Federal Senate of Brazil (Pax Brasiliana): Difference between revisions

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| preceded_by        =  
| preceded_by        =  
| succeeded_by      =  
| succeeded_by      =  
| new_session        = 1 February 2023
| new_session        = 1 October 2021
| leader1_type      = President of the Federal Senate
| leader1_type      = President of the Federal Senate
| leader1            = Lauro Wolff
| leader1            = Lauro Wolff
| party1            = FRETECNA/ROSOB-RS
| party1            = LIGA-RG
| election1          = since 8 August 2022
| election1          = 8 August 2022
| leader2_type      = Second President
| leader2_type      = Second President
| leader2            = Mauro Carlos de Barros
| leader2            = Mauro Carlos de Barros
| party2            = PSP-SP
| party2            = PSP-SV
| election2          = since 8 August 2022
| election2          = 8 August 2022
| leader3_type      = Third President
| leader3_type      = Third President
| leader3            = Priscila Maciel
| leader3            = Priscila Maciel
| party3            = PSD-PA
| party3            = PTN-RM
| election3          = since 8 August 2022
| election3          = 8 August 2022
| leader4_type      =  
| leader4_type      =  
| leader4            =  
| leader4            =  
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| party7            =  
| party7            =  
| election7          =  
| election7          =  
| seats              = 84
| seats              = 87
| house1            =  
| house1            =  
| house2            =  
| house2            =  
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| structure2_res    =  
| structure2_res    =  
| structure2_alt    =  
| structure2_alt    =  
| political_groups1  =  '''[[Gottschalk Cabinet|Government (41)]]'''  
| political_groups1  =  '''[[Gottschalk Cabinet|Government (54)]]'''  
* {{Color box|#4f593e|border=darkgray}} [[Technocratic and Nationalist Front for Reorganization of the Brazilian Social Order|FRETECNA/ROSOB]] 18
* {{Color box|#4f593e|border=darkgray}} [[National Reorganization League]] 45
* {{Color box|#37cdde|border=darkgray}} [[Social Democratic Party (Federal Republic of Brazil)|PSD]] 8
* {{Color box|#37cdde|border=darkgray}} [[National Labour Party|PTN]] 3
* {{Color box|#57e317|border=darkgray}} [[Liberal Party (Federal Republic of Brazil)|PL]] 4
* {{Color box|#065433|border=darkgray}} [[National Legitimist Legion (Federal Republic of Brazil)|LEGIÃO]] 3
* {{Color box|#c97538|border=darkgray}} [[Brazilian Labour Party (Federal Republic of Brazil)|PTB]] 3
* {{Color box|#a2a8a0|border=darkgray}} [[Social Progressive Party (Federal Republic of Brazil)|PSP]] 3
* {{Color box|#a16b00|border=darkgray}} [[National Labour Party|PNT]] 3
* {{Color box|#215232|border=darkgray}} [[Nationalist Party (Federal Republic of Brazil)|PN]] 2
* {{Color box|#a2a8a0|border=darkgray}} [[Social Progressive Party (Federal Republic of Brazil)|PSP]] 1
* {{Color box|#600b87|border=darkgray}} [[Independent Democratic Alliance (Federal Republic of Brazil)|ADI]] 1
* {{Color box|#43f05a|border=darkgray}} [[National Ecological Party (Federal Republic of Brazil)|PEN]] 1


'''[[wikipedia:Confidence and supply|Confidence & Supply (15)]]'''
'''[[wikipedia:Confidence and supply|Confidence & Supply (15)]]'''
* {{Color box|#a12000|border=darkgray}} [[Brazilian Communist Party (Federal Republic of Brazil)|PCB]] 6
* {{Color box|#57e317|border=darkgray}} [[Liberal Party (Federal Republic of Brazil)|PL]] 6
* {{Color box|#065433|border=darkgray}} [[National Legitimist Legion (Federal Republic of Brazil)|LEGIÃO]] 5
* {{Color box|#6b12c4|border=darkgray}} [[National Democratic Union|UDN]] 5
* {{Color box|#117a2d|border=darkgray}} [[Green Party of Brazil (Federal Republic of Brazil)|PVdoB]] 2
* {{Color box|#a16b00|border=darkgray}} [[National Labour Party|PNT]] 2
* {{Color box|#02a4f5|border=darkgray}} [[Constitutionalist Party of São Paulo|PC-SP]] 1
* {{Color box|#4d7891|border=darkgray}} [[Republican Party (Federal Republic of Brazil)|PR]] 2
* {{Color box|#0a0a09|border=darkgray}} [[Pirate Party of Brazil|PP]] 1


'''[[wikipedia:Opposition (politics)|Opposition (28)]]'''
'''[[wikipedia:Opposition (politics)|Opposition (18)]]'''
* {{Color box|#6b12c4|border=darkgray}} [[National Democratic Union|UDN]] 6
* {{Color box|#4e7bd4|border=darkgray}} [[Brazilian Integralist Action|AIB]] 6
* {{Color box|#917310|border=darkgray}} [[Brazilian Socialist Party|PSB]] 4
* {{Color box|#afd117|border=darkgray}} [[Christian Democratic Party (Federal Republic of Brazil)|PDC]] 4
* {{Color box|#4e7bd4|border=darkgray}} [[Brazilian Integralist Action|AIB]] 4
* {{Color box|#a12000|border=darkgray}} [[Brazilian Communist Party (Federal Republic of Brazil)|PCB]] 4
* {{Color box|#000000|border=darkgray}} [[National Renewal Party|PRENA]] 3
* {{Color box|#917310|border=darkgray}} [[Brazilian Socialist Party|PSB]] 1
* {{Color box|#afd117|border=darkgray}} [[Christian Democratic Party|PDC]] 2
* {{Color box|#02a4f5|border=darkgray}} [[Constitutionalist Party of São Vicente|PC-SV]] 1
* {{Color box|#94ff36|border=darkgray}} [[Liberal Christian Party|PCL]] 2
* {{Color box|#4f593e|border=darkgray}} [[Party of the Newfatherlandist Action|PAN]] 1
* {{Color box|#1a1716|border=darkgray}} [[National Liberator Alliance|ALN]] 1
* {{Color box|#2f4f18|border=darkgray}} [[Brazilian Democratic Party|PDB]] 1
* {{Color box|#ad070c|border=darkgray}} [[Liberator Party|PALIB]] 1
* {{Color box|#990012|border=darkgray}} [[Workers' Central Union|UCT]] 1
* {{Color box|#4d7891|border=darkgray}} [[Republican Party|PR]] 1
* {{Color box|#270f5c|border=darkgray}} [[National Patriotic Movement|MPN]] 1
* {{Color box|#7765cf|border=darkgray}} [[Popular Conservative Union|UCP]] 1
* {{Color box|#28198a|border=darkgray}} [[Ruralist Democratic Party|PDR]] 1
* {{Color box|#70782b|border=darkgray}} [[Brazilian Entrepeneur Party|PEB]] 1
| political_groups2  =  
| political_groups2  =  
| committees1        =  
| committees1        =  
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| seats8_title      =  
| seats8_title      =  
| seats8            =  
| seats8            =  
| voting_system1    = [[wikipedia:Open list|Open list]] [[wikipedia:proportional representation|proportional representation]] ([[wikipedia:D'Hondt method|D'Hondt method]]) with a 5% [[wikipedia:Election thereshold|election thereshold]]
| voting_system1    = [[wikipedia:Plurality block voting|Plurality at-large voting]]
| voting_system2    =  
| voting_system2    =  
| first_election1    =  
| first_election1    =  
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}}
}}


The '''Federal Senate''' ([[wikipedia:Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: ''Senado Federal'') is the upper house of the [[Federal Parliament of Brazil]]. It was created during the Empire of Brazil by Emperor Dom Pedro I. Initially based on the British House of Lords, it switched to a system similiar to that of the United States Senate with the proclamation of the republic in 1889. Since the 1964 Coup d'état attempt against president João Goulart, Brazil has been a parliamentary democracy. The Federal Senate has 84 seats. Each of the 28 federative units (27 states and the Federal District) are represented by three senators. There is no term limit, although the Federal Senate is renewed every four years at the Brazilian General elections.
The '''Federal Senate''' ([[wikipedia:Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: ''Senado Federal'') is the upper house of the [[Federal Parliament of Brazil]]. It was created during the Empire of Brazil by Emperor Dom Pedro I. Initially based on the British House of Lords, it switched to a system similiar to that of the United States Senate with the constitution of 1895. Since the 1997 Brazilian Revolution, Brazil has been a parliamentary democracy. The Federal Senate has 87 seats. Each of the 29 federative units (28 states and the Federal District) is represented by three senators. There is no term limit, although the Federal Senate is renewed every four years at the Brazilian General elections.


The current president of the Federal Senate is Lauro Wolff, a member of the [[Nationalist and Technocratic Front for the Reorganization of the Brazilian Social Order]]. He represents the state of Rio Grande do Sul and was appointed to the presidency of the Senate by President [[Alessandro Malvezzi]] on 8 August 2022 amidst the [[2022 Brazilian Political Crisis (Federal Republic of Brazil)|2022 Brazilian Political Crisis]]
The current president of the Federal Senate is Lauro Wolff, a member of the [[National Reorganization League]]. He represents the state of Rio Grande and was appointed to the presidency of the Senate by Minister-President [[Verônica Giraud]] on 8 August 2022 amidst the [[2022 Brazilian Political Crisis (Federal Republic of Brazil)|2022 Brazilian Political Crisis]]


==Membership==
==Membership==
The Federal Senate has 84 members, serving a four-year term of office. There are three senators from each of the country's 27 states, plus the Federal District. The most recent election was in 4 December 2022. The 2022 General Elections, initially planned for June 2022, was postponed thrice due to the 2022 Crisis in Brazil.
The Federal Senate has 87 members, serving a four-year term of office. There are three senators from each of the country's 28 states, plus the Federal District. The most recent election was on 1 October 2021.


==Electoral System==
==Electoral System==
The elections for the Federal Senate are held under an Open list proportional representation system, using the D'Hondt method. The electoral thereshold is 5%. The three most voted in each federative unit is elected.
The 87 senators of the Federal Senate are elected through a plurality at-large voting system, in which the three most voted candidates of a single constituency are elected.


==History==
==History==
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Upon its creation, the Senate served as a consulting body for the monarch. Membership was for life and was a place of great prestige, to which only a tiny fraction of the population could aspire. The number of Senators was proportional to the provinces' population. The Senators were elected, but they had to be at least 40 years old and have an annual income of 800,000 contos-de-réis, which meant only extremely wealthy citizens could become senators. Voters also faced income qualifications. The unelected Princes of the Brazilian Imperial House were senators by birth and would assume their seats in the Senate upon reaching the age of 25.
Upon its creation, the Senate served as a consulting body for the monarch. Membership was for life and was a place of great prestige, to which only a tiny fraction of the population could aspire. The number of Senators was proportional to the provinces' population. The Senators were elected, but they had to be at least 40 years old and have an annual income of 800,000 contos-de-réis, which meant only extremely wealthy citizens could become senators. Voters also faced income qualifications. The unelected Princes of the Brazilian Imperial House were senators by birth and would assume their seats in the Senate upon reaching the age of 25.


With the Republican Coup d'état in 1889, the monarchy was abolished and in 1891 a Republican constitution was adopted, thus turning the Brazilian provinces into states. Universal suffrage also was adopted, although it was limited to the literate, which meant that most of Brazilians were disqualified from the right to vote. With the Brazilian Civil War of 1938-39, women, low-ranking military officers, the clergy, and the illiterate were given the right to vote.
Following the [[Brazilian Civil War (Pax Brasiliana)|Brazilian Civil War (1889-1894)]], Universal suffrage was adopted, although it was limited to the literate, which meant that most Brazilians were disqualified from the right to vote. During the 1930s Electoral Reforms, women, low-ranking military officers, the clergy, and the illiterate were given the right to vote.


The modern Federal Senate resembles the United States Senate in that each federative unit (or state) has the same number of senators.
The modern Federal Senate resembles the United States Senate in that each federative unit (or state) has the same number of senators.
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|-
|-
! Agriculture and Fishing
! Agriculture and Fishing
| Walmir Martins (FRETECNA/ROSOB-MJ)
| Walmir Martins (LIGA-TU)
|-
|-
! Constitutionionality and Justice
! Constitutionionality and Justice
| Rodrigo Mota (PCB-BA)
| Rodrigo Mota (UDN-IL)
|-
|-
! Culture and Sports
! Culture and Sports
| Mário Barroso (PSD-AC)
| Mário Barroso (PTN-PA)
|-
|-
! Economic Affairs
! Economic Affairs
| Fernando Fortunato (LEGIÃO-RJ)
| Fernando Fortunato (LEGIÃO-GU)
|-
|-
! Education
! Education
| Marlise Garcia (FRETECNA/ROSOB-RS)
| Marlise Garcia (LIGA-RG)
|-
|-
! Environment
! Environment
| Roberto Batista da Silva (PVdoB-RN)
| Roberto Batista da Silva (PAN-DF)
|-
|-
! Ethics and Parliamentary Decorum
! Ethics and Parliamentary Decorum
| Fabrício Ritter (AIB-MT)
| Fabrício Ritter (LIGA-SL)
|-
|-
! Federalism
! Federalism
| Larissa de Araújo (PSD-CE)
| Larissa de Araújo (PTN-AR)
|-
|-
! Foreign Affairs
! Foreign Affairs
| Roberto Damas (FRETECNA/ROSOB-GO)
| Roberto Damas (LIGA-CL)
|-
|-
! Infrastructure
! Infrastructure
| Paulo Santos (FRETECNA/ROSOB-AM)
| Paulo Santos (LIGA-IT)
|-
|-
! National Defence
! National Defence
| Valdemir Souto (UDN-AL)
| Valdemir Souto (UDN-LA)
|-
|-
! Public Security
! Public Security
| Rebeca Wisniewski (FRETECNA/ROSOB-PR)
| Rebeca Wisniewski (LIGA-PR)
|-
|-
! Science, Technology, Innovation, Communication and Computing
! Science, Technology, Innovation, Communication and Computing
| Ricardo Brasil Urbano (PSB-PE)
| Ricardo Brasil Urbano (PNT-IG)
|-
|-
! Social Affairs
! Social Affairs
| Waldir Magno (FRETECNA/ROSOB-DF)
| Waldir Magno (LIGA-DF)
|-
|-
|}
|}

Latest revision as of 19:50, 25 September 2023

Federal Senate

Senado Federal (Portuguese)
Type
Type
Term limits
None
History
Founded6 May 1826
New session started
1 October 2021
Leadership
President of the Federal Senate
Lauro Wolff, LIGA-RG
since 8 August 2022
Second President
Mauro Carlos de Barros, PSP-SV
since 8 August 2022
Third President
Priscila Maciel, PTN-RM
since 8 August 2022
Structure
Seats87
2022BrazilSenate.png
Political groups
Government (54)
  •   National Reorganization League 45
  •   PTN 3
  •   LEGIÃO 3
  •   PSP 3

Confidence & Supply (15)

Opposition (18)

Length of term
4 years
SalaryR$ 52,532 (and benefits)
Elections
Plurality at-large voting
Last election
4 December 2022
Next election
28 June 2026

The Federal Senate (Portuguese: Senado Federal) is the upper house of the Federal Parliament of Brazil. It was created during the Empire of Brazil by Emperor Dom Pedro I. Initially based on the British House of Lords, it switched to a system similiar to that of the United States Senate with the constitution of 1895. Since the 1997 Brazilian Revolution, Brazil has been a parliamentary democracy. The Federal Senate has 87 seats. Each of the 29 federative units (28 states and the Federal District) is represented by three senators. There is no term limit, although the Federal Senate is renewed every four years at the Brazilian General elections.

The current president of the Federal Senate is Lauro Wolff, a member of the National Reorganization League. He represents the state of Rio Grande and was appointed to the presidency of the Senate by Minister-President Verônica Giraud on 8 August 2022 amidst the 2022 Brazilian Political Crisis

Membership

The Federal Senate has 87 members, serving a four-year term of office. There are three senators from each of the country's 28 states, plus the Federal District. The most recent election was on 1 October 2021.

Electoral System

The 87 senators of the Federal Senate are elected through a plurality at-large voting system, in which the three most voted candidates of a single constituency are elected.

History

The Federal Senate of Brazil was first established as the Senate of the Empire by the Brazilian Constitution of 1824 and was inspired by the British House of Lords.

Upon its creation, the Senate served as a consulting body for the monarch. Membership was for life and was a place of great prestige, to which only a tiny fraction of the population could aspire. The number of Senators was proportional to the provinces' population. The Senators were elected, but they had to be at least 40 years old and have an annual income of 800,000 contos-de-réis, which meant only extremely wealthy citizens could become senators. Voters also faced income qualifications. The unelected Princes of the Brazilian Imperial House were senators by birth and would assume their seats in the Senate upon reaching the age of 25.

Following the Brazilian Civil War (1889-1894), Universal suffrage was adopted, although it was limited to the literate, which meant that most Brazilians were disqualified from the right to vote. During the 1930s Electoral Reforms, women, low-ranking military officers, the clergy, and the illiterate were given the right to vote.

The modern Federal Senate resembles the United States Senate in that each federative unit (or state) has the same number of senators.

Standing committees

Committee Chair
Agriculture and Fishing Walmir Martins (LIGA-TU)
Constitutionionality and Justice Rodrigo Mota (UDN-IL)
Culture and Sports Mário Barroso (PTN-PA)
Economic Affairs Fernando Fortunato (LEGIÃO-GU)
Education Marlise Garcia (LIGA-RG)
Environment Roberto Batista da Silva (PAN-DF)
Ethics and Parliamentary Decorum Fabrício Ritter (LIGA-SL)
Federalism Larissa de Araújo (PTN-AR)
Foreign Affairs Roberto Damas (LIGA-CL)
Infrastructure Paulo Santos (LIGA-IT)
National Defence Valdemir Souto (UDN-LA)
Public Security Rebeca Wisniewski (LIGA-PR)
Science, Technology, Innovation, Communication and Computing Ricardo Brasil Urbano (PNT-IG)
Social Affairs Waldir Magno (LIGA-DF)
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