2022 Brazilian Political Crisis (Federal Republic of Brazil)

Jump to navigation Jump to search
2022 Brazilian Political Crisis
2022 Brazilian Vincenzi Letter Aftermath Crisis
Exército dá apoio a ocupação no Complexo do Alemão.jpg
1st Division of the Brazilian Army in the Morro do Polaco, 16 February 2022
Date15 January 2022 - 10 November 2022
Location
Caused by
  • Leaking of the Vincenzi Letter
  • Growing criminality
  • Growing wealth inequality
  • Accusations of corruption among government officials
  • Military intervention in the Bolivarian War
  • Economic stagnation
  • Increase in food prices
GoalsGovernment (since 14 February)
  • Dismantlement of the United Command
  • Permanent Military Occupation of Favelas
  • Toppling of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
  • Extend the death penalty for the crimes of corruption and conspiration
  • Enaction of the Apolitical Education Bill
  • Arrest of the Santos Cabinet for Treason
  • Enaction of the Party Registration Act
  • End of public funding for political parties
  • Support for the National Inmate Labour Act
  • Federal intervention on Brazilian states' governments
  • Maintenance of the Five-Year Plan
  • Support for the Native Integration Act

Anti-Government

  • Immediate extraordinary elections
  • Resignation of the Santos Cabinet
  • Abolition of the death penalty
  • Restrictive gun possession laws
  • Affirmative action in universities and public offices
  • Enaction of the Frozen Rent Bill
  • Raise of the minimum wage
  • Sue for peace with Bolivarian Venezuela
  • Support for the Anti-Fake News Bill
  • Maintenance of the Democratic Institutions
  • Subsidizes for farmers and poor families
  • End of the Bureaucratic Reform
  • Revision of the Five-Year Plan
  • Support for the Human Rights Act
  • Abolition of conscription
Resulted inGovernment Triumph; see below
Parties to the civil conflict

Brazilian United Front

  • PCB logo.svg Brazilian Communist Party
  • PSBOld.png Brazilian Socialist Party
  • ALNlogo.svg National Liberator Alliance
  • Logotipo COB.jpg Brazilian Workers' Confederation
  • CDPlogo.png Proletarian Defense Front
  • PVdoB.png Green Party of Brazil
  • WorkersCentralUnionlogo.png Workers' Central Union

Brazilian Independent Opposition

  • Umb.png Brazilian Maximalist Union
  • Piratpartiet.svg Pirate Party of Brazil
  • Gorro frigio1.svg Liberator Party

Coalition for a Just Brazil

  • PSD(1945) simbolo.png Social Democratic Party
  • Partidoliberal.png Liberal Party
  • Braziliandemocraticparty.png Brazilian Democratic Party
  • PSP(1956) simbolo.png Social Progressive Party
  • Simbolo udn.png National Democratic Union (Chicago faction)
  • Fpn.png National Popular Front (Anti-Gottschalk faction)

Front Against Fascism

  • National Students Union
  • United Workers' Union
  • United Popular Movements
  • Brazil to the People Front
  • Zumbi dos Palmares Congress
  • United Central of LGBTQI+ Movements
  • Brazilian Anti-Fascists
  • Peripheral Revolutionary Front
  • Favela Group

Brazilian Rightist Union

  • Brazilian Libertarian Front
  • Students for Liberty
  • Free Country Movement

Paramilitary Organizations

  • Jobless Workers' Movement
  • Landless Peasants Movement

Amerindian Tribes Quilombola Communities

District Police of Rio de Janeiro

Government Coalition

  • Reorganizationleague.png National Reorganization League
  • NationaLabouristParty.png National Labour Party
  • PartidoRepublicanoBrazil.png Republican Party
  • BrazilianTechnocracy.png Brazilian Technocratic Party
  • Fpn.png National Popular Front (Pro-Gottschalk faction)
  • PTB(1945) simbolo.png Brazilian Labour Party

Brazilian Anti-Communist Federation

  • Logo of Ação Integralista Brasileira original version.svg Brazilian Integralist Action
  • PDC logotipo.png Christian Democratic Party
  • Simbolo udn.png National Democratic Union (Rhenish Faction)

Paramilitary Organizations

  • Integralist Greenshirts
  • Brazilian National Youth

Nationalist Committee for National Integrity

  • Front Against Illegal Immigration
  • Anti-Communist Action
  • Brazilian Central Work Union
  • Garibaldi Republican Front
  • Maria Quitéria Organization

Federal Police Brazilian Armed Forces

Right-wing Death Squads

Drug Cartels

  • United Command
  • Central Paulista Command
  • First National Command
  • Friends of the Jaguar
  • Alkaida
  • Renewed National Command
Lead figures

Brazilian United Front

  • PCB logo.svg Patricia Santana
  • PSBOld.png Moisés Eleutério
  • ALNlogo.svg Cláudio Toscano

Coalition for a Just Brazil

  • PSD(1945) simbolo.png Larissa de Araújo
  • Partidoliberal.png Maurílio Grossi
  • Simbolo udn.png Valdemir Souto
  • Fpn.png Luiz Mendonça

Front Against Fascism

  • Isaura Brasil
  • Célio Barros
  • Bernardo Valeriano
  • Silvio Nonato
  • Lúcio Farias

Brazilian Rightist Union

  • Oscar Tavares
  • Otávio Watanabe
  • Douglas Rodrigues Miguel

Government

  • Reorganizationleague.png Giovanna Gottschalk
  • NationaLabouristParty.png Walter Schwarz
  • Fpn.png Milton Rocha Almeida

Brazilian Anti-Communist Federation

  • Logo of Ação Integralista Brasileira original version.svg Henrique Honório
  • PDC logotipo.png Gilberto Carmona
  • Simbolo udn.png Vicente Basso

Integralist Greenshirts

  • Roberto Amorim

Brazilian National Youth

  • Igor Lima Pereira

Nationalist Committee for National Integrity

  • Jonas Kruger
  • Thiago Andrade
  • Anselmo Silveira
  • Isabel Evangelista

Brazilian Armed Forces

  • Mar. José Luís Ferreira
  • Gen. Sebastião Magalhães
  • Gen. Antônio Leite
  • Air Mar. Amilton Firmino
  • Admiral Artur Sartori

United Comand

  • John Lennon "Johnny" Souza
  • Everton de Menezes
  • Gilson "Nenê" Paiva

Central Paulista Command

  • Wellington Barreto
  • Mateus "Mateuzinho" Silva Martins

First National Command

  • João Pedro "Pedroca" Vidal
  • Adriano Duarte Xavier

Friends of the Jaguar

  • Luiz Sandro Freitas

Alkaida

  • Edmilson de Moura Barbosa

Renewed National Command

  • Augusto "Tuta" Pinto Reis
Casualties

12000 militants dead,
more than 40,000 arrested


250 policemen dead,
400 policemen injured,

300 policemen arrested

5000 militants dead,
more than 15,000 arrested


6400 soldiers dead,

10200 injured

30,000 suspects dead,

16,000 arrested

The 2022 Brazilian Political Crisis was a political crisis that took place in the Federal Republic of Brazil following the leaking of the Vincenzi Letter. It started on 16 January of 2022, the day the TV Tupi newscast announced the existence of a conspiracy among government officials to establish a new government form in Brazil. Although the Political Crisis was motivated by the leaking of the Vincenzi Letter, many political analysts say that the Letter was just the final drop necessary for action to be taken against the government of Prime Minister Ingrid Santos - a government that was worn off by economic stagnation and its inability to contain violence.

Background

In 2018 the Brazilian President, Juarez Antônio dos Passos, dissolved the parliament following a gridlock over the issue of the Bolivarian War. The parliament couldn't agree on a definitive resolution over intervention in Venezuela, the Brazilian neighbor that was in a civil war between Bolivarianists and Democrats. Following the 2018 Extraordinary Elections, Ingrid Winckler dos Santos, a young but popular Deputy from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, was elected Prime Minister by the parliament. Ingrid's cabinet was formed mostly by Warhawks, especially the Minister of Defense, Paulino Querino Meneses. On January 2019, Ingrid authorized Brazilian military intervention in Venezuela, sending material and tactical support for the Democrats. However, the Brazilian intervention in Venezuela was described as disastrous by observers. The guerrilla warfare waged by the Bolivarianists proved to be a tough challenge, and opposition to the intervention began to grow following the Brazilian bombing of Caracas, which Amnesty International considered to be a war crime.

By 2020 inflation reached 9.5%, affecting mostly basic products such as foodstuff and fuel. Criminality also increased, with the murder rate growing 16% - since 2013, the murder rate in Brazil was decreasing. Other problems included the "Mensalão do SUS", a corruption scandal involving the Ministry of Healthcare and the upper echelons of the state secretaries of healthcare of 14 Brazilian states. According to the Public Ministry, more than $10 billion were diverted from the public healthcare funding to the accounts of politicians and their relatives.

On 16 January 2022, at the Tupi TV's prime time newscast - the Brazilian Diary - the Vincenzi Letter was leaked. The document detailed a conspiration against the parliamentary democracy of Brazil. The Vincenzi Letter detailed a Brazilian-Italian plot to restore the Brazilian monarchy under an authoritarian regime. According to the plot, a false-flag attack on the Brazilian Congress was to take place in the first week of March, at the time the campaign for the 2022 Parliamentary Elections would begin. The so-called "victim" of the attack was to be Ingrid herself, but the bomb was to be "misplaced", thus killing the main opposition leader, Senator Valdemir Souto (UDN-AL). The house of the prime minister, the Ipiranga Palace, also would be targeted to divert attention from the killing of Valdemir Souto. The organized terrorist attacks would serve as a justification to install an emergence government and cancel the 2022 parliamentary elections. It was not explicitly detailed how the monarchy would be restored.

Gottschalk's Government

After a month of impasse and uncertainty, the Santos cabinet resigned on 13 February 2022. On the following day, Brazilian president Alessandro Malvezzi appointed Giovanna Gottschalk as prime minister. A member of the National Reorganization League, Gottschalk was an inexperienced politician. Malvezzi's decision caught the Brazilian Old Order off-guard, but Gottschalk's ability to form a powerful coalition was proof of the capabilities of the newcomer.

Giovanna managed to form a coalition with the Brazilian Labour Party, the National Labour Party, and dissidents of the National Popular Front - both parties that were former allies of Ingrid Santos. The Republican Party and the Brazilian Technocratic Party also joined the coalition. On 19 February, the Brazilian Integralist Party, the Christian Democratic Party, and dissidents of the National Democratic Union formed the Brazilian Anti-Communist Federation, a coalition that gave support to Gottschalk's cabinet. This was in part due to the Brazilian Communist Party forming the Brazilian United Front, a coalition of left-wing parties that opposed Giovanna Gottschalk's policies.

On 21 February, the Social Democratic Party formed the Coalition for a Just Brazil, a coalition of right-wing and centrist parties that claimed to "support democracy in face of left-wing and far-right extremism". The Coalition for a Just Brazil was created as a reaction against the Reorganization Manifesto (Manifesto Reorganizador), authored by Giovanna Gottschalk. The Manifesto detailed the plans of the National Reorganization League. Among the League's plans, were:

  • Extension of capital punishment for the crimes of corruption and conspiration;
  • Intensification of the War on Drugs;
  • Abolishment of public funding for political parties;
  • Abolish state parties and enact the Party Registration Act, which would establish rules for the creation of political parties;
  • Enact the Apolitical Education Bill, which seeks to fight indoctrination in public schools and universities;
  • Enact the Native Integration Act, thus reducing the area of Native Reservations by a significant margin and enforcing the national curriculum on Amerindian tribes;
  • and the establishment of forced labour camps and penal colonies for serious offenders.