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{{WIP}}
{{Region icon Kylaris}} [[Category:Carucere]]
A '''Council republic''' is term used to refer to a {{wp|republic|republican}} system of government where directly elected councils play a prominent role in a country's politics. While the exact structure of their governments varies, common characteristics are councils which are a fundamental unit of governance and an association with {{wp|socialism}}. It may also feature {{wp|direct democracy}}, an emphasis on {{wp|collective leadership}}, and {{wp|nonpartisanism}}. The term is often used to differentiate these states from {{wp|Euclea|Euclean}} {{wp|capitalism|capitalist}} {{wp|liberal democracy|liberal democracies}}. It is the predominant form of government for socialist states in the world, such as [[Dezevau]], [[Kirenia]], and [[Lavana]]. Council republics are generally considered to be democratic, but some states such as [[Arthasthan]] has been accused of {{wp|authoritarianism}}.  
{{Infobox legislature
|name              = Senate of Carucere
|native_name        = <small>''Sénat de Caruquère <br> Senat Karuku''</small>
|native_name_lang  =
|transcription_name =
|legislature        = 21st Senate of Carucere
|coa_pic            = File:Coat of arms of Annene.png
|coa_res            = 150px
|coa_alt            =
|foundation        =  2 February 1972<br>({{age|1972|2|14|p=1|br=1}} years ago)
| preceded_by        = [[Provincial Senate of Carucere|Provincial Senate]]
|house_type        = Unicameral
|body              =
|houses            =
|leader1_type      = [[President of the Senate of Carucere |President of the Senate]]
|leader1            = [[Roy Dazeje]]
|party1            = [[Democratic Party (Carucere)|Democratic]]
|election1          = 12 July 2023
|leader2_type      =
|leader2            =
|party2            =
|election2          =
|leader3_type      =
|leader3            =
|party3            =
|election3          =
|members            = 79 members
|house1            =
|house2            =
|structure1        =
{{Parliament diagram
|width=
|height=
|caption=
|show=0
|background=#fcfcfc
|n1= 5 |p1= Carucerean National Congress | c1=#008100
|n2= 7 |p2= Country Party |  c2=#0000ae
|n3= 8 |p3= General Assembly | c3=#00c400
|n4= 22 |p4= United Progressive | c4=#000000
|n5= 12 |p5= Democratic | c5=#E03C31
|n6= 10 |p6= National | c6=#edad08
|n7= 13 |p7= Reformed Social | c7=#89cff0
|n8= 2 |p8= Front | c8=#FF6600
}}
|structure1_res    = 250px
|structure1_alt    =
|structure2        =
|structure2_res    =
|structure2_alt    =
|political_groups1  =
'''Government (42)'''
* {{Color box|#000000}}&nbsp;[[United Progressive Party (Carucere)|Progressive]] (22)
* {{Color box|#E03C31}}&nbsp;[[Democratic Party (Carucere)|Democratic]] (12)
* {{Color box|#00c400}}&nbsp;[[General Assembly for Development Party|Assembly]] (8)
'''Opposition (39)'''
* {{Color box|#89cff0}}&nbsp;[[Reformed Social Party (Carucere)|Reformed]] (13)
* {{Color box|#E03C31}}&nbsp;[[Democratic Party (Carucere)|Democratic]] (12)
* {{Color box|#edad08}}&nbsp;[[National Party of Carucere|National]] (10)
* {{Color box|#0000ae}}&nbsp;[[Carucerean Country Party|Country]] (7)
* {{Color box|#008100}}&nbsp;[[Carucerean National Congress|Congress]] (5)
* {{Color box|#FF6600}}&nbsp;[[Democratic Front of Carucere|Front]] (2)
|political_groups2  =
|committees1        =
|committees2        =
|joint_committees  =
|voting_system1    =  {{wp|Closed list}} {{wp|proportional representation}}
|voting_system2    =
|last_election1    = [[2020 Carucerean legislative election|23 August 2020]]
|last_election2    =
|next_election1    = [[2023 Carucerean legislative election|2023]]
|session_room      = File:BahamianParliamentPanorama.jpg
|session_res        = 250px
|session_alt        =
|meeting_place      = [[Red House (Carucere)|Red House]], [[Kingston]], [[Carucere]]
|website            =
|footnotes          =
|motto              =
}}
The '''Senate of Carucere''' ({{wp|French langauge|Gaullican}}: ''Sénat de Caruquère'', [[Papotement]]: ''Senat Karuku'') is the primary {{wp|legislature|legislative body}} of [[Carucere]]. The Senate is composed of 79 members, who are directly elected for 4-year terms by regional {{wp|proportional representation}}. It is one of two legislative bodies on the national level, the other being the [[Great Assembly of Carucere|Great Assembly]].


The political thought associated with the establishment and continuation of a council republic is known as councilism or council republicanism and its proponents are known as Councilists.
The origins of the Senate trace to the colonial legislature formed during the Gaullican colonial era. The modern institution of the Senate was established after the colony's incorporation into the [[Arucian Federation]] in 1934. Following the establishment of an independent Carucere, it became the new country's supreme legislative body. However economic and political infighting weakened the authority of the Senate, after a succession after several weak [[Preimer of Carucere|Preimers]]. [[Jean Preval]]'s {{wp|self-coup}} and the new constitution ratified in 1972, ended the Senate's absolute authority over the country. The country formally became a {{wp|semi-presidential system|semi-presidential}} republic and the Senate had to share a system of checks and balances with the [[President of Carucere]]. Its role further declined with the establishment of the [[Great Assembly of Carucere]] as a second legislative body on the federal level.
==History==
==Characteristics==
Although the term council republic encompasses many countries whose structures of governance vary considerably, they all feature  directly elected legislative bodies. In this system, a council, sometimes a {{wp|workers' council}}, is the fundamental unit of governance for all levels of the country's administration from the national level to the local. Political power is distributed between these councils in a {{wp|federal system}} that functions from the bottom upwards. Council republics tend to empahise {{wp|Localism (politics)|localism}} through local councils that function through {{wp|direct democracy}}. Usually these councils would elect councils on the next levels of administration who would be responsible for regional or statewide authority. In turn, these can delegate members to the next level on a national level, which would be the national government. Alternatively each level of governance may be directly elected by the population. These councils usually also have executive and judicial powers as well as legislative powers, which is similar to the concept of {{wp|Parliamentary sovereignty|legislative supremacy}} in parliamentary republics. 
===Association with socialism===
All council republics in the world are {{wp|socialist state|socialist states}}, which political experts considering to be its defining characteristic. In some republics, the councils may be {{wp|workers' council|workers' councils}} or another body that represents the interests of the workforce in politics. A council republic may also feature a [[Congress of the Workers' International|Section of the Workers' International]] which usually plays a prominent role in the country's politics. Often these political parties are organized through local, state, and national councils that function alongside government institutions. 
==Comparisons of council republics==
===Collective leadership===
===Decentralisation===
localism/federalism
===Elections===
===Section of the Workers' International===
===Weak separation of powers===
==List of council republics==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! State
! Capital
! Primary language(s)
! style="text-align:right"|Population
! style="text-align:right"|Area
|-
| {{flag|Arthasthan}}
| [[Nadipatnam]]
| {{wp|Bhojpuri language|Samundrese}}
| 107,281,772
| 625,945 km²
|-
| {{flag|Chistovodia}}
| [[Volosovo]]
| {{wp|Rusyn language|Narodyn}}
| 73,491,200
| 2,399,981 km²
|-
| {{flag|Dezevau}}
| [[Bazadavo]]
| [[Ziba language|Ziba]]
| 190,902,213
| 2,000,000 km²
|-
| {{flag|East Miersa}}
| [[Żobrodź]] ''(de jure)''<br>[[Dyńsk]] ''(de facto)''
| {{wp|Polish language|Miersan}}
| 21,740,000
| 197,568 km²
|-
| {{flag|Kirenia}}
| [[Harimisaareke]]
| {{wp|Estonian_language|Kirenian}}
| 52,853,207
| 459,800 km²
|-
| {{flag|Lavana}}
| [[Pers]]
| {{wp|Lao language|Lavanan}}
| 86,842,742
| 713,879 km²
|-
| {{flag|Lemovicia}}
| [[Topagunea]]
| {{wp|Basque language|Lemovician}}
| 1,014,866
| 13,548 km²
|-
| {{flag|South Kabu}}
| [[Ayukarta]]
| {{wp|Javanese language|Kabuese}}
| 7,841,984
| 44,154 km²
|-
|}
===Former council republics===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! State
! Capital
! Languages
! Years
! style="text-align:right"|Population
! style="text-align:right"|Area
|-
| {{flagicon image|ACRF2.png}} [[Amathian Council Republic|Amathia]]
| [[East Arciluco]]
| {{wp|Romanian language|Amathian}}
| (1935–1959) <ref>Continued until 1979 as the [[Amathian Equalist Republic]].</ref>
|
| 405,798 km²
|-
| {{flagicon image|North Vinalian.png}} [[North Vinalia]]
| [[Orlavo]]
| {{wp|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusyn_language|Soravian}}
| (1935-1993)
| 18,500,000 (1990)
|
|-
|}


==References==
Today, the Senate usually exercises a secondary, albeit important, role in national politics. The Senate has the final authority on all legislation. In addition it must approve the appointment of the [[Cabinet of Carucere]] and the [[Premier of Carucere]]. In addition, it maintains many supervisory powers such as the power to {{wp|Impeachment|impeach}} officials, dismiss the [[Premier of Carucere|Premier]] and the [[Premier of Cabinet|Cabinet]] by a majority vote, impeach and remove the President, veto presidential decrees, and to dissolve itself and call new elections. Until an election is completed, the Senate maintains its authority in its current composition.
[[Category:Socialism (Kylaris)]] {{Region icon Kylaris}} [[Category:Kylaris]]

Latest revision as of 17:07, 11 July 2023

Template:Region icon Kylaris

Senate of Carucere

Sénat de Caruquère
Senat Karuku
21st Senate of Carucere
Coat of arms of Annene.png
Type
Type
History
Founded2 February 1972
(52 years ago)
Preceded byProvincial Senate
Leadership
Roy Dazeje, Democratic
since 12 July 2023
Structure
Seats79 members
5
7
8
22
12
10
13
2
Political groups
Government (42)
  •   Progressive (22)
  •   Democratic (12)
  •   Assembly (8)

Opposition (39)

Elections
Closed list proportional representation
Last election
23 August 2020
Next election
2023
Meeting place
BahamianParliamentPanorama.jpg
Red House, Kingston, Carucere

The Senate of Carucere (Gaullican: Sénat de Caruquère, Papotement: Senat Karuku) is the primary legislative body of Carucere. The Senate is composed of 79 members, who are directly elected for 4-year terms by regional proportional representation. It is one of two legislative bodies on the national level, the other being the Great Assembly.

The origins of the Senate trace to the colonial legislature formed during the Gaullican colonial era. The modern institution of the Senate was established after the colony's incorporation into the Arucian Federation in 1934. Following the establishment of an independent Carucere, it became the new country's supreme legislative body. However economic and political infighting weakened the authority of the Senate, after a succession after several weak Preimers. Jean Preval's self-coup and the new constitution ratified in 1972, ended the Senate's absolute authority over the country. The country formally became a semi-presidential republic and the Senate had to share a system of checks and balances with the President of Carucere. Its role further declined with the establishment of the Great Assembly of Carucere as a second legislative body on the federal level.

Today, the Senate usually exercises a secondary, albeit important, role in national politics. The Senate has the final authority on all legislation. In addition it must approve the appointment of the Cabinet of Carucere and the Premier of Carucere. In addition, it maintains many supervisory powers such as the power to impeach officials, dismiss the Premier and the Cabinet by a majority vote, impeach and remove the President, veto presidential decrees, and to dissolve itself and call new elections. Until an election is completed, the Senate maintains its authority in its current composition.

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