Proto Gabrielt | |||
! Aldzinian | |||
! Literary Gabrielt | |||
! Standard Gabrielt | |||
|- | |||
! 1 | |||
| *h<sub>2</sub>áyma | |||
| кӏвáйма <br> khwáyma | |||
| aima | |||
| am | |||
|- | |||
! 2 | |||
| *èh<sub>1</sub>sa | |||
| èҗьсьa <br> èź's'a | |||
| ēsa | |||
| dza | |||
|- | |||
! 3 | |||
| *beyr<sub>2</sub>è | |||
| бейp̆e <br> beyŕe | |||
| pēra | |||
| pe | |||
|- | |||
! 4 | |||
| *h<sub>2</sub>áda | |||
| ҳáда <br> ẋáda | |||
| āda | |||
| ada | |||
|- | |||
! 5 | |||
| *mádatà | |||
| мадат <br> mádat | |||
| mada | |||
| maja | |||
|- | |||
! 6 | |||
| *ar<sub>1</sub>eydʰa | |||
| арейдӏa <br> areydha | |||
| arēda | |||
| redi | |||
|- | |||
! 7 | |||
| *g<sub>1</sub>ʰìijaur<sub>1</sub>á | |||
| ѓӏиявp̆вa <br> ģhiyawŕwa | |||
| giyara | |||
| gyo | |||
|- | |||
! 8 | |||
| *antʰaban | |||
| антӏабан <br> anthaban | |||
| ątapa | |||
| tap | |||
|- | |||
! 9 | |||
| *áuwandʰa | |||
| áувандӏва <br> áuwandhwa | |||
| owąda | |||
| odi | |||
|- | |||
! 10 | |||
| *tʰesátu | |||
| тӏeсвáту <br> theswátu | |||
| tesa | |||
| tez | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Literary Gabrielt== | ==Literary Gabrielt== | ||
{|class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="3" rowspan="2"| | |||
! colspan="3"| Simple | |||
! colspan="3"| Perfect | |||
|- | |||
! Past | |||
! Present | |||
! Future | |||
! Past | |||
! Present | |||
! Future | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" rowspan="3"| 1 | |||
! Singular | |||
| Tran'''o''' | |||
| Tran | |||
| Tran'''as''' | |||
| Agan'''o''' Tran'''i''' | |||
| Agan Tran'''i''' | |||
| Agan'''as''' Tran'''i''' | |||
|- | |||
! Plural | |||
| Tran'''owu''' | |||
| Tran'''au''' | |||
| Tran'''azu''' | |||
| Agan'''owu''' Tran'''i''' | |||
| Agan'''au''' Tran'''i''' | |||
| Agan'''azu''' Tran'''i''' | |||
|- | |||
! Collective | |||
| Tran'''uwa''' | |||
| Tran'''aha''' | |||
| Tran'''asah''' | |||
| Agan'''uwa''' Tran'''i''' | |||
| Agan'''aha''' Tran'''i''' | |||
| Agan'''asah''' Tran'''i''' | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" rowspan="3"| 2 | |||
! Singular | |||
| Tran'''on''' | |||
| Tran'''in''' | |||
| Tran'''si''' | |||
| Agan'''on''' Tran'''o''' | |||
| Agan'''in''' Tran'''o''' | |||
| Agan'''si''' Tran'''o''' | |||
|- | |||
! Plural | |||
| Tran'''uni''' | |||
| Tran'''ani''' | |||
| Tran'''ansi''' | |||
| Agan'''uni''' Tran'''o''' | |||
| Agan'''ani''' Tran'''o''' | |||
| Agan'''ansi''' Tran'''o''' | |||
|- | |||
! Collective | |||
| Tran'''oya''' | |||
| Tran'''aiha''' | |||
| Tran'''sayh''' | |||
| Agan'''oya''' Tran'''o''' | |||
| Agan'''aiha''' Tran'''o''' | |||
| Agan'''sayh''' Tran'''o''' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="6"| 3 | |||
! rowspan="3"| Animate | |||
! Singular | |||
| Tran'''oni''' | |||
| Tran'''i''' | |||
| Tran'''sit''' | |||
| Agan'''oni''' '''U'''tran | |||
| Agan'''i''' '''U'''tran | |||
| Agan'''sit''' '''U'''tran | |||
|- | |||
! Plural | |||
| Tran'''uwe''' | |||
| Tran'''e''' | |||
| Tran'''som''' | |||
| Agan'''uwe''' '''U'''tran | |||
| Agan'''e''' '''U'''tran | |||
| Agan'''som''' '''U'''tran | |||
|- | |||
! Collective | |||
| Tran'''aweh''' | |||
| Tran'''eh''' | |||
| Tran'''seyh''' | |||
| Agan'''aweh''' '''U'''tran | |||
| Agan'''eh''' '''U'''tran | |||
| Agan'''seyh''' '''U'''tran | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3" | Inanimate | |||
! Singular | |||
| Tran'''on''' | |||
| Tran'''an''' | |||
| Tran'''son''' | |||
| Agan'''on''' '''U'''tran | |||
| Agan'''an''' '''U'''tran | |||
| Agan'''son''' '''U'''tran | |||
|- | |||
! Plural | |||
| Tran'''uwe''' | |||
| Tran'''e''' | |||
| Tran'''som''' | |||
| Agan'''uwe''' '''U'''tran | |||
| Agan'''e''' '''U'''tran | |||
| Agan'''som''' '''U'''tran | |||
|- | |||
! Collective | |||
| Tran'''aweh''' | |||
| Tran'''eh''' | |||
| Tran'''seyh''' | |||
| Agan'''aweh''' '''U'''tran | |||
| Agan'''eh''' '''U'''tran | |||
| Agan'''seyh''' '''U'''tran | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
{|class="wikitable" | {|class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 541: | Line 725: | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Descendants of Literary Gabrielt== | |||
{|class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Literary | |||
! 1 | |||
! 2 | |||
! 3 | |||
! 4 | |||
! 5 | |||
! 6 | |||
! 7 | |||
|- | |||
| a | |||
| a | |||
| a | |||
| a | |||
| a | |||
| a | |||
| æ | |||
| a | |||
|- | |||
| ā | |||
| ā | |||
| ah | |||
| a | |||
| æ | |||
| a | |||
| a | |||
| a | |||
|- | |||
| e | |||
| e | |||
| e | |||
| e | |||
| e | |||
| e | |||
| e | |||
| e | |||
|- | |||
| ē | |||
| ē | |||
| eh | |||
| e | |||
| æ | |||
| e, æ | |||
| eh | |||
| e | |||
|- | |||
| i | |||
| i | |||
| i | |||
| i | |||
| i | |||
| e | |||
| e | |||
| i | |||
|- | |||
| ī | |||
| ē | |||
| ih | |||
| i | |||
| y | |||
| i | |||
| i | |||
| i | |||
|- | |||
| o | |||
| o | |||
| o | |||
| o | |||
| o | |||
| u | |||
| u | |||
| o | |||
|- | |||
| ō | |||
| ō | |||
| oh | |||
| o | |||
| ø | |||
| o | |||
| o | |||
| o | |||
|- | |||
| u | |||
| u | |||
| u | |||
| u | |||
| u | |||
| u | |||
| u | |||
| u | |||
|- | |||
| ū | |||
| ū | |||
| uh | |||
| u | |||
| y | |||
| u | |||
| u | |||
| u | |||
|- | |||
| ą | |||
| an | |||
| ah | |||
| an | |||
| au | |||
| ain | |||
| a | |||
| am | |||
|- | |||
| ę | |||
| em | |||
| eh | |||
| en | |||
| en | |||
| ein | |||
| e | |||
| em | |||
|- | |||
| į | |||
| im | |||
| ih | |||
| in | |||
| in | |||
| in | |||
| i | |||
| im | |||
|- | |||
| ǫ | |||
| oh | |||
| oh | |||
| on | |||
| ou | |||
| om | |||
| o | |||
| om | |||
|- | |||
| ų | |||
| uh | |||
| uh | |||
| un | |||
| un | |||
| um | |||
| u | |||
| um | |||
|} | |||
{|class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Literary | |||
! 1 | |||
! 2 | |||
! 3 | |||
! 4 | |||
! 5 | |||
! 6 | |||
! 7 | |||
|- | |||
| b | |||
| Vb/s : p <br> b | |||
| Vb/s : p <br> b | |||
| VbV : p <br> b | |||
| bV/s : f <br> VbV : p <br> b | |||
| Vb : p <br> b | |||
| b | |||
| b | |||
|- | |||
| d | |||
| Vd/s : t <br> d | |||
| Vd/s : t <br> d | |||
| VdV : ts <br> Vd/s : dz <br> d | |||
| Vd/s : s <br> VbV : t <br> d | |||
| Vd : l <br> d | |||
| d | |||
| d | |||
|- | |||
| g | |||
| gV/s : k <br> g | |||
| gV/s : k <br> g | |||
| gV/s : ng <br> g | |||
| gV/s : š <br> VbV : h <br> g | |||
| gV : r <br> g | |||
| g | |||
| h | |||
|- | |||
| p | |||
| pV/s : f <br> VpV : f <br> p | |||
| VpV : b <br> p | |||
| Vpa : gy <br> Vpi : k <br> pV/s : b <br> p | |||
| VpV : m <br> p | |||
| p | |||
| VpV : v <br> p | |||
| Vp/f : - <br> p | |||
|- | |||
| t | |||
| tV/s : θ <br> t | |||
| t | |||
| VtV : ts <br> Vt/f : s <br> t | |||
| Vta : s <br> t | |||
| t | |||
| t | |||
| VtV : z <br> | |||
|- | |||
| k | |||
| Vk/f : - <br> VkV : k <br> kV/s : g | |||
| Vk/f : - <br> VkV : g <br> kV/s : k | |||
| VkV : gy, ky <br> k | |||
| Vk/f : h <br> VsV: s <br> k | |||
| k | |||
| VkV : g <br> k | |||
| Vk/f : - <br> k | |||
|- | |||
| s | |||
| VsV : č <br> s | |||
| VsV : š <br> s | |||
| VsV : dz <br> s | |||
| VsV : ž <br> s | |||
| s | |||
| s | |||
| VsV : z <br> s | |||
|- | |||
| ž | |||
| VžI : š <br> ž | |||
| š | |||
| s | |||
| z <br> VžV : dz | |||
| š | |||
| s | |||
| s | |||
|- | |||
| š | |||
| VšV : k <br> Vš : h <br> | |||
| VšV : š <br> s | |||
| Vš/f : s <br> š | |||
| š | |||
| s | |||
| s | |||
| z | |||
|- | |||
| w | |||
| v | |||
| v | |||
| v | |||
| v | |||
| v | |||
| w | |||
| w | |||
|- | |||
| m | |||
| m | |||
| m | |||
| Vm : n <br> m | |||
| Vm : n <br> m | |||
| m | |||
| m | |||
| m | |||
|- | |||
| z | |||
| z | |||
| z | |||
| VzV : dz <br> z | |||
| VzV : ž | |||
| z | |||
| s | |||
| z | |||
|- | |||
| r | |||
| Vr : - <br> Vra : l <br> r | |||
| VrV : l <br> r | |||
| Vr : n <br> r | |||
| r | |||
| r | |||
| Vr/f : l <br> r | |||
| Vr/f : l <br> r | |||
|- | |||
| l | |||
| l | |||
| l | |||
| l | |||
| VlV : h <br> l | |||
| lV : n <br> l | |||
| r | |||
| r | |||
|- | |||
| n | |||
| VnV : m <br> n | |||
| Vn : ng <br> n | |||
| inV : nny <br> n | |||
| VnV : ny <br> n | |||
| n | |||
| n | |||
| n | |||
|- | |||
| y | |||
| y | |||
| y | |||
| VyV : gy,ky <br> y | |||
| y | |||
| y | |||
| y | |||
| y | |||
|- | |||
| h | |||
| h | |||
| h | |||
| h | |||
| h | |||
| h | |||
| VhV : h <br> - | |||
| VhV : h <br> - | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
{|class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Literary | |||
! 1 | |||
! 2 | |||
! 3 | |||
! 4 | |||
! 5 | |||
! 6 | |||
! 7 | |||
|- | |||
| Ōsa | |||
| Ōča | |||
| Ohša | |||
| Odza | |||
| Öža | |||
| Osa | |||
| Ōsa | |||
| Oza | |||
|- | |||
| Šēn | |||
| Šēn | |||
| Šehna | |||
| Shen | |||
| Šän | |||
| Sen | |||
| Sehne | |||
| Zen | |||
|- | |||
| Trāwęŋi | |||
| Thrāvem | |||
| Trahvehki | |||
| Travenni | |||
| Träveng | |||
| Traveing | |||
| Trawen | |||
| Trawemmi | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
'''1''' | '''1''' | ||
{|class="wikitable" | {|class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="3" rowspan="2"| | |||
! colspan="3"| Simple | |||
! colspan="3"| Perfect | |||
|- | |||
! Past | |||
! Present | |||
! Future | |||
! Past | |||
! Present | |||
! Future | |||
|- | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" rowspan="3"| 1 | |||
! Singular | |||
| rowspan="6" | Thramo | |||
| Thram | |||
| rowspan="6" | Thramač | |||
| rowspan="6" | Agamo thram | |||
| Agan thram | |||
| rowspan="6" | Agamač thram | |||
|- | |||
! Plural | |||
| rowspan="2" | Thrama | |||
| rowspan="2" | Agan Thrama | |||
|- | |||
! Collective | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" rowspan="3"| 2 | |||
! Singular | |||
| Thramin | |||
| Agamin thram | |||
|- | |||
! Plural | |||
| rowspan="2"| Thramāha | |||
| rowspan="2"| Agamāha thram | |||
|- | |||
! Collective | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="6"| 3 | |||
! rowspan="3"| Animate | |||
! Singular | |||
| rowspan="6"| Thramon | |||
| Trami | |||
| rowspan="6"| Thransi | |||
| rowspan="6"| Agamon thram | |||
| Agami tram | |||
| rowspan="6"| Agansi thram | |||
|- | |||
! Plural | |||
| rowspan="2"| Thrame | |||
| rowspan="2"| Agame thram | |||
|- | |||
! Collective | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3"| Innimate | |||
! Singular | |||
| Thraman | |||
| Agaman thram | |||
|- | |||
! Plural | |||
| rowspan="2"| Thrame | |||
| rowspan="2"| Agame thram | |||
|- | |||
! Collective | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
{|class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="3"| Case | ! rowspan="3"| Case | ||
Line 567: | Line 1,170: | ||
! Collective | ! Collective | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Nominative | |||
| Mišā | | Mišā | ||
| Mez | | Mez | ||
| Miža | | Miža | ||
| Smit | | Smit | ||
| | | Visto | ||
| Smitā | |||
| Vu | |||
| Nukič | |||
| Nukiča | |||
| Ure | |||
| Gur | |||
| Urē | |||
|- | |||
! Accusative | |||
| Mišan | |||
| Mezoh | |||
| Mižam | |||
| Smiton | |||
| Viston | |||
| Smitom | |||
| Vun | |||
| Nukičam | |||
| Nukičam | |||
| Uren | |||
| Guren | |||
| Urem | |||
|- | |||
! Genitive | |||
| Miše | |||
| Mezo | |||
| Mižeya | |||
| Smite | |||
| Vistoi | |||
| Smitāya | |||
| Vue | |||
| Nukiče | |||
| Nukiče | |||
| Urea | |||
| Gura | |||
| Urēa | |||
|- | |||
! Dative | |||
| Miši | |||
| Mezi | |||
| Mižai | |||
| Smiti | |||
| Visti | |||
| Smitāi | |||
| Vui | |||
| Nukiči | |||
| Nukiči | |||
| Uri | |||
| Guri | |||
| Urēi | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! colspan="4"| Ōča (Brother) | ! colspan="4"| Ōča (Brother) | ||
Line 603: | Line 1,258: | ||
'''2''' | '''2''' | ||
{|class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="3" rowspan="2"| | |||
! colspan="3"| Simple | |||
! colspan="3"| Perfect | |||
|- | |||
! Past | |||
! Present | |||
! Future | |||
! Past | |||
! Present | |||
! Future | |||
|- | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" rowspan="3"| 1 | |||
! Singular | |||
| rowspan="6" | Trano | |||
| Tran | |||
| rowspan="6" | Tranaš | |||
| rowspan="6" | Gano trani | |||
| Gan trani | |||
| rowspan="6" | Ganaš trani | |||
|- | |||
! Plural | |||
| rowspan="2" | Tranah | |||
| rowspan="2" | Ganaha trani | |||
|- | |||
! Collective | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" rowspan="3"| 2 | |||
! Singular | |||
| Traning | |||
| Ganing trami | |||
|- | |||
! Plural | |||
| rowspan="2"| Tranaha | |||
| rowspan="2"| Ganaha trami | |||
|- | |||
! Collective | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="6"| 3 | |||
! rowspan="3"| Animate | |||
! Singular | |||
| rowspan="6"| Tranong | |||
| Trani | |||
| rowspan="6"| Tranši | |||
| rowspan="6"| Ganong u tran | |||
| Gani u tran | |||
| rowspan="6"| Ganši u tran | |||
|- | |||
! Plural | |||
| rowspan="2"| Trane | |||
| rowspan="2"| Gane u tran | |||
|- | |||
! Collective | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3"| Innimate | |||
! Singular | |||
| Tranang | |||
| Ganang u tram | |||
|- | |||
! Plural | |||
| rowspan="2"| Trane | |||
| rowspan="2"| Gane u tran | |||
|- | |||
! Collective | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
{|class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3"| Case | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="3" | 1st | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="3" | 2nd | |||
! colspan="8"| 3rd | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="3" | Animate | |||
! colspan="3" | Inanimate | |||
|- | |||
! Singular | |||
! Plural | |||
! Collective | |||
! Singular | |||
! Plural | |||
! Collective | |||
! Singular | |||
! Plural | |||
! Collective | |||
! Singular | |||
! Plural | |||
! Collective | |||
|- | |||
! Nominative | |||
| Mis | |||
| Mez | |||
| Misah | |||
| Smi | |||
| Kuwi | |||
| Smito | |||
| Vu | |||
| Nu | |||
| Nui | |||
| Hu | |||
| Gu | |||
| Hur | |||
|- | |||
! Objective | |||
| Misah | |||
| Mezoh | |||
| Misam | |||
| Smim | |||
| Kuwim | |||
| Smitom | |||
| Vum | |||
| Num | |||
| Num | |||
| Hum | |||
| Gum | |||
| Huren | |||
|- | |||
! Genitive | |||
| Mise | |||
| Mezo | |||
| Misahes | |||
| Smo | |||
| Kuwo | |||
| Smitoi | |||
| Vue | |||
| Nue | |||
| Nue | |||
| Hui | |||
| Gui | |||
| Huri | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! colspan="4"| Ohša (Brother, a) | ! colspan="4"| Ohša (Brother, a) | ||
Line 629: | Line 1,419: | ||
'''3''' | '''3''' | ||
{|class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3"| Case | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | 1st | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | 2nd | |||
! colspan="6"| 3rd | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Masculine | |||
! colspan="2" | Feminine | |||
! colspan="2" | Inanimate | |||
|- | |||
! Singular | |||
! Plural | |||
! Singular | |||
! Plural | |||
! Singular | |||
! Plural | |||
! Singular | |||
! Plural | |||
! Singular | |||
! Plural | |||
|- | |||
! Nominative | |||
| Miza | |||
| Medz | |||
| Smi | |||
| Kuvi | |||
| Vuk | |||
| Nugi | |||
| Vik | |||
| Nugi | |||
| Ure | |||
| Gur | |||
|- | |||
! Accusative | |||
| Mizan | |||
| Medzon | |||
| Smin | |||
| Kuvon | |||
| Vuken | |||
| Nugin | |||
| Vikin | |||
| Nugin | |||
| Uren | |||
| Guren | |||
|- | |||
! Genitive | |||
| Mize | |||
| Medzo | |||
| Smite | |||
| Kuvito | |||
| Vuke | |||
| Nugito | |||
| Vike | |||
| Nugito | |||
| Ureto | |||
| Guro | |||
|- | |||
! Dative | |||
| Mizi | |||
| Medzi | |||
| Smiti | |||
| Kuviti | |||
| Vuko | |||
| Nugitoi | |||
| Viko | |||
| Nugitoi | |||
| Uretoi | |||
| Guroi | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! colspan="3"| Odza (Brother, a) | ! colspan="3"| Odza (Brother, a) | ||
Line 948: | Line 1,809: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
==1== | |||
===NORTHERN=== | |||
{|class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3"| Case | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="3" | 1st | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="3" | 2nd | |||
! colspan="8"| 3rd | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="3" | Animate | |||
! colspan="3" | Inanimate | |||
|- | |||
! Singular | |||
! Plural | |||
! Collective | |||
! Singular | |||
! Plural | |||
! Collective | |||
! Singular | |||
! Plural | |||
! Collective | |||
! Singular | |||
! Plural | |||
! Collective | |||
|- | |||
! Direct | |||
| Me | |||
| Mes | |||
| Miz | |||
| Sme | |||
| Ves | |||
| Smitai | |||
| Vo | |||
| Nuke | |||
| Nukisa | |||
| Ur | |||
| Go | |||
| Ure | |||
|- | |||
! Oblique | |||
| Men | |||
| Meso | |||
| Mizam | |||
| Smen | |||
| Veson | |||
| Smiton | |||
| Von | |||
| Nuken | |||
| Nukisan | |||
| Urn | |||
| Gon | |||
| uren | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==3== | |||
===NORTHERN=== | |||
{|class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3"| Case | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | 1st | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | 2nd | |||
! colspan="6"| 3rd | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Masculine | |||
! colspan="2" | Feminine | |||
! colspan="2" | Inanimate | |||
|- | |||
! Singular | |||
! Plural | |||
! Singular | |||
! Plural | |||
! Singular | |||
! Plural | |||
! Singular | |||
! Plural | |||
! Singular | |||
! Plural | |||
|- | |||
! Nominative | |||
| Mis | |||
| Mej | |||
| Sme | |||
| Kuve | |||
| Vo | |||
| Nuge | |||
| Ve | |||
| Nuge | |||
| Ur | |||
| Gu | |||
|- | |||
! Accusative | |||
| Misa | |||
| Medjo | |||
| Smi | |||
| Kuvo | |||
| Vuke | |||
| Nugi | |||
| Viki | |||
| Nugi | |||
| Ure | |||
| Gure | |||
|- | |||
! Genitive | |||
| Mize | |||
| Mejo | |||
| Smite | |||
| Kuvito | |||
| Vuke | |||
| Nugito | |||
| Vike | |||
| Nugito | |||
| Ureto | |||
| Guro | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==Verbs== | |||
{|class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Colspan="2"|Unaffected prefixes | |||
! Colspan="2"|Affected prefixes | |||
! Window | |||
! Stem | |||
! Window | |||
! Colspan="2"|Suffixes | |||
|- | |||
| align="center"| 1 | |||
| align="center"| 2 | |||
| align="center"| 3 | |||
| align="center"| 4 | |||
| align="center"| 5a | |||
| align="center"| 6 | |||
| align="center"| 5b | |||
| align="center"| 7 | |||
| align="center"| 8 | |||
|- | |||
| align="center"| Evidentiality | |||
| align="center"| Minor aspect | |||
| align="center"| Major aspect | |||
| align="center"| Iterative | |||
| align="center"| Mode-aspect | |||
| align="center"| Stem | |||
| align="center"| Mode-aspect | |||
| align="center"| Direct object | |||
| align="center"| Indirect object |
Latest revision as of 02:16, 16 April 2023
Case | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Feminine | Inanimate | ||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | Paucal | Collective | Singular | Plural | Paucal | Collective | Singular | Plural | Paucal | Collective | Singular | Plural | Paucal | Collective | Singular | Plural | Paucal | Collective | |
Nominative | *míśah2 | *h1mésoh2 | *wisk2á | *míśah2à | *smìtʰòh2 | *kʷistʰòh2 | *witʰòh2 | *smìtʰòh2àh1 | *pr1úk1ʰe | *núk1ʰíz | *wúk1ʰe | *núk1ʰízàh1 | *pr1úk1ʰi | *núk1ʰíze | *wúk1ʰey | *núk1ʰazìh1 | *g2ùr2e | *h1g2ùr2e | *wùr2e | *g2ùr2eh1 |
Accusative-I | *míśam | *h1mésom | *wisk2eh2 | *míśam2à | *smìtʰòm | *kʷistʰòm | *witʰòh2eh2 | *smìtʰòmàh1 | *pr1úk1ʰem | *núk1ʰmíz | *wúk1ʰem | *núk1ʰmízàh1 | *pr1úk1ʰim | *núk1ʰmíze | *wúk1ʰmey | *núk1ʰmazìh1 | *g2ùr2em | *h1g2ùrm2e | *wùr2me | *g2ùr2meh1 |
Accusative-II | *míśr1a | *h1mésr1o | *wisk2r1á | *míśah2r1à | *smìtʰr1òh2 | *kʷistʰr1òh2 | *witʰr1òh2 | *smìtʰòh2r1àh1 | *pr1úk1ʰer1 | *núk1ʰr1íz | *wúk1ʰer1 | *núk1ʰr1ízàh1 | *pr1úk1ʰir1 | *núk1ʰr1íze | *wúk1ʰeyr1 | *núk1ʰr1azìh1 | *g2ùr2er1 | *h1g2r1ùr2e | *wùr2er1 | *g2r1ùr2eh1 |
Genitive-I | *míśai | *h1maysoh2 | *wisk2ái | *míśayh2à | *smìtʰòyh2 | *kʷistʰòyh2 | *witʰòyh2 | *smìtʰòyh2àh1 | *pr1úk1ʰey | *núk1ʰízai | *wúk1ʰey | *núk1ʰízàyh1 | *pr1úk1ʰiyei | *núk1ʰízey | *wúk1ʰeya | *núk1ʰeyzìh1 | *g2ùr2ey | *h1g2ùr2ey | *wùr2ey | *g2ùr2eyh1 |
Genitive-II | *míśes | *h1méses | *wisk2es | *míśeh2às | *smìtʰr1eh2 | *kʷistʰr1eh2 | *witʰr1eh2 | *smìtʰr1eh2àh1 | *pr1úk1ʰes | *núk1ʰízes | *wúks1ʰe | *núk1ʰr1ízàh1 | *pr1úk1ʰis | *núk1ʰízes | *wúks1ʰey | *núk1ʰr1azìh1 | *g2ùr2es | *h1g2ùr2er1 | *wùr2er1 | *g2ùr2seh1 |
Dative | *míśi | *h1mési | *wisk2i | *míśah2ày | *smìtʰòh2oy | *kʷistʰòh2oy | *witʰòh2oy | *smìtʰòh2àyh1 | *pr1úk1ʰoy | *núk1ʰoyz | *wúk1ʰoy | *núk1ʰoyzàh1 | *pr1úk1ʰoy | *núk1ʰízey | *wúk1ʰoy | *núk1ʰoyzìh1 | *g2ùr2i | *h1g2ùr2ey | *wùr2oy | *g2ùr2oyeh1 |
Comitative | *míśah2am | *h1mésem | *wisk2em | *míśah2àym | *smìtʰeh2em | *kʷistʰòh2em | *witʰòme | *smìtʰòh2àm | *pr1úk1ʰem | *núk1ʰízom | *wúk1ʰim | *núk1ʰízàh1am | *pr1úk1ʰim | *núk1ʰízeym | *wúk1ʰeym | *núk1ʰazìh1am | *g2ùr2em | *h1g2ùrm2em | *wùr2mem | *g2ùrm2eh1 |
Ablative | *míśol | *h1mésol | *wisk2ál | *míślah2à | *smìtʰòl | *kʷistʰòl | *witʰlòh2 | *smìtʰlòh2àh1 | *pr1úk1ʰel | *núk1ʰlíz | *wúk1ʰle | *núk1ʰlízàh1 | *pr1úk1ʰil | *núk1ʰlíze | *wúk1ʰley | *núk1ʰlazìh1 | *g2ùr2el | *h1g2ùr2el | *wùr2le | *g2ùr2leh1 |
Locative | *míśaya | *h1mésoyo | *wisk2áya | *míśah2àya | *smìtʰòh2yp | *kʷistʰòh2yo | *witʰòh2yo | *smìtʰòh2yàh1 | *pr1úk1ʰeye | *núk1ʰíyiz | *wúk1ʰeye | *núk1ʰízàh1a | *pr1úk1ʰiye | *núk1ʰíyize | *wúk1ʰeyi | *núk1ʰazìh1a | *g2ùr2eye | *h1g2ùr2eye | *wùr2eye | *g2ùr2eh1a |
Vocative | *míśah2e | *h1mésoh2e | *wisk2e | *míśah2e | *smìtʰòh2e | *kʷistʰòh2e | *witʰòh2e | *smìtʰòh2àh1e | *pr1úk1ʰu | *núk1ʰíze | *wúk1ʰu | *núk1ʰízàh1e | *pr1úk1ʰu | *núk1ʰízu | *wúk1ʰeyu | *núk1ʰazìh1u | *g2ùr2u | *h1g2ùr2u | *wùr2u | *g2ùr2eh1e |
Number | Proto Gabrielt | Aldzinian | Literary Gabrielt | Standard Gabrielt |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | *h2áyma | кӏвáйма khwáyma |
aima | am |
2 | *èh1sa | èҗьсьa èź's'a |
ēsa | dza |
3 | *beyr2è | бейp̆e beyŕe |
pēra | pe |
4 | *h2áda | ҳáда ẋáda |
āda | ada |
5 | *mádatà | мадат mádat |
mada | maja |
6 | *ar1eydʰa | арейдӏa areydha |
arēda | redi |
7 | *g1ʰìijaur1á | ѓӏиявp̆вa ģhiyawŕwa |
giyara | gyo |
8 | *antʰaban | антӏабан anthaban |
ątapa | tap |
9 | *áuwandʰa | áувандӏва áuwandhwa |
owąda | odi |
10 | *tʰesátu | тӏeсвáту theswátu |
tesa | tez |
Literary Gabrielt
Simple | Perfect | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Past | Present | Future | Past | Present | Future | |||
1 | Singular | Trano | Tran | Tranas | Agano Trani | Agan Trani | Aganas Trani | |
Plural | Tranowu | Tranau | Tranazu | Aganowu Trani | Aganau Trani | Aganazu Trani | ||
Collective | Tranuwa | Tranaha | Tranasah | Aganuwa Trani | Aganaha Trani | Aganasah Trani | ||
2 | Singular | Tranon | Tranin | Transi | Aganon Trano | Aganin Trano | Agansi Trano | |
Plural | Tranuni | Tranani | Tranansi | Aganuni Trano | Aganani Trano | Aganansi Trano | ||
Collective | Tranoya | Tranaiha | Transayh | Aganoya Trano | Aganaiha Trano | Agansayh Trano | ||
3 | Animate | Singular | Tranoni | Trani | Transit | Aganoni Utran | Agani Utran | Agansit Utran |
Plural | Tranuwe | Trane | Transom | Aganuwe Utran | Agane Utran | Agansom Utran | ||
Collective | Tranaweh | Traneh | Transeyh | Aganaweh Utran | Aganeh Utran | Aganseyh Utran | ||
Inanimate | Singular | Tranon | Tranan | Transon | Aganon Utran | Aganan Utran | Aganson Utran | |
Plural | Tranuwe | Trane | Transom | Aganuwe Utran | Agane Utran | Agansom Utran | ||
Collective | Tranaweh | Traneh | Transeyh | Aganaweh Utran | Aganeh Utran | Aganseyh Utran |
Case | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Feminine | Inanimate | |||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | Collective | Singular | Plural | Collective | Singular | Plural | Collective | Singular | Plural | Collective | Singular | Plural | Collective | |
Nominative | Mižā / Mi | Hmezō | Mižaha | Smitō | Kuwistō | Smitohā | Wuk | Nukis | Nukisa | Wuki | Nukis | Nukisa | Hure | Gure | Hurē |
Accusative | Mižą | Hmezǫ | Mižam | Smitǫ | Kuwistǫ | Smitoma | Wukę | Nukmis | Nukmizā | Wukį | Nukmis | Nukmizā | Hurę | Gurme | Hurmē |
Genitive-I | Miže | Hmeizō | Mižeha | Smitōy | Kuwistōy | Smitoihā | Wukei | Nukise | Nukisei | Wukei | Nukise | Nukisei | Hurei | Gurei | Hurēyi |
Genitive-II | Mižes | Hmezes | Mižahas | Smitrē | Kuwistrē | Smitrehā | Wukes | Nukises | Nukisas | Wukis | Nukises | Nukisas | Hures | Gurer | Hursē |
Dative | Miži | Hmezi | Mižahe | Smitōi | Kuwistōi | Smitohāi | Wuko | Nukoy | Nukoysa | Wuko | Nukoy | Nukoysa | Huri | Gurei | Hurēi |
Locative | Mižāya | Hmezōyo | Mižahaya | Smitōyo | Kuwistōyo | Smitohāya | Wukeye | Nukiyis | Nukisaya | Wukiye | Nukiyis | Nukisaya | Hureye | Gureye | Hurēye |
Vocative | Miže | Hmeze | Mižahe | Smite | Kuwiste | Smitohe | Wuku | Nukise | Nukise | Wuku | Nukise | Nukise | Huru | Guru | Hurē |
First Declension
The first declension is used to decline masculine nouns and feminine
Ōsa (brother) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Case | Singular | Plural | Collective |
Nominative | Ōsa | Ōsas | Ōsō |
Accusative | Ōsą | Ōsǫs | Ōsǫmo |
Genitive-I | Ōsoš | Ōsas | Ōsašā |
Genitive-II | Ōse | Ōseso | Ōsasiyo |
Dative | Ōsai | Ōsei | Ōseyā |
Locative | Ōsā | Ōsayā | Ōseyō |
Vocative | Ōsu | Ōsu | Ōsusā |
Second declension
The second declension is use to decline masculine and feminine nouns.
Šuwēš (Farmer) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Case | Singular | Plural | Collective |
Nominative | Šuwēš | Šuwēši | Šuwēšiyo |
Accusative | Šuwēšę | Šuwēšęį | Šuwēšēn |
Genitive-I | Šuwēše | Šuwēšąį | Šuwēšēyo |
Genitive-II | Šuwēšeru | Šuwēširų | Šuwēšēru |
Dative | Šuwēši | Šuwēšį | Šuwēšeyu |
Locative | Šuwēše | Šuwēšį | Šuwēšeyu |
Vocative | Šuwoh | Šuwohi | Šuwoheyu |
Third declension
The third declension is used to decline neuter nouns.
Šēn (House) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Case | Singular | Plural | Collective |
Nominative | Šēn | Šēna | Šēnayo |
Accusative | Šēnų | Šēnųna | Šēnūyo |
Genitive-I | Šēno | Šēnoi | Šēnōyo |
Genitive-II | Šēnasi | Šēnaisa | Šēnaiya |
Dative | Šēnai | Šēnāyi | Šēnayu |
Locative | Šēnar | Šēnir | Šēnarayu |
Vocative | Šēne | Šēnei | Šēneyu |
Descendants of Literary Gabrielt
Literary | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | a | a | a | a | a | æ | a |
ā | ā | ah | a | æ | a | a | a |
e | e | e | e | e | e | e | e |
ē | ē | eh | e | æ | e, æ | eh | e |
i | i | i | i | i | e | e | i |
ī | ē | ih | i | y | i | i | i |
o | o | o | o | o | u | u | o |
ō | ō | oh | o | ø | o | o | o |
u | u | u | u | u | u | u | u |
ū | ū | uh | u | y | u | u | u |
ą | an | ah | an | au | ain | a | am |
ę | em | eh | en | en | ein | e | em |
į | im | ih | in | in | in | i | im |
ǫ | oh | oh | on | ou | om | o | om |
ų | uh | uh | un | un | um | u | um |
Literary | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
b | Vb/s : p b |
Vb/s : p b |
VbV : p b |
bV/s : f VbV : p b |
Vb : p b |
b | b |
d | Vd/s : t d |
Vd/s : t d |
VdV : ts Vd/s : dz d |
Vd/s : s VbV : t d |
Vd : l d |
d | d |
g | gV/s : k g |
gV/s : k g |
gV/s : ng g |
gV/s : š VbV : h g |
gV : r g |
g | h |
p | pV/s : f VpV : f p |
VpV : b p |
Vpa : gy Vpi : k pV/s : b p |
VpV : m p |
p | VpV : v p |
Vp/f : - p |
t | tV/s : θ t |
t | VtV : ts Vt/f : s t |
Vta : s t |
t | t | VtV : z |
k | Vk/f : - VkV : k kV/s : g |
Vk/f : - VkV : g kV/s : k |
VkV : gy, ky k |
Vk/f : h VsV: s k |
k | VkV : g k |
Vk/f : - k |
s | VsV : č s |
VsV : š s |
VsV : dz s |
VsV : ž s |
s | s | VsV : z s |
ž | VžI : š ž |
š | s | z VžV : dz |
š | s | s |
š | VšV : k Vš : h |
VšV : š s |
Vš/f : s š |
š | s | s | z |
w | v | v | v | v | v | w | w |
m | m | m | Vm : n m |
Vm : n m |
m | m | m |
z | z | z | VzV : dz z |
VzV : ž | z | s | z |
r | Vr : - Vra : l r |
VrV : l r |
Vr : n r |
r | r | Vr/f : l r |
Vr/f : l r |
l | l | l | l | VlV : h l |
lV : n l |
r | r |
n | VnV : m n |
Vn : ng n |
inV : nny n |
VnV : ny n |
n | n | n |
y | y | y | VyV : gy,ky y |
y | y | y | y |
h | h | h | h | h | h | VhV : h - |
VhV : h - |
Literary | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ōsa | Ōča | Ohša | Odza | Öža | Osa | Ōsa | Oza |
Šēn | Šēn | Šehna | Shen | Šän | Sen | Sehne | Zen |
Trāwęŋi | Thrāvem | Trahvehki | Travenni | Träveng | Traveing | Trawen | Trawemmi |
1
Simple | Perfect | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Past | Present | Future | Past | Present | Future | |||
1 | Singular | Thramo | Thram | Thramač | Agamo thram | Agan thram | Agamač thram | |
Plural | Thrama | Agan Thrama | ||||||
Collective | ||||||||
2 | Singular | Thramin | Agamin thram | |||||
Plural | Thramāha | Agamāha thram | ||||||
Collective | ||||||||
3 | Animate | Singular | Thramon | Trami | Thransi | Agamon thram | Agami tram | Agansi thram |
Plural | Thrame | Agame thram | ||||||
Collective | ||||||||
Innimate | Singular | Thraman | Agaman thram | |||||
Plural | Thrame | Agame thram | ||||||
Collective |
Case | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Animate | Inanimate | |||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | Collective | Singular | Plural | Collective | Singular | Plural | Collective | Singular | Plural | Collective | |||
Nominative | Mišā | Mez | Miža | Smit | Visto | Smitā | Vu | Nukič | Nukiča | Ure | Gur | Urē | ||
Accusative | Mišan | Mezoh | Mižam | Smiton | Viston | Smitom | Vun | Nukičam | Nukičam | Uren | Guren | Urem | ||
Genitive | Miše | Mezo | Mižeya | Smite | Vistoi | Smitāya | Vue | Nukiče | Nukiče | Urea | Gura | Urēa | ||
Dative | Miši | Mezi | Mižai | Smiti | Visti | Smitāi | Vui | Nukiči | Nukiči | Uri | Guri | Urēi |
Ōča (Brother) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Case | Singular | Plural | Collective |
Nominative | Ōča | Ōčas | Ōčos |
Accusative | Ōčan | Ōčohs | Ōčohmo |
Genitive | Ōče | Ōčas | Ōčajah |
Dative | Ōčā | Ōčē | Ōčei |
2
Simple | Perfect | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Past | Present | Future | Past | Present | Future | |||
1 | Singular | Trano | Tran | Tranaš | Gano trani | Gan trani | Ganaš trani | |
Plural | Tranah | Ganaha trani | ||||||
Collective | ||||||||
2 | Singular | Traning | Ganing trami | |||||
Plural | Tranaha | Ganaha trami | ||||||
Collective | ||||||||
3 | Animate | Singular | Tranong | Trani | Tranši | Ganong u tran | Gani u tran | Ganši u tran |
Plural | Trane | Gane u tran | ||||||
Collective | ||||||||
Innimate | Singular | Tranang | Ganang u tram | |||||
Plural | Trane | Gane u tran | ||||||
Collective |
Case | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Animate | Inanimate | |||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | Collective | Singular | Plural | Collective | Singular | Plural | Collective | Singular | Plural | Collective | |||
Nominative | Mis | Mez | Misah | Smi | Kuwi | Smito | Vu | Nu | Nui | Hu | Gu | Hur | ||
Objective | Misah | Mezoh | Misam | Smim | Kuwim | Smitom | Vum | Num | Num | Hum | Gum | Huren | ||
Genitive | Mise | Mezo | Misahes | Smo | Kuwo | Smitoi | Vue | Nue | Nue | Hui | Gui | Huri |
Ohša (Brother, a) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Case | Singular | Plural | Collective |
Nominative | Ohša | Ohšaz | Ohšon |
Objective | Ohšah | Ohšen | Ohšom |
Genitive | Ohšo | Ohšaz | Ohšasi |
3
Case | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Feminine | Inanimate | ||||||||
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | Miza | Medz | Smi | Kuvi | Vuk | Nugi | Vik | Nugi | Ure | Gur |
Accusative | Mizan | Medzon | Smin | Kuvon | Vuken | Nugin | Vikin | Nugin | Uren | Guren |
Genitive | Mize | Medzo | Smite | Kuvito | Vuke | Nugito | Vike | Nugito | Ureto | Guro |
Dative | Mizi | Medzi | Smiti | Kuviti | Vuko | Nugitoi | Viko | Nugitoi | Uretoi | Guroi |
Odza (Brother, a) | ||
---|---|---|
Case | Singular | Plural |
Nominative | Odza | Odzas |
Accusative | Odzan | Odzon |
Dative | Odzai | Odzei |
Genitive | Odze | Odzetso |
4
Öža (Brother, a) | ||
---|---|---|
Case | Singular | Plural |
Nominative | Öža | Öžö |
Accusative | Öžau | Öžou |
Dative | Öže | Öžei |
5
Osa (Brother, m) | ||
---|---|---|
Case | Singular | Plural |
Nominative | Osa | Osas |
Objective | Osain | Osoms |
Genitive | Osos | Oses |
Vocative | Osu | Osu |
6
Ōsa (Brother, m) | ||
---|---|---|
Case | Singular | Plural |
Nominative | Ōsa | Ōsō |
Accusative | Ōsa | Ōsos |
Dative | Ōse | Ōsei |
Genitive | Ōsots | Ōsats |
Vocative | Ōsu | Ōsus |
7
Oza (Brother, m) | ||
---|---|---|
Case | Singular | Plural |
Nominative | Oza | Ozo |
Accusative | Ozam | Ozom |
Dative | Ozai | Ozeta |
Genitive | Oze | Ozazi |
Locative | Ozau | Ozaya |
Vocative | Ozu | Ozuz |
AAAA
Bilabial | Labio- dental |
Dental/ Alveolar |
Post- alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Uvular | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | hard | m | (ɱ) | n | (ŋ) | |||
soft | mʲ | ɲ | ||||||
Plosive | hard | p b | t d | k ɡ | q | |||
soft | pʲ bʲ | tʲ dʲ | c ɟ | |||||
Affricate | hard | t͡s (d͡z) | t͡ʃ d͡ʒ | |||||
soft | t͡sʲ (d͡zʲ) | |||||||
Fricative | hard | f v | s z | ʃ ʒ | x, (ɣ) | |||
soft | fʲ vʲ | sʲ zʲ | (xʲ) | |||||
Trill | hard | r | ||||||
soft | rʲ | |||||||
Approximant | hard | (w) | ||||||
soft | j | |||||||
Lateral | hard | ɫ (l) | ||||||
soft | ʎ |
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | ɨ ʉ | u |
Near-close | ʊ | ||
Close-mid | ɤ | ||
Open-mid | ɛ œ | ɜ | ɔ |
Near-open | æ | ɐ | |
Open | a |
1
NORTHERN
Case | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Animate | Inanimate | |||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | Collective | Singular | Plural | Collective | Singular | Plural | Collective | Singular | Plural | Collective | |||
Direct | Me | Mes | Miz | Sme | Ves | Smitai | Vo | Nuke | Nukisa | Ur | Go | Ure | ||
Oblique | Men | Meso | Mizam | Smen | Veson | Smiton | Von | Nuken | Nukisan | Urn | Gon | uren |
3
NORTHERN
Case | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Feminine | Inanimate | ||||||||
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | Mis | Mej | Sme | Kuve | Vo | Nuge | Ve | Nuge | Ur | Gu |
Accusative | Misa | Medjo | Smi | Kuvo | Vuke | Nugi | Viki | Nugi | Ure | Gure |
Genitive | Mize | Mejo | Smite | Kuvito | Vuke | Nugito | Vike | Nugito | Ureto | Guro |
Verbs
Unaffected prefixes | Affected prefixes | Window | Stem | Window | Suffixes | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5a | 6 | 5b | 7 | 8 |
Evidentiality | Minor aspect | Major aspect | Iterative | Mode-aspect | Stem | Mode-aspect | Direct object | Indirect object |