1988 Siege of Senora: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox military conflict | {{Infobox military conflict | ||
| conflict = Siege of Senora | | conflict = Siege of Senora | ||
| width = | | width = | ||
| partof = ''Movimiento del | | partof = ''Movimiento del Anáhuac Libre uprisings'' | ||
| image = File: | | image = File:Caracazo fire.png | ||
| image_size = | | image_size = | ||
| alt = | | alt = | ||
| caption = | | caption = Television images of Izalco in the moments the National Guard entered the city. | ||
| date = June 16 - July 10, 1988 (24 days) | | date = June 16 - July 10, 1988 (24 days) | ||
| place = State of [[Senora]], [[ | | place = State of [[Senora]], [[Anáhuac]] | ||
| coordinates = <!--Use the {{coord}} template --> | | coordinates = <!--Use the {{coord}} template --> | ||
| result = Uprising violently suppressed | | result = Uprising violently suppressed | ||
| Line 17: | Line 18: | ||
| status = | | status = | ||
| combatants_header = Combatants | | combatants_header = Combatants | ||
| combatant1 = | | combatant1 = | ||
* [[National Guard (Gran Rugido)|Guardia Nacional]] | {{flagicon|Gran Rugido}} [[Anáhuac|Federal Government]] | ||
| combatant2 = | ** [[File:Logo of the GRAF.png|23px]] [[Gran Rugidoense Federal Army]] | ||
| combatant3 = | ** [[National Guard (Gran Rugido)|Guardia Nacional]] | ||
| combatant2 = | |||
{{flagicon|Gran Rugido|FGR}} [[Movimiento por el Gran Rugido Libre]] | |||
| combatant3 = | |||
[[Autodefensas de Senora]] | |||
* Policía Popular | * Policía Popular | ||
* Other armed civilian groups | * Other armed civilian groups | ||
| commander1 = | | commander1 = | ||
{{flagicon|Gran Rugido}} President [[Sergio Kurosawa]] <br> | |||
{{flagicon|Gran Rugido}} Prime Minister [[Mateo Aspe de Armella]] <br> | |||
| commander2 = | {{flagicon|Gran Rugido}} Commander [[Francisco Javier Covarrubias]] <br> | ||
{{flagicon|Gran Rugido}} Advisor [[Julia Martínez]] | |||
| commander2 = | |||
| commander3 = | {{flagicon|Gran Rugido|FGR}} Comandante [[Eugenio Mercader]] <br> | ||
{{flagicon|Gran Rugido|FGR}} Subcomandante [[Alcina Sánchez]] <br> | |||
| strength1 = | {{flagicon|Gran Rugido|FGR}} [[César Cuadra]] <br> | ||
** | | commander3 = | ||
[[Mónica Beltrán-Torres]] <br> | |||
* | [[Nicolás Beltrán-Torres]] <br> | ||
| strength1 = | |||
* | [[Gran Rugidoense Federal Armed Forces]] | ||
| strength2 = | * 60,000 soldiers | ||
[[Gran Rugidoense Federal Army]] | |||
* 25,000 soldiers | |||
| strength3 = | [[National Guard (Gran Rugido)]] | ||
| casualties1 = | * 3,000 National Guard | ||
Legión N° 777 | |||
* 1,000 Legionaries | |||
| casualties2 = | | strength2 = | ||
+10,000 members | |||
| casualties3 = 66 autodefensas killed | 10 - 12 Piston airplanes | ||
1 captured APC | |||
| strength3 = 20,000 - 35,000 voluntaries | |||
| casualties1 = | |||
400 servicemen killed | |||
438 National Guard members killed | |||
20 Legionarios killed | |||
| casualties2 = | |||
780 Guerrilleros killed. <br> | |||
3000 guerrilelros detained | |||
| casualties3 = | |||
66 autodefensas killed | |||
| notes = | | notes = | ||
| campaignbox = | | campaignbox = | ||
}} | }} | ||
The ''' 1988 Siege of Senora''', also known as the '''''Senoran | The ''' 1988 Siege of Senora''', also known as the '''''Senoran insurgency''''' (Spanish: ''Asedio de Senora''), which engulfed the Anahuaca state of [[Senora]], was a uprising that saw a Federal Military intervention against those loyal to the [[Movimiento por el Gran Rugido Libre]]. This short-lived revolution marked a significant period in the history of left-wing politics in Anáhuac and doubted the international community whether Anáhuac's stability post-1970 would be perpetual or even stable. | ||
The uprising began in the city of Izamal, after members of the | The uprising began in the city of [[Izamal]], after members of the Movana fired upon and beaten government troops. Some citizens took up arms, raiding local police stations and armouries, and were able to take control of large sections of the city before calling for expansion to other Senoran cities. The response by the federal government was swift against the rioters and the militias. Taking experience from past uprisings, the governemnt sweep most FGR offensives of Aztlán, Izamal and Peñuelos. After 24 days of unrest and leftist setbacks that included the formation of the ''[[Autodefensas]]'', armed civilian groups, the government alongside the ''Legión N°777'' of the [[National Guard (Gran Rugido)|National Guard]] pushed flanks of the leftists and re-entered the city of [[Izalco]], capital of the Separatists. With most of the MGRL leadership captured in the process, the uprising was quelled and these leaders and associates were executed for treason. | ||
At the time, the Rugidoense governemnt reported an estimate 5000 deaths amongst Federal forces, National Guard Members and armed civilians. Civilian casualties are often estimated between 450-800 deaths. | At the time, the Rugidoense governemnt reported an estimate 5000 deaths amongst Federal forces, National Guard Members and armed civilians. Civilian casualties are often estimated between 450-800 deaths. | ||
== Prelude == | |||
After the [[Gran Rugidoense Civil War]] destroyed most of the country, people loyal to the [[Pensamiento de Zavala]], (a mixture of Singularism and Socialism) defected the country and avoided capture in the immediate days following the Santa Elisa ceasefire. Rejecting most of the Loyalist government causes and position, the predecessor of the [[Movimiento por el Gran Rugido Libre]] was formed. Stigmatization of the left continued as the Rugidoense government continued to suppress instances of political mobilization and social organization as part of what is known as ''Operación Equilibrio''. During the [[Reconstrucción]], several NRP sympathetic organizations as well as small armed groups began to form in Senora through the 1970s. At the same time, many socialist individuals known as ''guerrilleros'' formed small armed militant groups in response to persecution, one of which became the MGRL. | |||
After Sergio Kurosawa's rise to power following the dubious [[1986 Anahuaca federal election]], the IFE dropped recognition of serveral leftist parties, including the Communist Party of Gran Rugido. Most members of these parties became memebers of the MGRL after they were promised a return to ballots after their takeover. The catalyst for the MGRL's decision to revolt was the arrest of communist leader [[Lázaro Jaramillo]]. In the year before the rebellion, the MGRL designated [[Eugenio Mercader|''Subcomandante'' Eugenio]] (Spanish for "Subcommander") as the ideological leader of the uprising and also made plans to declare war on the state of Anáhuac. Daniel was unique in his leadership because unlike most of the uprising participants, his determination was real and unbreakable. The MGRL declared war on the Rugidoense state on June 15, 1988 to protest Jaramillo's arrest and trial. | |||
== Uprising == | |||
=== June 16–19 === | |||
=== June 20–25 === | |||
=== June 26 === | |||
=== June 27-July 3 === | |||
=== July 4-9 === | |||
=== July 10 === | |||
== Aftermath == | |||
== Support == | |||
== See also == | |||
[[Category: Anteria]] | [[Category: Anteria]] | ||
[[Category: Anáhuac]] | |||
Latest revision as of 06:05, 1 March 2023
 | This article is incomplete because it is pending further input from participants, or it is a work-in-progress by one author. Please comment on this article's talk page to share your input, comments and questions. Note: To contribute to this article, you may need to seek help from the author(s) of this page. |
| Siege of Senora | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Movimiento del Anáhuac Libre uprisings | ||||||||
 Television images of Izalco in the moments the National Guard entered the city. | ||||||||
| ||||||||
| Combatants | ||||||||
 Movimiento por el Gran Rugido Libre |
| |||||||
| Commanders and leaders | ||||||||
|
 Advisor Julia Martínez |
César Cuadra |
Nicolás Beltrán-Torres | ||||||
| Strength | ||||||||
|
Gran Rugidoense Federal Armed Forces
Legión N° 777
|
+10,000 members 10 - 12 Piston airplanes 1 captured APC | 20,000 - 35,000 voluntaries | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | ||||||||
|
400 servicemen killed 438 National Guard members killed 20 Legionarios killed |
780 Guerrilleros killed. | 66 autodefensas killed | ||||||
The 1988 Siege of Senora, also known as the Senoran insurgency (Spanish: Asedio de Senora), which engulfed the Anahuaca state of Senora, was a uprising that saw a Federal Military intervention against those loyal to the Movimiento por el Gran Rugido Libre. This short-lived revolution marked a significant period in the history of left-wing politics in Anáhuac and doubted the international community whether Anáhuac's stability post-1970 would be perpetual or even stable.
The uprising began in the city of Izamal, after members of the Movana fired upon and beaten government troops. Some citizens took up arms, raiding local police stations and armouries, and were able to take control of large sections of the city before calling for expansion to other Senoran cities. The response by the federal government was swift against the rioters and the militias. Taking experience from past uprisings, the governemnt sweep most FGR offensives of Aztlán, Izamal and Peñuelos. After 24 days of unrest and leftist setbacks that included the formation of the Autodefensas, armed civilian groups, the government alongside the Legión N°777 of the National Guard pushed flanks of the leftists and re-entered the city of Izalco, capital of the Separatists. With most of the MGRL leadership captured in the process, the uprising was quelled and these leaders and associates were executed for treason.
At the time, the Rugidoense governemnt reported an estimate 5000 deaths amongst Federal forces, National Guard Members and armed civilians. Civilian casualties are often estimated between 450-800 deaths.
Prelude
After the Gran Rugidoense Civil War destroyed most of the country, people loyal to the Pensamiento de Zavala, (a mixture of Singularism and Socialism) defected the country and avoided capture in the immediate days following the Santa Elisa ceasefire. Rejecting most of the Loyalist government causes and position, the predecessor of the Movimiento por el Gran Rugido Libre was formed. Stigmatization of the left continued as the Rugidoense government continued to suppress instances of political mobilization and social organization as part of what is known as Operación Equilibrio. During the Reconstrucción, several NRP sympathetic organizations as well as small armed groups began to form in Senora through the 1970s. At the same time, many socialist individuals known as guerrilleros formed small armed militant groups in response to persecution, one of which became the MGRL.
After Sergio Kurosawa's rise to power following the dubious 1986 Anahuaca federal election, the IFE dropped recognition of serveral leftist parties, including the Communist Party of Gran Rugido. Most members of these parties became memebers of the MGRL after they were promised a return to ballots after their takeover. The catalyst for the MGRL's decision to revolt was the arrest of communist leader Lázaro Jaramillo. In the year before the rebellion, the MGRL designated Subcomandante Eugenio (Spanish for "Subcommander") as the ideological leader of the uprising and also made plans to declare war on the state of Anáhuac. Daniel was unique in his leadership because unlike most of the uprising participants, his determination was real and unbreakable. The MGRL declared war on the Rugidoense state on June 15, 1988 to protest Jaramillo's arrest and trial.