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{{Infobox country
{{Infobox country
|native_name                =
|micronation =       <!--yes if a micronation-->
|conventional_long_name     = United Federation of Ossotia
|conventional_long_name = Federation of Ossotia
|common_name                 = Ossotia
|native_name =        <!--Country's name (usually full name) in its native language, hence in italics (double quotemarks)-->
|image_flag                 =  
|common_name =       Ossotia
|alt_flag                   = Flag of Ossotia
|status =            <!--Status of country, especially useful for micronations-->
|national_motto             =  
|image_flag =       Flag_of_Samara_Oblast.svg
|national_anthem             =  
|alt_flag =           <!--alt text for flag (text shown when pointer hovers over flag)-->
|image_map                   =  
|flag_border =        <!--set to no to disable border around the flag-->
|alt_map                     =  
|image_flag2 =        <!--e.g. Second-flag of country.svg-->
|map_caption                 =  
|alt_flag2 =          <!--alt text for second flag-->
|capital                     = [[Yekaterina]]
|flag2_border =      <!--set to no to disable border around the flag-->
|official_languages          = [[wikipedia:Ukrainian language|Ossotian]]
|image_coat =        <!--e.g. Coat of arms of country.svg-->
|national_languages          =  
|alt_coat =          <!--alt text for coat of arms-->
*[[wikipedia:Ukrainian language|Ossotian]]
|symbol_type =        <!--emblem, seal, etc (if not a coat of arms)-->
*[[wikipedia:Russian language|Zagornian]]
|symbol_footnote =    <!--optional reference or footnote for the symbol caption-->
*[[wikipedia:Polish language|Rascian]]
|national_motto =     <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists-->
|regional_languages         = <!--Regional Languages-->
|englishmotto =      <!--English language version of motto-->
|languages_type             = <!--Other type of languages -->
|national_anthem =    <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists-->
|languages                   = <!--Other languages list-->
|royal_anthem =      <!--in inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists-->
|ethnic_groups              =  
|other_symbol_type =  <!--Use if a further symbol exists, e.g. hymn-->
* 52% Ossotian
|other_symbol =
* 11% Saranian
|image_map =         OssotiaMap.png
* 19% Banethian
|loctext =            <!--text description of location of country-->
* 10% Rascian
|alt_map =           <!--alt text for map-->
* 8% Other
|map_caption =       <!--Caption to place below map-->
|ethnic_groups_year          =  
|image_map2 =        <!--Another map, if required-->
|demonym                    = Ossotian
|alt_map2 =          <!--alt text for second map-->
|government_type            = Semi-Democratic Federation
|map_caption2 =      <!--Caption to place below second map-->
|leader_title1              = Prime Minister
|capital =         [[Tibliskana]]
|leader_name1                = [[Jason McClaine]]
|coordinates =        <!-- Coordinates for capital, using {{tl|coord}} -->
|leader_title2              = Minister of National Defense
|largest_city =     [[Novyska]]
|leader_name2                = [[Mariah Aleni]]
|largest_settlement_type = <!--Type of settlement if largest settlement not a city-->
|leader_title3              = Minister of Foreign Affairs
|largest_settlement = <!--Name of largest settlement-->
|leader_name3                = [[Yakob Mtislav]]
|official_languages = <!--Languages recognised in legislation, constitution, etc-->
|leader_title4              = Minister of Domestic Affairs
|national_languages = <!--Country/territory-wide languages recognised but not necessarily in country/territory-wide law, etc-->
|leader_name4                = [[Alan Ivanovich]]
|regional_languages = <!--Languages recognised or associated with particular regions within the country/territory-->
|leader_title5              = Speaker of the Senate
|languages_type =     <!--Use to specify a further type of language, if not official, national or regional-->
|leader_name5                = [[Natalia Ceaucinskaya]]
|languages =         <!--Languages of the further type-->
|sovereignty_type            =
|languages_sub =     <!--Is this further type of language a sub-item of the previous non-sub type? ("yes" or "no")-->
|sovereignty_note            =  
|languages2_type =    <!--Another further type of language-->
|established_event1          = Kingdom of Vlatis
|languages2 =         <!--Languages of this second further type-->
|established_date1          = 200
|languages2_sub =     <!--Is the second alternative type of languages a sub-item of the previous non-sub type? ("yes" or "no")-->
|established_event2          = Three-Years War
|ethnic_groups =     <!--List/breakdown of ethnic groups within the country/territory-->
|established_date2          = 582
|ethnic_groups_year = <!--Year of ethnic groups data (if provided)-->
|established_event3          = Kingdom of Ossotia
|ethnic_groups_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with ethnic groups data)-->
|established_date3          = 1082
|religion =           <!--Religion-->
|established_event4          = Medevian Empire
|religion_year = <!--Year of religion data (if provided)-->
|established_date4          = 1086
|religion_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with religion data)-->
|established_event5          = Independence
|demonym =           <!--Term/s describing those associated with the country/territory (e.g. "Belgian" for the country Belgium)-->
|established_date5          = 1772
|government_type =   <!--(often a compound multi-wikilinked term, e.g. "Federal semi-presidential constitutional republic", etc)-->
|established_event6          = Federalization
|leader_title1 =   [[President of Ossotia|President]]
|established_date6          = 1920
|leader_name1 = [[Sergei Yugorunov]]
|area_rank                  =  
|leader_title2 =     <!--(could be "Vice President", otherwise "Prime Minster", etc, etc)-->
|area_magnitude              =  
|leader_name2 =
|area                       =  
<!--......-->
|area_km2                   = 1,902,400
|leader_title14 =     <!--(up to 14 distinct leaders may be included)-->
|area_sq_mi                 =  
|leader_name14 =  
|area_footnote               =  
|legislature =       <!--Name of the country/territory's governing body, e.g. "Parliament", "Congress", etc-->
|percent_water               =  
|upper_house =       <!--Name of governing body's upper house, if given (e.g. "Senate")-->
|area_label                 = Total
|lower_house =       <!--Name of governing body's lower house, if given (e.g. "Chamber of Deputies")-->
|area_label2                 = <!-- label below area_label (optional) -->
|sovereignty_type =   <!--Brief description of country/territory's status ("Independence [from...]", "Autonomous province [of...]", etc)-->
|area_dabodyalign            = <!-- text after area_label2 (optional) -->
|sovereignty_note =  
|population_estimate         = 463,144,538
|established_event1 = <!--First key event in history of country/territory's status or formation-->
|population_estimate_rank   =  
|established_date1 = <!--Date of first key event-->
|population_estimate_year   =  
|established_event2 = <!--Second key event-->
|population_census           =  
|established_date2 = <!--Date of second key event-->
|population_census_year     =  
<!--......-->
|population_density_km2     =  
|established_event13 = <!--(up to 13 distinct events may be included)-->
|population_density_sq_mi   =  
|established_date13 =
|population_density_rank     =
|area_rank =  
|GDP_PPP                    =
|area =               <!--Major area size (in [[Template:convert]] either km2 or sqmi first)-->
|GDP_PPP_rank               =  
|area_km2 =           <!--Major area size (in square km)-->
|GDP_PPP_year               =  
|area_sq_mi =         <!--Area in square mi (requires area_km2)-->
|GDP_PPP_per_capita         =  
|area_footnote =     <!--Optional footnote for area-->
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank     =  
|percent_water =  
|GDP_nominal                 = 12.2 trillion
|area_label =         <!--Label under "Area" (default is "Total")-->
|GDP_nominal_rank           =  
|area_label2 =       <!--Label below area_label (optional)-->
|GDP_nominal_year           =  
|area_data2 =         <!--Text after area_label2 (optional)-->
|GDP_nominal_per_capita     = 26,349
|population_estimate = 5,431,000
|population_estimate_rank =  
|population_estimate_year = 2021
|population_census =  
|population_census_year =  
|population_density_km2 =  
|population_density_sq_mi =  
|population_density_rank =  
|nummembers =        <!--An alternative to population for micronation-->
|GDP_PPP =                     <!--(Gross Domestic Product from Purchasing Power Parity)-->
|GDP_PPP_rank =  
|GDP_PPP_year =  
|GDP_PPP_per_capita =  
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =  
|GDP_nominal =  
|GDP_nominal_rank =  
|GDP_nominal_year =  
|GDP_nominal_per_capita =  
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =  
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =  
|Gini                        =
|Gini =                       <!--(Gini measure of income inequality; input number only; valid values are between 0 and 100)-->
|Gini_rank                   =
|Gini_ref =                   <!--(for any ref/s to associate with Gini number)-->
|Gini_year                   =
|Gini_rank =  
|Gini_category              =
|Gini_year =  
|HDI                         = 0.81
|HDI_year =           <!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year-->
|HDI_rank                    =  
|HDI =               <!--(Human Development Index; input number only; valid values are between 0 and 1)-->
|HDI_year                    =  
|HDI_change =         <!--increase/decrease/steady; rank change from previous year-->
|HDI_category                =
|HDI_rank =  
|currency                   = Ossotian Ruble (OR)
|HDI_ref =           <!--(for any ref/s to associate with HDI number)-->
|currency_code               =  
|currency =           <!--Name/s of currency/ies used in country/territory-->
|time_zone                   = CCT, CNT, ECT
|currency_code =     <!--ISO 4217 code/s for currency/ies (each usually three capital letters)-->
|utc_offset                 = +3, UTC+4, UTC+5
|time_zone =         <!--e.g. GMT, PST, AST, etc, etc (wikilinked if possible)-->
|time_zone_DST              =  
|utc_offset =         <!--in the form "+N", where N is number of hours offset-->
|antipodes                   = <!-- countries or islands antipodal to this one -->
|time_zone_DST =      <!--Link to DST (Daylight Saving Time) used, otherwise leave empty-->
|date_format                 = dd-mm-yyyy
|utc_offset_DST =    <!--in the form "+N", where N is number of hours offset-->
|DST_note                    =
|DST_note =           <!--Optional note regarding DST use-->
|utc_offset_DST              =
|antipodes =         <!--Place/s exactly on the opposite side of the world to country/territory-->
|drives_on                   = right
|date_format =       <!--all-numeric date format and era, such as [[Common Era|CE]], [[Anno Domini|AD]], [[Hijri year|AH]], etc.; e.g. {{abbr|yyyy|year}}-{{abbr|mm|month}}-{{abbr|dd|day}} ([[Anno Domini|AD]]) -->
|cctld                       =  
|drives_on =         <!--"right" or "left" (side of road)-->
|iso3166code                 = <!-- optional to override the default determined using the
|cctld =             <!--Internet country code top-level domain identifier (e.g. [[.br]], [[.de]], etc)
                              ''common_name'' parameter; set to ''omit'' to omit. -->
|iso3166code =       <!--Use to override default from common_name parameter above; omit using "omit".-->
|calling_code               = 1 +
|calling_code =       <!--e.g. [[+1]], [[+531]], [[+44]], etc-->
|image_map3                 =
|patron_saint =      <!--Use patron_saints for multiple-->
|alt_map3                   =
|image_map3 =         <!--Optional third map position, e.g. for use with reference to footnotes below it-->
|footnotes                  = <!--for any generic non-numbered footnotes-->
|alt_map3 =           <!--alt text for third map position-->
|footnote1                  =
|footnote_a =         <!--For any footnote <sup>a</sup> used above-->
|footnote2                  =
|footnote_b =         <!--For any footnote <sup>b</sup> used above-->
|footnote3                  =
<!--......-->
|footnote_h =         <!--For any footnote <sup>h</sup> used above-->
|footnotes =         <!--For any generic non-numbered footnotes-->
}}
}}


'''Ossotia''', also known as the '''United Federation of Ossotia''' is a great-power, democratic nation located in the [[Malea]] and [[Catel]] regions of Euresia. Covering over a million square kilometers, Ossotia is known as the largest nation on the continent, and the xth largest in the world. Ossotia is bordered by [[Syrania]] and [[Azraelia]] to the west, [[Geresia]], [[Koroszida]], [[Zagorno]] and [[Alessia]] to the south, [[North Cynea]], [[South Cynea]], and [[Sarania]] to the east, and the Northern Ocean to the north. Ossotia also shares maritime borders with [[Kalaria]], [[Vitalia]] and [[Glycenia]], making it the country with the most borders in [[Euresia]]. Ossotia currently maintains a permanent position on the ICN security council, and is known for being one of the most influential nations in the [[International Coalition of Nations]] [ICN]. It is a founding member of the [[Euresian Defense Organization]] [EDO], and is a member of the [[Catel Humanitarian Aid Project]] [CHAP], the [[International Health and Sciences Organization]] [IHSO], the [[North Euresian Economic Development Organization]] [NEEDO], the [[International Climate Accords]] [ICA], the [[Euresian Oil Organization]] [EOO], and the [[Malean Economic and Cultural Development Organization]] [MECDO]. Ossotia is highly active across Euresia politically, economically and culturally, which contributes to its heavy influence across the continent.
The '''Federation of Ossotia''', known commonly as '''Ossotia''', is a nation in southern [[Ausiana]] bordered by [[Beleroskov]] and [[Skarmia]], with a coast on the [[Beleroskov Sea]] and four enclaves within Beleroskov. It has a population of 5.2 million people. Its capital is [[Tibliskana]] and its largest city is [[Novyska]], and it is led by [[President of Ossotia|President]] [[Sergei Yugorunov]]. It is a member state of the [[Coalition of Crown Albatross]]. Ossotia was a part of the [[United Communist and Socialist States]] (UCSS) from 1912 until 1982 when it declared independence. The UCSS led an [[Ossotia War|invasion of Ossotia]] in 1983 to try and retain Ossotia within the union. The war lasted until 1984 and resulted in the deaths of over 100,000 people, significantly shifting Ossotia's demographics.


Ossotia has had a heavy hand in several major world events, including the independence of many Catelian countries and the [[Greater Cynean Civil War]]. Ossotia also is often the main backing power for most ICN resolutions, with the secondary backer being [[Nevakia]], Ossotia's longtime rival. The two nations have been undergoing an influence war for the past three decades, and this has shown within regions such as [[Greater Cynea]], [[Nezea]] and [[Catel]].
Since declaring independence in 1983, only four people have led the country; [[Yugov Olegovich]] (1983-91), [[Ikovle Lebedinsky]] (1991-2005), [[Kosheleva Manka]] (2005-2022), and [[Sergei Yugorunov]] (2022-present). Manka, as did his predecessors, headed an authoritarian government with a poor human rights record due to widespread abuses. Manka was [[2022 Ossotia Coup|ousted by the military on May 6th, 2022]], and Sergei Yugorunov took power. Ossotia, [[Yuan]] and Beleroskov signed a treaty for greater cooperation, joining the [[Shanghan Cooperation Alliance|Alliance of Central and West Ausianan Cooperation]]. Ossotia is a developing country.  


==History==
==History==
===Pre-History===
The Malea region, in which modern-day Ossotia is located, has been inhabited by humans since the Paleolithic period. The oldest known inhabitants of the Malea region were the Homo Habilis, however there is debate in the scientific community over bones found in Miznokeshovo cave, which have been identified as possible austrolopithecene bones. The current concensus however is that Malea was first inhabited by tribes of Homo Habilis.
Many thousands of tools, pottery shards, bones and ruined structures can be found in northern Ossotia, especially in the Ossotia Proper, Ossotia Lesser and Velka provinces, with the oldest artifacts dating back to almost 140,000 BC. These include stone figureheads and copper statues crafted during the Bronze Age, likely by the first Malean civilizations. Artifacts pertaining to hunter gatherer tribes can also be found, indicating that Malea had a longer transition into agricultural communities.
===Kibrian Tribes===
The Kibrian tribes were the first civilizations in Malea to have abundant evidence indicating both their existence and their impact on the region as a whole. The tribes mainly inhabited the coastlines of the Kibara river and the northern coastal plains, with most communities being small farming villages centered around a main walled village in which the tribal chief would have lived. Archaeological evidence suggests that many of these communities grew barley, wheat and potatoes, and often didn't have any form of livestock until the later Kibrian period. The Kibrian river people often used canoes and rafts to make their way from place to place, whereas those who lived in the coastal plains area often simply moved on foot.
The Kibrian culture was vastly different than that of the modern day, with society being divided into strict social classes, cuisine being very plant-based, and elders often being disregarded. Archaeological evidence suggests that most deaths of natural causes occured around age 50 for most Kibrian individuals, and evidence suggests that most of these natural causes were likely starvation or disease. Kibrian culture often revolved around three 'Pkamji', or 'Pillars', which served as the pantheon for the Kibrian people. These three pillars were Nmaszvy, god of life, Basbu, goddess of death, and their son Mpivi, god of time. Most Kibrians would preform grand sacrifices to the pillars dependent on what they ruled over, such as animal sacrifice for Basbu, dedication of a newborn child to Nmaszvy, or fasting for Mpivi. Ancient clay texts from the Kibara river reveal insights into religious practices in this culture, with many of them being based on the Kibara river itself, as it was believed the Kibara river was a direct pathway to the three pillars.
Evidence from this period shows that the Kibrians were split into two different cultures, the River tribes and the Plains tribes, and the two groups would often fight one another as a sacrifice to the most demanding god, Basbu. It was believed that one had to sacrifice to Basbu every birthday or Basbu would take your soul to his realm that year as punishment for not satifying him, and so the tribes were almost constantly at war or raiding one another for animals and people to sacrifice to the pillar of death. However this would begin to faze out of Kibria in the later period as a great famine hit the region, culling almost 80% of the total population and causing a mass collapse of civilization in the area, reducing most groups into nomadic tribes.
===Spirin Republic (44 BC - 200 AD)===
===Kingdom of Vlatis (200 AD - 1082 AD)===
After the collapse of the Spirin Republic in 200 AD, many different civilizations emerged from the ashes, including the Kingdom of Vlatis. This kingdom is one of the first kingdoms from which modern scientists have firsthand accounts and extensive written information. The Vlatians lived in modern-day Ossotia Proper and Ossotia Lesser, and were very feudal politically and culturally, with Boyars ruling over lordships across the kingdom, and the King being the top authority and diplomatic representative. The crown's authority in this period was weak however, and inter-familial wars often occurred due to even minor disagreements between Boyars. The Kingdom of Vlatis however would slowly centralize post-800 AD, after the [[Velkan Migration]] caused the first documented war, the Three Years War.
In 800 AD, Velkan (modern-day Saranian) tribes from modern-day Glycenia began to migrate from eastern Euresia into the Malean region, which caused conflict with the Malean kingdoms currently inhabiting the area. Many of these kingdoms resisted individually but were conquered by the migrating Velkans, which prompted Vlatis and several of its neighbors to band together and fight the Velkan tribes. This began to Three Years War, which was a brutal conflict between the Velkans and Maleans and saw casualties in the thousands, the equivalent of millions in the modern day. The conflict would end following the [[Battle of Bryzkemy]], which saw the Velkan tribes defeated at the border of modern-day Ossotia Proper and Velka and their great chief, Mpyrzyg, captured and executed by King Aefol of Vlatis.
The war would cause a significant shift in the political situation as well, as many of Vlatis' neighbors had suffered irreplacable numbers of casualties during the Battle of Bryzkemy, whereas Vlatis, having reserved its men until later in the battle, still had a mostly-intact army raised and ready as summer approached. This is one of the many factors which fueled the conquest period, which lasted until 1052 AD, when the Kingdom of Vlatis would suffer from a rebellion.
After the annexation of several Velkan and Malean nations in the 1000s, protests and riots began to break out due to the use of slavery as a punishment, and due to the mismanagement and even abuse of conquered territories by the ruling dynasty, the Maszeowicy family. This civil unrest eventually culminated into a rebellion when several influential lords, including the brother of King Aefol, Lord Kirin Szylymiskono, raised their armies under the Szylymiskono family's banner and marched on the capital city of Ykaryzy to depose the Maszeowicy dynasty. The royal family met this army at the city of Bystric, and the following battle massacred the royal forces, and saw King Aefol beheaded publicly at the coronation of King Kirin Szylymiskono.
===Kingdom of Ossotia (1082 AD - 1086 AD)===
The deposition of the Maszeowicy family would ultimately cause the downfall of the Kingdom of Vlatis, however, due to the political situation in Malea. after King Kirin's coronation, he would rename the kingdom the Kingdom of Ossotia, claiming rights to the entire region of Malea, which in this period was also known as Ossotia, the land of the Ossotian ethnic peoples (Maleans, Velkans, and Banethians). This broad territorial claim, followed by King Kirin's marriage to Queen Bysyna, daughter of the King of Velka, would cause major outrage in the neighboring Medevian Empire, which was undergoing a warmonging period, and the neighboring principalities of Messery and Nemask, both of which were also ethnically Ossotian.
The Medevian Empire would invade the Kingdom of Ossotia in 1086 AD with the help of the western principalities, and this two-fronted invasion would roll over the armies of King Kirin and would ultimately cause the collapse of the Kingdom of Ossotia in just under four months.
===Medevian Empire (1086 AD - 1772 AD)===
The Malean region rested under the control of the Medevian Empire for hundreds of years, as the empire maintained loose control over most of its territories, reminiscent of early-Vlatian feudalism, and often permitted greater freedoms to its people than most other monarchies did at the time. The Malean region would exist peacefully within Medevia until the 1700s, when things would rapidly spiral out of control during the Medevian Collapse.
In the 1700s, Ossotian armies from kingdoms not taken by Medevia would begin to create chaos and anarchy with raids and looting across the Medevian countryside, left unchecked due to the ongoing crisis within the nation caused by the collapse of the royal family and the ensuing power vaccuum created. These armies, helped by Ossotian lords under the imperial crown, would devastate the Ossotian region and seize vast swathes of territory from the empire, however these tracks of land would soon become duchies and counties under Messery and Nemask.
===Independence (1778 AD)===
Only a few years after the seizure of the territories from Medevia, the Ossotian duchies would begin revolting due to a combined sense of nationalism and patriotism for their former kingdom. These revolts saw thousands of soldiers amassed from the various duchies fight the Messerian and Nemaskian royal armies, and repeatedly be defeated and the territories looted as a result. However, in 1778, a lord named Vlatimir Szemylaw would lead one of these revolts, and this revolt ended up succeeding.
During the 1778 Ossotian revolt, Vlatimir Szemylaw managed to successfully and repeatedly push back the armies of Messeria from his home territory, and managed to consistently defeat the crown troops in battle after battle during the war, often using guerilla tactics and artillery barrages to soften up royal forces before engaging them with his battle lines. this soon culminated in the crown conceding the war as not to lose control over the other lords, granting the regions of modern-day Ossotia Proper and Ossotia Lesser to Vlatimir, who was then coronated as Vlatimir Szemylaw I of the Kingdom of Ossotia.
===September Riots===
Several decades after Ossotia gained full independence once more, it would encounter civil strife and unrest. After King Vlatimir III instituted the [[Act of the Royal Crown]] in 1893 after the Colonial Wars, many Loyalists began to actively protest the act by refusing to work, refusing calls to service in the royal army, and by blocking shipments of goods from leaving major trade ports. These protests soon turned into riots after troops were deployed to control the unrest, and these riots saw stores burned down, soldiers assaulted at their posts, and merchant ships blown up using gunpowder barrels to prevent their use. This caused great damage to the Ossotian economy, which at the time was based off of trade, and this ultimately caused the Crown to rescind the act in 1895 after twenty Royal merchant vessels were sunk by rioters in Yekaterina's harbor.
These riots would nonetheless continue after the abolition of the act, with a sense of personal rights and resistance to authoritarianism now burning in Ossotia following the beginning of the riots. This would prompt rioters to begin demanding a constitution be written and passed in Ossotia, as had happened in Glycenia years prior, as the people wanted justice for the Royal Crown Act. After a raid on the Yekaterina Royal Palace, the King would acquiese, allowing an elected group of officials to write the [[1900 Ossotian Constitution]]. A National Assembly was then formed, composed of all the lords of the realm, however twenty years after this reform, the nation would drastically change.
===Formation of the Federation===
In 1920, twenty years after the creation of the first Ossotian Constitution, King Vlatimir III would be assassinated by a Banethian activist on the streets of Yekaterina during a speech to the public, which was being recorded. This would become the first and last time that an Ossotian king would be on camera for historians, as following the assassination of Vlatimir III, the country would enter into a brief power struggle between the lords of the Assembly, and Vlatimir's son, Vlatimir the IV. this struggle would only last for a little over a month however, a the Assembly had the Royal Army arrest and execute Vlatimir IV by public hanging, which was then followed by a speech by the Assembly's elected representative, Lord Lyzkic Manty, whom declared that the Assembly of Lords was to be renamed as the Ministry Council, and that feudalism was being abolished in Ossotia, as change was needed for the safety of the people. A new assembly, the National Assembly, was to be created, and this assembly would have senators within it elected by the people of Ossotia, and the new leader of the nation was to be the First Minister, chosen from among the serving ministers. He served as the first Prime Minister of the Ossotian Federation.
==Geography==
==Geography==
Ossotia is bordered to the north and east by Beleroskov and to the west by Skarmia, with a southern coast along the Beleroskov Sea. Ossoita has four enclaves within Beleroskov, and Beleroskov has five enclaves within Ossotia. Ossotia also administers several dozen islands in the Beleroskov Sea, most of which are rocky outcroppings.


===Climate===
Geographically, Ossotia is located in 3 natural landscape zones: the forest zone to the north (coniferous and broad-leaved forests), the basis of which is pine-oak forests, pine forests and broad-leaved forests with the participation of oak and maple. Spruce occasionally joins them. Areas of the southern taiga are found on the coast of the region. The forest-steppe zone occupies the central regions of the region and is represented by a combination of areas of broad-leaved forests, most often oak and meadow steppes. Red deer, roe deer, elk, and sometimes bears are found in these forests. The south of the region is occupied by steppes consisting of typchak and sagebrush.
 
===Wildlife===
 
===Environment===
 
==Government==
 
===National Assembly===
 
The National Assembly is the main legislative body of Ossotia, and often the anchorpoint of Ossotian politics in the modern day. The assembly is composed of 450 Senators, all elected from the provinces across the country. Each senator serves a 6-year term, and can be elected for a maximum of four terms before he/she cannot run again. The Assembly has the ability to ratify and veto bills written by the [[Prime Minister]], Ministry Council, and any other government body, and reserve the right to call any law into debate should it be deemed questionable by the [[Head Speaker]]. The Senate is also the body that must grant the Prime Minister emergency powers should a crisis emerge, in order to prevent abuse of power and corruption. The [[Head Speaker]], the representative of the Senate whom sits on the Ministry Council, is often chosen from the 450 senators by the Prime Minister during his first year in office.
 
===Ministry Council===
The Ministry Council primarily exists as a check and balance to the Senate, however its usefulness has been called into question as of 2020. It is composed of each and every minister in the [[Prime Minister]]'s cabinet, which on average amounts to ~18 Ministers. The council also includes the Speaker of the Senate and the [[Vice Minister]]. The council possesses only two notable powers in government: The ability to strike a bill from the ratification process with a majority vote, and the ability to remove a Prime Minister from office. Though these two powers are major in government, they may soon be transferred to the Senate to further consolidate power. The Prime Minister also sits on the council, and though he is at the mercy of the council, he may also remove Ministers and Senators, granting him stability should corruption and abuse emerge in either body.
 
===Provinces===
 
Ossotia is divided up into several federal provinces, all of which represent major political and economic regions within the Federation, and which also represent territories conquered by Ossotia throughout the nation's history. Each province has its own governor and national guard, with heavy limits on the powers of both within the province. Federal Law applies to most of each province, however there are specific categories of life in which Provincial Law takes precedent.
 
{| class="wikitable"
!Map!!Name and flag!!Administrative centre!!Population
|-
| rowspan="16" |<center>{{Image Pending}}</center>
! colspan="5" |[[Federal Provinces]]
|-
| [[Ossotia Proper]]
| [[Anderra]]
| 41,220,000
|-
| [[Ossotia Lesser]]
| [[Olarian]]
| 39,771,294
|-
| [[Ventis]]
| [[Blake]]
| 97,223,581
|-
| [[Messera]]
| [[Valogorod]]
| 102,776,680
|-
| [[Velka]]
| [[Velka City]]
| 32,904,283
|-
| [[Salaria]]
| [[Blaithe]]
| 38,552,103
|-
| [[Arsainne]]
| [[Marcaus]]
| 19,398,932
|-
| [[Namesk]]
| [[Veliky Karzograd]]
| 67,193,441
|-
! colspan="5" |[[Federal Territories]]
|-
| [[Territory of North Rascia]]
| [[Jarkodan]]
| 23,884,120
|-
| [[Kylian Islands]]
| [[Dniprovask]]
| 220,104
|-
|-
|-
|}
 
===Foreign Relations===
 
Ossotia maintains foreign relations with 117 countries globally, and 35 states in [[Euresia]]. Ossotia maintains embassies in all nations with which it holds diplomatic ties, however it only has ambassadors for 97 of them, which has caused major issues in diplomacy for Ossotia in the past decade.
 
Ossotia maintains a very close relation with the Republic of [[Glycenia]], with both nations being founding members of both the ICN and the EDO, and being closely tied together economically and politically. However, recently Glycenian and Ossotian relations have begun to strain slightly after major disagreements arose over the Cynean Civil War, which, if tensions raise too high, may cause a major shift in power for both nations and may cause a massive shift away from the current global status quo.
 
===Foreign Policy===
 
Ossotia maintains a foreign policy anchored on the pursuit of democracy across Euresia, sometimes to the detriment of its neighbors. Ossotia has an international reputation as a nation of freedom and opportunity, however also as a dangerous political entity. This has come about largely due to Ossotia's interventions in [[Catel]] and [[Greater Cynea]], both of which have rapidly destabilized both regions greatly and extended tensions and conflict in the regions beyond what would have naturally occurred. This failure of peaceful diplomacy has also lost Ossotia a great amount of trust with many Catelian and Malean nations, which has further destabilized Ossotia's position as a world superpower.
 
Ossotia has recently shifted its foreign policy following the beginning of violence in [[Zagorno]] and [[Geresia]], instead opting to pursue bringing Ossotian troops home from abroad to instead pursue the peace process in Cynea, and to begin opening talks with both [[Koroszida]] and [[Zagorno]] to attempt and mediate the ongoing [[Alessian Crisis]]. However, neither recent goals have been seen as achievable for Ossotia by many Ossotian politicians and geopolitical analysts, which has caused the debate over Ossotia's future foreign policy to intensify due to the repeated poor decisions and poor outcomes in the modern day.


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
 
==Politics==
Ossotia is well-known for having the largest area of any nation on Euresia, and for having the largest population in Euresia consequentially. This large population is caused primarily by two major events in Ossotia's long history: The period of conquest, and the baby boom in the 1900s. Ossotia has numerous federal programs in place to support the rapidly expanding population of the country, however with ethnic and political tensions in [[North Rascia]], a famine across the whole Catel region, and refugees flooding into Ossotia through [[North Cynea]] and [[South Cynea]], these policies have begun becoming overwhelmed and a humanitarian issue has emerged in the southern territories of the Federation. This has prompted several reforms to be passed by the National Assembly and implemented across the nation, with the goal of mitigating the damage done by the numerous issues in the south and preventing further issues from arising.
{{Historical populations
|type = sdsd
|footnote = Source: [[Federal Establishment Act]] census (1920-Present)
|1920 | 41220401
|1930 | 49223799
|1940 | 62721404
|1950 | 143809253
|1960 | 150922401
|1970 | 159484374
|1980 | 245102492
|1990 | 391704231
|2000 | 401842924
|2010 | 451492104
|2020 | 463,114,538
}}
 
{{Largest cities
| name        = Largest cities in the Ossotian Federation
| country      = Ossotia
| stat_ref    = Federal Census
| list_by_pop  =
| class        = nav
| div_name    = Province
| div_link    =
 
|city_1 = Yekaterina
|div_1 = Ossotia Proper
|pop_1 = 19,332,103
|img_1 =
 
|city_2 = Olarian
|div_2 = Ossotia Lesser
|pop_2 = 7,441,230
|img_2 =
 
|city_3 = Blake
|div_3 = Ventis
|pop_3 = 4,932,075
|img_3 = 
 
|city_4 = Valogorod
|div_4 = Messera
|pop_4 = 3,403,919
|img_4 =
 
|city_5 = Veliky Karzograd
|div_5 = Namesk
|pop_5 = 3,202,492
|img_5 =
 
|city_6 = Kizna
|div_6 = Velka
|pop_6 = 3,108,987
|img_6 =
 
|city_7 = Blaithe
|div_7 = Salaria
|pop_7 = 2,501,332
|img_7 =
 
|city_8 = Marcaus
|div_8 = Arsainne
|pop_8 = 2,391,442
|img_8 =
 
|city_9 = Jarkodan
|div_9 = North Rascia
|pop_9 = 1,813,997
|img_9 =
 
|city_10 = Basara
|div_10 = Ossotia Lesser
|pop_10 = 1,342,000
|img_10 =
 
|city_11 = Novy Karkodan
|div_11 = Ossotia Proper
|pop_11 = 972,601
|img_11 =
 
|city_12 = Novy Sobor
|div_12 = Velka
|pop_12 = 704,200
|img_12 =
 
|city_13 = Ckyszina
|div_13 = North Rascia
|pop_13 = 700,304
|img_13 =
 
|city_14 = Danovo
|div_14 = Velka
|pop_14 = 543,127
|img_14 =
 
|city_15 = Kasczadan
|div_15 = Velka
|pop_15 = 541,111
|img_15 =
 
|city_16 = Balany
|div_16 = Ossotia Proper
|pop_16 = 491,201
|img_16 =
 
|city_17 = Arkina
|div_17 = Messera
|pop_17 = 332,002
|img_17 =
 
|city_18 = Kurzyn
|div_18 = Messera
|pop_18 = 292,807
|img_18 =
 
|city_19 = Malakhno
|div_19 = North Rascia
|pop_19 = 201,440
|img_19 =
 
|city_20 = Dniprovask
|div_20 = Kylian Islands
|pop_20 = 51,804
|img_20 =
}}
 
===Education===
 
The government subsidizes and operates over 13 separate education and service programs across the country, with many focused on those aged 15 and up. A large portion of the population in the ethnically Banethian and Saranian provinces have low literacy rates and low averages of graduation from high school level and above, which is at a great difference to high university graduation rates and near-100% literacy rates in ethnically-Ossotian provinces. Because of this educational gap, the educational programs provided by the government often see a majority of their use in the south and east of Ossotia, with millions of students benefiting from the programs each year. The four most used programs are the [[Program for Student Safety and Education]] [PS2E], the [[Federal Student Disability Act]] [FSDA], the [[Education of Students in Poverty Act]] [ESPA], and the [[Standardized Elementary Schooling Act]] [SESA].
 
===Healthcare===
 
The Ossotian healthcare system is often seen as one of the most favorable in the world, with the government paying hefty dividends to several federal insurance programs for those who cannot afford private insurance. Treatment for major diseases and conditions such as Cancer, AIDS, Down Syndrome, Autism and others is free in Ossotia, with treatment costs covered by the [[Federal Citizen's Terminal Care Act]] [FCTCA]. Federal funds also support numerous hospital centers across the country, allowing the average hospital in Ossotia to grant high-level care to many and to grant free ambulance services to those who need it.
 
Most insurance companies across Ossotia, such as [[Garden of Eden]] and [[Masoslavi]], are given tax funds from annual tax collections based on how many people are signed onto their databases for coverage, which helps cover the high costs most insurance companies receive due to the general coverage of medical costs for patience under their jurisdiction. Employee's Insurance is also covered by insurance companies. Private companies, good examples being the previously-mentioned Garden of Eden and Masoslavi companies, often cost an average of 2,000 OR/year to subscribe to, due to the need of extra funds to help the much greater extent of coverage that private companies give, by law. This includes coverage of sexual reorientation surgeries, therapy, minor health conditions, and even contraception for those under age 30. Government-run insurance programs however, such as the [[Federal Insurance Program]] [FIP1], are completely free, only requiring a member be living in Ossotia for more than a year and have no criminal record, however they do not cover nearly as much, only paying for major surgeries, treatment of major diseases and conditions, treatment for moderate to severe injuries, ambulance costs, and rehabilitation services for addicts or violent persons.
 
The therapy sector of Ossotian Healthcare has seen major reform and change in recent years due to many violent crimes committed in [[Yekaterina]] and other major cities, most of which were committed by criminally insane escaped convicts, and due to the high drop-out rate for mentally ill students. Some of these changes include the foundation of the [[Trauma Rehabilitation Program]] [TRP], which already has over a hundred thousand participants, and the passing of the [[Mental Health Security Act]], which stipulates that those who are diagnosed with a mental illness or condition with interferes in their daily life will be granted free therapy services and medication, along with a mental health security payment of 4,800 OR per month while unemployed, in order to help secure the everyday lives of those who find difficulty living independently due to medical issues.
 
Those who suffer from PTSD or other severe mental conditions have recently finally seen government coverage and support reach them after the [[2020 Support for Veterans Protests]], which were sparked after soldiers returning home from Cynea and Nezea were only given low-level subsidies for living, and no government support for mental illness on their insurance. The changes which came  after these protests were immense, including the addition of PTSD and Criminal Insanity support into federal insurance programs, and the addition of a 9,400 OR fund provision for all severe trauma victims and for those deemed unfit for independent life by medical professionals. The government has also added a new provision for rehabilitation of affected people, which includes payment for consistent physical and mental therapy sessions up to bidaily, and for a rehab officer to attend to them every week to make sure they are integrating properly into society.
 
==Culture==
==Culture==
===Cuisine===
===Media===
==Economy==
==Economy==


The Ossotian economy is the largest in [[Euresia]], and the xth largest globally. Ossotia's economy is also the fastest growing economy globally, with the nation's GDP growing by 9.1% annually. Ossotia's vast economy and rapid economic expansion are largely due to the nation's expansive natural resources and its numerous domestic programs that provide annual stimulus to the economy. Ossotia's economic size and stability helps contribute to its numerous healthcare, education, and social welfare programs currently instituted by both the state and private businesses, with the average Ossotian citizen able to expect substantial safety nets provided by their government and family, and the average ill citizen able to expect plenty of financial aid to help them stay in society comfortably and productively.
[[Category:Coalition of Crown Albatross]][[Category:Ossotia]][[Category:Beleroskov]]
 
Ossotia's economic policies often include the use of foreign investments and dynamic taxes to help keep funds flowing into the [[National Treasury]], and this includes a high federal income tax, which requires people with an annual income of six figures to pay 50,000 OR per paycheck. Federal taxes become much more lenient as one climbs down the social ladder, with most impoverished individuals with a payroll typically expecting to only pay a maximum of 200 OR to the income tax due to being registered as destitute. However, this tax is not the only federal tax, with other taxes including a government sales tax, a business tax, a social welfare tax, and even a federal services tax.
 
Currently, Ossotia is handling a level of debt which almost exceeds its annual GDP, with the nation over 9 trillion OR in debt. The government currently invests a further trillion OR annually into foreign organizations and projects globally, which places the nation further into debt each year. To counteract the mounting debt issue, the [[Federal Bank Commission]] [FBC] has nationalized several private banking companies and is currently enforcing several business and private debts across the nation, however this has caused much unrest for the general populace, due to Ossotian law permitting jailtime as a potential addition to asset seizure as punishment for unpaid debt.
 
===Social Welfare and Labor===
Ossotia has the most extensive social welfare system in the world, with the government spending nearly 22 billion OR annually on social welfare programs. Currently, an estimated 75% of the population is currently enrolled in at least one welfare program, and an estimated 30% of those enrolled have been enrolled in the last 5 years. Ossotia's social programs are currently a heavy focus of the McClain Administration, with PM Mcclaine having pledged during his campaign that Ossotia's poor and destitute in the southern provinces will see an average level of financial security above the poverty line by 2030.
 
Ossotia's employment situation is one that has fluctuated in and out of crisis since the seventies, due to the stigma surrounding the issue. This negative reputation is largely caused by the correlation between homelessness/unemployment and crime, with the currently conservative senate opposed to disturbing the status quo of the modern situation. In 2021, the issue is mostly stable, with unemployment rates kept under 18% and homelessness kept to below 8% of the urban population, however this is currently at risk of increasing due to the recent collapse of the [[Federal Housing Program]] [FHP] coupled with the recent influx of refugees from [[Greater Cynea]].
 
==Military==
 
The official armed force of Ossotia is the [[Ossotian Federal Defense Forces]], and it serves a crucial role in both Ossotian sovereignity, and foreign policy, in the modern day. It is currently deployed in six total major conflicts, including peacekeeping operations in Nezea, the counter-terrorism operations in both Nezea and Greater Cynea, and the anti-monarchist fighting in Greater Cynea. It has also seen use against the [[Euresian Refugee Crisis]] of 2019, caused by the war in Greater Cynea. This use in the crisis however has drawn condemnation internatioanlly, as many nations accuse Ossotia of using force to deter further refugees. This has been met with opposition by Ossotia, as the nation is facing a slowly-worsening issue in the southern provinces caused by the rapid influx of refugees and the famine in Catel. The Defense Forces continue to serve their intended purposes despite the condemnations however, and currently possess a reputation of being highly effective, unaffected by the current political situation.
 
====History====
The first national military force to be formed in Ossotia was the Continental Militia Army in 1772, following Ossotia's independence from the [[Medevian Empire]]. The Continental Militia Army was largely comprised of uniformed conscripts from across the nation, and did not possess any form of high-quality gear or even a naval corps. It numbered an estimated 60,000 soldiers, and it had two branches to it: the Conscripted Ranks, and the Grenadier Corps. The Conscripted ranks was the main body of the CMA, with the average serviceman being ~19 years of age, and only having basic training with a musket and basic training in physical endurance and formation discipline. The Grenadier Corps was the backbone of the army however, consisting of all artillery and cavalry battalions and consisting of about 8,000 battle-hardened, and extensively trained grenadiers. The CMA would see action in only two conflicts before it would be reformed. These two conflicts were the [[Medevian Collapse of 1778]], and the [[Velkan War]].
 
In 1840, the recently-coronated [[King Vlatimir Szemylaw III]] reformed the Ossotian military in response to the invention of steam power and mass production, which had already spread from Ossotia into Glycenia and Greater Cynea. The Continental Militia Army was renamed the [[Royal Ossotian Army]], and was reorganized into three branches and six sub-branches. The three main branches were the Royal Army, Royal Navy, and Royal Guard. The Royal Army was the backbone of the new military, consisting of ~120,000 men at its peak, all of whom were voluntary servicemen trained for a minimum of two years with a rifle, and in physical condition, formation discipline, and personal discipline. The army was organized into four corps, with each one consisting of 30,000 men. The Army had a Cavalry subdivision, Grenadier subdivision, and Artillery Corps subdivision, with each subdivision providing two battalions of men to each Army Corps. The Royal Navy was the youngest branch in the ROA, consisting of 35 total ships with a large majority being brigs and third-rates, due to the lack of funding the navy had. The navy had only a few thousand sailors whom were well trained, and largely consisted of conscripted men from the coastal provinces of Ossotia. Finally, the Royal Guard was only two thousand men strong, and included the Home Guard and the Royal Marines. The Home Guard was the most prestigious unit in the ROA, consisting of only 100 individuals whom were the best soldiers in the Royal Grenadiers or the Royal Marines, picked by the Monarch personally. The Royal Marines comprised the rest of the guard, and they served in most overseas deployments. The ROA would see much more action than its precursor, fighting in the [[First World War]], the [[1870 Colonial Wars]], and many minor conflicts in both Malea and Catel. The ROA served with distinction in all conflicts it fought in, and was rarely defeated on the field or at sea. The ROA would also see the addition of the Royal Air Force in 1901 after the invention of the armed biplane. The air force would initially only serve roles in recon, however after the inventions of General Macowitz in 1906 during the conquest of Messera, it would also begin serving bombardment and air superiority roles. However, in 1920 the ROA would be once again reorganized and reformed as the Monarchy was abolished, in order to transition the nation into a federation.
 
The [[Ossotian Federal Defense Forces]] would be officialized in 1920 after the formation of the Ossotian Federation, and would become the official armed forces of Ossotia from then on. The OFDF consists of four branches, however an unofficial fifth branch has recently been added due to its hefty cooperation with the other four. The four official branches are as follows: the Ground Forces [ODFG], the Air Forces [ODFA], the Maritime Forces [OMDF], and the Intelligence Commision [ODIC]. The unofficial fifth branch is the Ossotian Department of Border Security [DBS], which has recently begun heavy cooperation with the OFDF to lessen the extent of refugee influx into already destitute areas in Ossotia, and to prevent illegal entry into the nation by refugees not following the entrance process. The ODFG consists of over six hundred thousand active personnel and hundreds of armored vehicles, and currently serves to secure Ossotia's geopolitical status abroad by participating in peacekeeping operations and counter-insurgency operations across the globe. The ODFG has also seen domestic deployments in North Rascia to maintain law and order in the region due to the ongoing riots. The ODFA consists of 4,670 total aircraft and serves a major role in Ossotia's military doctrine. It currently serves to provide ground support to deployed ground forces across the globe, however is organized and equipped to specialize in air superiority operations and to participate in providing a safe airspace during a military campaign. The OMDF is vastly different from its ancestor, the Royal Navy, mainly due to its strength and its funding. It is the second most funded branch of the OFDF, with the first being the ODFA, and is currently composed of over 400 vessels, all with state-of-the-art military technology. The navy also has the Naval Air Commission, which consists of four aircraft carriers and over two thousand naval aircraft. The NAC serves mainly to achieve air supremacy at sea and to provide ASW and precision strike operations during a war at sea. The ODIC is the only non-combatant branch of the army, and currently consists of over 25,000 personnel, and 2,800 declared field agents whom collect information from ongoing military operations and provide the intelligence to the ODIC databases for analysis and adaptation. However the ODIC is also known for using spies and infiltration tactics to collect information and to influence world events, and is infamous for its success during the Cold War between Ossotia and Nevakia in the 1980s. Finally, the DBS serves a more domestic role, however is not officially considered part of the OFDF. Currently composed of 45,000 guardsmen, the DBS garrisons the borders with Greater Cynea and with the Catel region, preventing illegal refugees and helping properly admit those fleeing from conflict into Ossotia. The DBS is the most strict of all the branches in regards to its use of lethal force and its deployment of armed force, with the average officer being armed only with a Glock 19 pistol for self defense. Due to the bad reputation the DBS has with lethal force, the use of the pistol by an officer constitutes a large amount of paperwork and legal review due to many restrictions and federal anti-gun policies, making officers often unable to properly stop threats when they emerge, which has also contributed to a recent increase in border security officer deaths.
 
====Foreign Deployments====
The Defense Forces currently serve a major role in only two foreign conflicts. Over six thousand servicemen are currently deployed as part of international peacekeeping operations in Nezea following the signing of the [[Lengerda Ceasefire]] in 2021, however these peacekeepers are currently being prepared for a slow withdrawal back home after a shift in Ossotia's foreign policy. This has opened the peacekeepers up to disdain and opposition by the local population, which is outraged by the decision due to the fact that the ceasefire will be at a higher risk of collapse should peacekeepers withdraw. A further three thousand servicemen are currently deployed in Cynea to help combat [[Anti-Governmental Forces]] terrorists in both South Cynea and North Cynea. This operation is part of a wider counterinsurgency operation against the AGF.
 
 
[[Category:Countries]]
[[Category:Euresia]]

Latest revision as of 05:07, 13 January 2024

Federation of Ossotia
Flag of Ossotia
Flag
OssotiaMap.png
CapitalTibliskana
LargestNovyska
Government
• President
Sergei Yugorunov
Population
• 2021 estimate
5,431,000

The Federation of Ossotia, known commonly as Ossotia, is a nation in southern Ausiana bordered by Beleroskov and Skarmia, with a coast on the Beleroskov Sea and four enclaves within Beleroskov. It has a population of 5.2 million people. Its capital is Tibliskana and its largest city is Novyska, and it is led by President Sergei Yugorunov. It is a member state of the Coalition of Crown Albatross. Ossotia was a part of the United Communist and Socialist States (UCSS) from 1912 until 1982 when it declared independence. The UCSS led an invasion of Ossotia in 1983 to try and retain Ossotia within the union. The war lasted until 1984 and resulted in the deaths of over 100,000 people, significantly shifting Ossotia's demographics.

Since declaring independence in 1983, only four people have led the country; Yugov Olegovich (1983-91), Ikovle Lebedinsky (1991-2005), Kosheleva Manka (2005-2022), and Sergei Yugorunov (2022-present). Manka, as did his predecessors, headed an authoritarian government with a poor human rights record due to widespread abuses. Manka was ousted by the military on May 6th, 2022, and Sergei Yugorunov took power. Ossotia, Yuan and Beleroskov signed a treaty for greater cooperation, joining the Alliance of Central and West Ausianan Cooperation. Ossotia is a developing country.

History

Geography

Ossotia is bordered to the north and east by Beleroskov and to the west by Skarmia, with a southern coast along the Beleroskov Sea. Ossoita has four enclaves within Beleroskov, and Beleroskov has five enclaves within Ossotia. Ossotia also administers several dozen islands in the Beleroskov Sea, most of which are rocky outcroppings.

Geographically, Ossotia is located in 3 natural landscape zones: the forest zone to the north (coniferous and broad-leaved forests), the basis of which is pine-oak forests, pine forests and broad-leaved forests with the participation of oak and maple. Spruce occasionally joins them. Areas of the southern taiga are found on the coast of the region. The forest-steppe zone occupies the central regions of the region and is represented by a combination of areas of broad-leaved forests, most often oak and meadow steppes. Red deer, roe deer, elk, and sometimes bears are found in these forests. The south of the region is occupied by steppes consisting of typchak and sagebrush.

Demographics

Politics

Culture

Economy

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