Lipnitia

This article is about the country. For other uses, see Lipnitia (disambiguation).

Republic of Lipnitia Народовладство Липнитска Narodovladstvo Lipnitska (Lipnitian)
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: "Дєржавно славопєваниє Народовладства Липнитскай" "Dieržavno slavopievanije Narodovladstva Lipnitskaj" "State anthem of the Republic of Lipnitia"
Location of  Lipnitia  (green)
Capital and largest city	Krasnograd
Official languages	Lipnitian
Recognized minority language	Litvin
Ethnic groups (2013)	97.6% Lipnitians
Religion	Orthodox Trinitarianism
Demonym(s)	Lipnitian
Government	Unitary dominant-party semi-presidential republic
• President	Vladimir Kozlovski
• Prime Minister	Nikolaj Vukoviecki
Legislature	National Assembly
Formation
• Lipan Principality	975
• Principality of Lipnitia	1268
• Lipnitian Empire	10 May 1342
• Grand Duchy of Lipnitia	21 December 1684
• Protectorate of Krasnograd	1 September 1866
• First Lipnitian Republic	17 November 1924
• Lipnitian SCR	8 August 1945
• Sajuz formed	1 May 1948
• Breakup of the Sajuz	31 December 1991
• Current constitution	1 January 2000
Area
• Total	428,084 km2 (165,284 sq mi)
• Water (%)	0.75
Population
• 2013 census	45,748,112
• Density	106.9/km2 (276.9/sq mi)
Gini (2011)	34.8 medium
HDI (2015)	0.785 high
Currency	Lipnitian mzda (M)
Time zone	0+1
Date format	dd.mm.yyyy
Driving side	right
Calling code	+9
Internet TLD	.lp .лип

Lipnitia (Lipnitian: Липнитска, Lipnitska), officially the Republic of Lipnitia (Lipnitian: Народовладство Липнитска, Narodovladstvo Lipnitska), is a country located in the Kryvian subcontinent of Eulabia. It is bordered by TBA. Lipnitia is a unitary state subdivided into 13 administrative subdivisions, having an area of 428,084 square kilometres and a largely continental climate. Having a population of approximately 45.7 million people, Lipnitia is one of the most populous countries in eastern Tauride. Its capital and largest metropolis is Krasnograd. The country's other major cities include Krylov, Rogovsk, Groznica, Bielograd, Niemskov, Ljvovo, Kopanovo, and Ždanov.

The presence of Lipans, a Slavic ethnic group who originated in eastern Tauride, in the area of present-day Lipnitia can be traced back to the early 8th century. They organized the state into principalities, which were united as one state of which Lipomir became the first prince by 975. It retained its sovereignty for two centuries, and was later re-organized into a vassal state of TBA as the Principality of Lipnitia in 1268 after an incursion. The Principality was later abolished following a Lipnitian uprising and the advent of the Kožuxovič dynasty who expanded Lipnitia into a vast empire by pursuing a conquest of bordering kingdoms and previous Lipnitian vassals.

In 1684, the War of the Lipnitian Succession was sparked by the abdication of Emperor Vyšeslav III, which imperial forces lost after the Battle of Diedinov. The ruling Kožuxovič dynasty were overthrown and a number of nearby kingdoms were incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lipnitia, which granted Lipnitia an expansion of its eastern borders until 1865, when TBA launched an invasion of Lipnitia and TBA occupied the south-west of Lipnitia as a retaliation to TBA and set up the Protectorate of Krasnograd as a dependent territory.

Following the October Uprising, Lipnitia re-emerged from TBA rule as the First Lipnitian Republic in 1924 under the leadership of Bogdan Dragin. Lipnitia fought on the side of TBA in the Second Great War until partisan activity paved the way for the Silent Revolution and plunged the country into a civil war. The communist faction emerged victorious following the end of the Second Great War and established the Lipnitian Socialist Council Republic. In 1948, a federation of socialist states was formed, known as the Sajuz. Following the 1987 coup, Grigorij Novak became President and introduced reforms which liberalized the economy. This eventually this led to an economic crisis and increased tensions with neighboring countries, sparking the TBA war. As a result, the Sajuz was formally dissolved and a disarmament treaty was put forward.

Vladimir Kozlovski has been the country's President since 1999. Kozlovski largely reversed the reforms of Novak, opposing economic shock therapy and liberalization and espousing a nationalist and protectionist policy. Kozlovski has been accused of human rights violations and favoring an authoritarian style of government. However, Kozlovski's apologists point to social policies like the state providing free education and a universal health care system for citizens. Under Kozlovski's presidency, Lipnitia has become a member state of several supranational organizations.

Etymology

Main article: Name of Lipnitia

The source of the name Lipnitia and the ethnonyms includes endonyms (the way Lipnitian people refer to themselves and Lipnitia) and exonyms (the way other peoples refer to the Lipnitians and Lipnitia).

Endonyms and most exonyms for Lipnitians and Lipnitia derive from the name of the early Slavic Lipan tribe, the name of which is itself derived from the Proto-Slavic root *lipa, meaning 'linden-tree', most likely referencing the fortresses (grads) built by the Lipans from linden-wood.

The oldest known written document written in the Lipnitian language, written in the Glagolitic script, is also the first known occurrence of the country's name being mentioned, wherein it is referred to as "Lipska zemlia", meaning "Lipan Land".

History

Main article: History of Lipnitia

Prehistory and antiquity

Main article: Prehistory of Lipnitia

Neolithic axe hammer heads from Diedinov

Modern humans have inhabited Lipnitia since the Neolithic age, as proven by archaeological evidence recovered from sites across the country.

In Antiquity, numerous nomadic cultures resided in the areas comprising modern Lipnitia, but none did so permanently, as the area was still barren and infertile.

The earliest known Neolithic cultures to rise in the area did so in the 7th millennium BCE, represented by the Ustie culture, the Diedinov culture and the Sinav culture. There have also been archaeological finds in these areas such as pottery and jewellery, and it is thought that these cultures were of the Linear Pottery culture. These peoples also most likely lived a hunter-gatherer lifestyle, collecting most food by foraging.

Agriculture arose in the lands encompassing modern-day Lipnitia in the 2nd millennium BCE, with the arrival of the Caels, who were also the first peoples inhabiting Lipnitia to practice metallurgy. The Caels conquered a vast portion of Eastern Tauride, spanning from the Green Sea coast to the Redar Sea.

The 1st millennium BCE saw the rise of the TBA civilization in Western Tauride and its conquest of lands lying to its east, including the coast of modern-day Lipnitia. The Caels were subsequently displaced by the TBA to the north and west, and the TBA Empire was established. In the 1st century BCE, the TBA founded the town of Viridimarium, corresponding to Lipnitia's modern capital, Krasnograd. A province was later founded comprising the town and coast surrounding it.

TBA influence resulted in the conversion of the TBA to Trinitarianism. The TBA domination of the region throughout the 2nd–4th centuries and religious policy saw much of the local population adhere to the faith.

In the 5th century, Slavic tribes migrated to Lipnitia in large numbers and dominated the area, gradually assimilating the local population. Following the collapse of the TBA Empire in the 7th century, a portion of western Lipnitia remained within the Redar Empire, while the east was conquered by the Okhass.

Lipans

Main article: Lipans

Reconstructed fortified "grad" settlement in the Gradište open-air museum

Genetic studies have shown centuries-old Slavic presence in the area of today's Lipnitia, and the oldest haplogroup derived from the area, the R1a1a-M198 Y-DNA mutation, is estimated to be 10,000 years old. These peoples originated in Western !Asia and arrived in modern-day Lipnitia after nearby native peoples co-ordinated an expulsion of Slavs into the west.

Lipnitian people, known historically as the Lipans, emerged as a distinct nation following the collapse of the TBA Empire in the 7th century. They established multiple principalities between the coast of the Green Sea and the Redar Mountains, including the Miedža principality, the Miedviedj principality, the Tixa principality, the Starovsko principality, and various principalities in the mountains.

The Lipan pantheon included various Slavic pagan gods such as Svarog, Pierun and Sviatovit and built sacrificial idols to these gods, with most being located in the mountains which were considered sacred by the Slavic pagan religions. These pagan religions served as a basis to the development of Lipnitian Native Faith in the late Middle Ages, to which a sizeable proportion of Lipnitians still adhere to today.

Altogether, the Lipans built over 15,000 fortified settlements made of lime-wood known as grads, with most being located on the Už and Viepar rivers, and with some, however, lying in the mountains. The grads were treated as separate nation states rather than cities, with many having their own standing armies. Today, the Lipnitian word for towns and cities is "grad", and many cities which originated from grads feature the suffix "-grad" in their name.

Lipomirid dynasty

Main articles: Lipomirids, Lipan Principality, and Principality of Lipnitia

Lipnitian Empire

Main articles: Lipnitian Empire and Kožuxovič dynasty

Grand Duchy of Lipnitia

Main articles: War of the Lipnitian Succession, Grand Duchy of Lipnitia, and Bogdanov dynasty

First Great War

Main article: First Great War in Lipnitia

Independence and interwar era

Main article: First Lipnitian Republic

Bogdan Dragin led Lipnitia from 1924 to 1941

Following the 1924 Red Revolution and regime change in TBA, the fate of the former Nemskov Governorate as part of the Grand Duchy of TBA remained uncertain. Factions formed within the TBA revolutionary movement, with the majority calling for installing a revolutionary Socialist regime in Lipnitia as an extension of TBA's influence. However, a faction within the Social Democratic Party boycotted the provisional Parliament, leading to the collapse of TBA's legislature. This began a period of political unrest known as the Great Discord.

During this period, various groups began fighting in the streets of TBA and TBA-occupied Lipnitia, with many becoming involved in guerrilla warfare. Some of these groups included advocates of Lipnitian independence, the TBA Red Army, TBA anti-communists, and foreign mercenaries. Tensions culminated in the Niemskov massacre, during which the TBA Red Army fired upon peaceful Lipnitian pro-independence demonstrators marching in the town square.

This was met with upheaval from Lipnitian nationalists across the former Nemskov Governorate, resulting in intense guerrilla warfare against the TBA Red Army known as the October Uprising. The succeeding armed conflict between the Red Army, Lipnitian nationalists, and TBA monarchists was largely dominated by the Red Army until late 1924, when Lipnitian nationalists and loyalists formed an alliance against the Communist TBA regime. This successfully pushed Red TBA forces outside of the territory of the former Nemskov Governorate.

Lipnitia achieved independence on November 17, with all TBA-occupied territory now reclaimed. The Protectorate of Krasnograd would follow by ceding power to the newly established Lipnitian state the same day, reuniting the country. The main figures leading the uprising formed a collaborative government institution intended to govern Lipnitia known as the Lipnitian Provisional Government, involving members of both the Lipnitian nationalist and TBA loyalist factions. However, the government disintegrated due to growing divides between the two groups. Consequentially, the chief leader of the uprising, Bogdan Dragin, seized power as the Supreme Leader of Lipnitia on December 1, and would continue to rule Lipnitia until his death in 1941. Dragin's regime transformed the failed provisional state into a multi-party de jure democratic state headed by a supreme leader; this was originally aimed to be transition period before the appointment of a president. This marked the formation of the First Lipnitian Republic.

TBA, despite its loss in Lipnitia in the previous year, was now firmly established as a Socialist state, having a greatly increased and mobilized military. Under Dragin's leadership, Lipnitia would build one of Tauride's largest militaries, relying heavily on cavalry charges in battle. TBA troops began to station at the Lipnitian border in the spring of 1925, and were met with a surprise charge from the Lipnitians across the Viepar river.

Kazimir Sokolovič established the military dictatorship in 1941

This instigated the Lipnitian-TBA War, in which Lipnitia was initially at a disadvantage numerically. Nevertheless, over the course of the war, Lipnitia would successfully defend its borders and reaffirm its independence. With foreign strategic support and under the guidance of newly appointed Minister of War Ivan Karčmar, Lipnitian forces continued to push beyond the Viepar and inflicted a crushing defeat on the TBAs, occupying a vast portion of the country. The western portion of TBA was annexed to Lipnitia, becoming known as the Pograniče ("Borderland"), in reference to the historical region of the same name which it made up, once held by the Lipnitian Empire.

Until 1927, emergency powers were in force, with Bogdan Dragin serving as both Supreme Leader and Prime Minister as part of the Conservative Party. However, the first democratic elections were held in October, in which the National Salvationist Party was elected to govern the country. Party leader and former War Minister Ivan Karčmar took the office of Prime Minister. Following the staging of an attempted Salvationist coup to depose Supreme Leader Bogdan Dragin, the party was dissolved in 1935 by Dragin's decree, and Branislav Novogradski was appointed as the new Prime Minister, with the Conservative Party of Lipnitia forcefully seizing power and emergency powers reinstituted.

Following the death of Bogdan Dragin in 1941, his designated successor Kazimir Sokolovič took power as President. However, the democratic model of government was soon entirely discarded due to the advent of tensions prior to the Second Great War, with Lipnitia becoming a military dictatorship. Additionally, government crackdowns were enforced against Socialist movements which sprung up amid the political turmoil in the buildup to the war. The leaders of these organizations would later devise the Red movement of the Lipnitian Civil War.

Second Great War

Main article: Second Great War in Lipnitia

Civil war and the Sajuz

Main articles: Lipnitian Civil War and Sajuz

Contemporary period

Main articles: Lipnitia-Lubilia and Republic of Lipnitia (1991–2000)

Geography

Main article: Geography of Lipnitia

File:LipnitiaMap.png

Map of Lipnitia

Lipnitia is located in eastern Tauride, and shares land borders with TBA. In the west is the Green Sea coast, which spans the Bay of Groznica. The coast is characterized by its low altitude.

The northern regions of Lipnitia are characterized by an abundance of forested areas and harsh winters, with average winter temperatures of as low as −15 °C. Many regions of Lipnitia are mountainous, with the Redar Mountains in the east, including the Kosmate Mountains in the extreme south east corner of Lipnitia.

Lipnitia generally has a continental climate. The land is mostly made of hard granite and other igneous rock, but clay and sedimentary rocks are also widespread throughout Lipnitia, particularly throughout the lowlands.

Lipnitia also contains numerous lakes, particularly in its lowland regions, the largest being Lake Močar. There are also several thousand islets in Lipnitia, however only one island, Goly ostrov, located in the Green Sea.

The west and extreme south east regions of Lipnitia are predominantly agricultural, the north being particularly more forested. 39% of Lipnitia's total land area is covered by forests. The highest population density in Lipnitia is in the Krasnograd Oblast, as well as the Krylov and Rogovsk Oblasts.

Geology

File:Kosmate gory.png

The Kosmate Mountains are part of the Redar mountain range in southeastern Lipnitia

Lipnitia's general geological structure has been shaped by weathering, which also shaped major Tauridean mountain ranges such as the Redar Mountains. The melting of glaciers has also shaped the geology of the northernmost areas of Lipnitia.

A large part of the Lipnitian landscape contains soils made up mostly of sand or loam, but some upland areas consist of loess or older rocks such as limestone, and others contain granite or basalt, mostly in the Redar Mountains, such as the Kosmate and Pogor mountains.

There are 90 mountains over 2,000 metres (6,600 feet) above sea level in elevation located in Lipnitia, one of the most numerous counts of mountains of this height in Tauride, as Lipnitia houses parts of two major mountain ranges.

The highest point of Lipnitia, Stara Baba, lies in the Kosmate Mountains in the Redar mountain range, at 2,689 metres (8,822 ft) above sea level in elevation. The lowest point in Lipnitia, at 1.8 metres (5.9 ft) below sea level, is Černy Dol, which is also the coldest place in Lipnitia on average.

The highest mountain range in Lipnitia overall are the Kosmate Mountains, the second highest being the Pogory Mountains, with the highest peak being Bavinska Gora, standing at 2,490 metres (8,169 ft) above sea level in elevation. The third highest mountain range are the Poroniny Mountains, with the highest peak being Krasna Gora at 2,011 metres (6,598 ft) above sea level in elevation. Other notable uplands include the Tarnovica Mountains, the Siestry Hills, and the Buk Mountains.

Waters

Main articles: Rivers of Lipnitia and Lakes of Lipnitia

Biodiversity

Main articles: Fauna of Lipnitia and Flora of Lipnitia

The brown bear is the national animal of Lipnitia

In terms of phytogeography, Lipnitia lies in the continental region. The territory of Lipnitia also belongs to many distinct ecoregions, including the Tauridean mixed forests and continental forests, and a vast area of conifer forest spanning regions lying in the Redar mountain range.

The Tauridean lynx is the largest wild cat species native to Tauride

Many animals in Lipnitia are species unique to the region, such as wisent and aurochs, which can be found almost exclusively in the woodlands of eastern Lipnitia, and the Tauridean lynx, which can be found in various forests across Lipnitia and is the largest species of wild cats native to Tauride.

Lipnitian forest species also include the brown bear, the grey wolf, the moose, and game animals such as roe deer and red deer, pheasant, and wild boar.

Overall, there are 102 mammal species and 352 bird species in Lipnitia. As of 1999, there are 232 species that are now protected. Lipnitia houses 8 World Heritage Sites, 12 national parks and 29 nature reserves.

About 1000 species of fungi have also been recorded in Lipnitia, of which 30% are lichen-forming species. 4% of these fungi are extinct, 6% are endangered, 15% are vulnerable to endangerment, and 8% are rare species. A red list has also been established for these fungi.

Climate

Main article: Climate of Lipnitia

Climate data for Lipnitia
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	8.6 (47.5)	8.3 (46.9)	19.7 (67.5)	28.9 (84.0)	33.2 (91.8)	34.9 (94.8)	38.2 (100.8)	37.3 (99.1)	32.3 (90.1)	24.0 (75.2)	16.2 (61.2)	9.6 (49.3)	38.2 (100.8)
Average high °C (°F)	−4 (25)	−3.7 (25.3)	2.6 (36.7)	11.3 (52.3)	18.6 (65.5)	22.0 (71.6)	24.3 (75.7)	21.9 (71.4)	15.7 (60.3)	8.7 (47.7)	0.9 (33.6)	−3 (27)	9.6 (49.3)
Daily mean °C (°F)	−6.5 (20.3)	−6.7 (19.9)	−1 (30)	6.7 (44.1)	13.2 (55.8)	17.0 (62.6)	19.2 (66.6)	17.0 (62.6)	11.3 (52.3)	5.6 (42.1)	−1.2 (29.8)	−5.2 (22.6)	5.8 (42.4)
Average low °C (°F)	−9.1 (15.6)	−9.8 (14.4)	−4.4 (24.1)	2.2 (36.0)	7.7 (45.9)	12.1 (53.8)	14.4 (57.9)	12.5 (54.5)	7.4 (45.3)	2.7 (36.9)	−3.3 (26.1)	−7.6 (18.3)	2.1 (35.8)
Record low °C (°F)	−42.1 (−43.8)	−38.2 (−36.8)	−32.4 (−26.3)	−21 (−6)	−7.5 (18.5)	−2.3 (27.9)	1.3 (34.3)	−1.2 (29.8)	−8.5 (16.7)	−16.1 (3.0)	−32.8 (−27.0)	−38.8 (−37.8)	−42.1 (−43.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	52 (2.0)	41 (1.6)	35 (1.4)	37 (1.5)	49 (1.9)	80 (3.1)	85 (3.3)	82 (3.2)	68 (2.7)	71 (2.8)	55 (2.2)	52 (2.0)	707 (27.7)
Average rainy days	0.8	0.7	3	9	13	14	15	15	15	12	6	2	105.5
Average snowy days	18	15	9	1	0.1	0	0	0	0.1	2	10	17	72.2
Average relative humidity (%)	83	80	74	67	64	70	74	77	81	81	84	85	77
Mean monthly sunshine hours	33	72	128	170	265	279	271	238	147	78	32	18	1,731
Percent possible sunshine	14	27	35	40	53	53	52	51	38	24	13	8	34
Source: Lipnitian Department of Meteorology

Government and politics

Main articles: Government of Lipnitia and Politics of Lipnitia

Vladimir Kozlovski, the current President of Lipnitia since 1999

Law

Main article: Law of Lipnitia

Foreign relations

Main article: Foreign relations of Lipnitia

Headquarters of the Ministry of External Affairs in Krasnograd

The foreign policy of Lipnitia is overseen by the country's government, the body charged with these activities being the Ministry of External Affairs under the supervision of the Minister of External Affairs, the current officeholder being Alieksij Miedžanov.

Lipnitia maintains bilateral relations with in all countries in Tauride and countless states in other parts of the world.

Administrative divisions

Main article: Administrative divisions of Lipnitia

Lipnitia is divided into 13 provinces, called oblasts, each sharing the name of the city serving as its administrative centre: Bielograd, Černiki, Kniaževo, Kopanovo, Krasnograd, Krylov, Ljvovo, Niemskov, Rogovsk, Sokolovo, Targovica, Xrienov, and Ždanov. Legislative authority over the oblasts is held by a locally elected provincial assembly called an oblast council, while executive authority over each oblast is held by its governor, or voivode (Lipnitian: войвода, vojvoda), appointed by the head of state. Each oblast is subdivided into counties (Lipnitian: повєты, poviety; singular – повєт, poviet), each governed by an executive head known as a župan (Lipnitian: жупан). Counties are further subdivided into municipalities (Lipnitian: общины, obštiny; singular – община, obština), with those having their own council being headed by local administrator known as a starosta (Lipnitian: староста).

The administrative titles for these positions originate in early Slavic culture, modified in a 2000 administrative reform from each subdivision having a chairman. The national capital of Krasnograd is split into districts (Lipnitian: округи, okrugi; singular – округ, okrug) rather than municipalities, but does not enjoy special status outside of the oblast where it is seated. At an extra-administrative level, part of Lipnitia is governed as a quasi-autonomous territorial unit – the Litvin Autonomous National-Territorial Unit – which spans a vast portion of the Černiki Oblast and parts of the Ždanov Oblast. This special administrative region of Lipnitia was formerly governed by a council chairman, but this position was retired and executive powers are effectively delegated to the country's head of state.

Military

Main articles: Military of Lipnitia and Lipnitian Armed Forces

Troops marching during the 2014 Independence Day Parade in Krasnograd

The Lipnitian Armed Forces are the military of Lipnitia and are commanded by Vladimir Kozlovski as the Commander-in-chief. The Armed Forces are split between three service branches; the Lipnitian Land Forces (Липнитскиє Сухопутне Силы, Lipnitskije Suxoputne Sily), the Lipnitian Navy (Липнитскиє Морскиє Силы, Lipnitskije Morskije Sily; Lipnitian Naval Forces), and the Lipnitian Air Force (Липнитскиє Ваздушне Силы, Lipnitskije Vazdušne Sily; Lipnitian Aerial Forces). Overall, the Lipnitian Armed Forces has a total of roughly 800,000 enlisted personnel, of whom roughly 600,000 are active troops, and 200,000 are reserve. In addition, paramilitary groups also informally comprise an additional armed wing to governmental organizations.

Furthermore, the military maintains the Lipnitian Border Troops (Липнитска Пограничне Войска, Lipnitska Pogranične Vojska), with its main aim being deterring armed incursions into Lipnitian territory, preventing the illegal crossing of the border and the transporting of weapons and explosives, and monitoring navigational procedures within Lipnitia's territorial waters.

Most of Lipnitia's service members are conscripts, with conscription currently being enforced for all male citizens aged over 18 for a period of 12-24 months depending on placement. Conscientious objectors are not recognized by the government and face jailtime; citizens may only be exempted from compulsory military service on medical grounds. Females are exempted from conscription but may serve in the military voluntarily.

Field Marshal Ivan Mraz is head of the Ministry of Defence and Vladimir Kozlovski serves as commander-in-chief ex officio as head of state. The General Staff of Lipnitia is headed by General Bogdan Bogdanov. As defined by the 2003 Constitution of Lipnitia, the military remains subordinate to all civilian government organs, with the military not maintaining a role in the politics of Lipnitia since the Communist era.

As of 2020, Lipnitia currently spends roughly 4% of its gross domestic product on military expenditure.

Law enforcement

Main article: Law enforcement in Lipnitia

File:Lipnitian Police UAZ.png

A vehicle of the National Police in Krasnograd

Economy

Main article: Economy of Lipnitia

Industry

Main article: Industry of Lipnitia

Tourism

Main article: Tourism in Lipnitia

Energy

Main article: Energy in Lipnitia

File:Mogiliev AES.png

The Černiki Nuclear Power Plant is one of the largest plants in Tauride

Energy in Lipnitia is dominated by nuclear power, comprising over a third of the country's total power needs. Nuclear power and the construction of nuclear power plants is overseen by the state-owned company Lipjadro. In 2015, 41 percent of electricity was produced by nuclear power; 33 percent by combustion and steam coal power plants; 20 percent from natural gases; and 6 percent from renewable sources such as hydropower. The largest power resource in Lipnitia is the Černiki Nuclear Power Plant, which is also one of the largest plants in Tauride.

Lipnitia is in the process of gradually reducing its dependence on the highly polluting brown coal as an energy source and focusing on the more popular and growing market for nuclear energy, with two new nuclear power plants having entered operation since 2010: the Kopanovo and Žabnik Nuclear Power Plants, respectively.

Northern Lipnitia has some gas and oil deposits, which are also used domestically. Gas consumption, approximately 90 TWh between 2010 and 2012, is almost triple electricity consumption.

Transport

Main articles: Transport in Lipnitia, List of airports in Lipnitia, and Highways in Lipnitia

An interchange in Krasnograd

Transport in Lipnitia is provided by means of road, marine, rail and air travel. Lipnitia's road network is among the densest in Tauride, however less dense in its northernmost areas. The highway network is also among the largest in Tauride, notable for one of the first ring roads, the A10 which encompasses Krasnograd, built in 1965.

The largest Lipnitian airports are Krasnograd-Zamietno Airport and Krylov Bogdan Dragin Airport, both hubs of LIPOL, Lipnitia's flag carrier. Other major airports include Rogovsk, Ždanov and Xrienov.

The port of Groznica is one of the largest container ports in Tauride.

Lipnitia also houses a large part of the Trans-Tauridean Railway network. Railway transport accounts for a fair portion of Lipnitia's freight transport, alongside marine transport.

Much of Lipnitia's cities have developed urban transport systems such as buses, trolleybuses, trams, and metro systems. There are two metro systems in Lipnitia, the Krasnograd Railway and the Krylov Railway, respectively. The former is one of the most developed systems in Tauride, opened in 1987, while the latter opened in 1999.

Communications

Main article: Telecommunications in Lipnitia

Lipnitia has a well developed communication infrastructure. The country has 35.7 and 34 million SIM cards. The largest mobile network, Novozvon, covers approximately 90% of the country's territory. Lipnitia's fixed phone network is currently being modernized, despite a rapid decrease in its usage since the early 2000s.

The Lipnitian postal service is operated by the state-owned public company Lipnitska Počta (Lipnitian Post), and was first launched in 1647 to establish new postal routes from Lipnitia to neighboring countries; this makes it one of the oldest postal systems in Tauride.

After the establishment of a new Lipnitian state in 1924, the postal service saw a fledgling new development as package deliveries and various other services were first introduced.

Science and technology

Main article: Lipnitian science and technology

Liudomir Kotski developed the periodic table of the elements in 1913

Historically, Lipnitia has had prominent achievements in the fields of science and technology. International awards have been awarded to 19 Lipnitian laureates, including Liudomir Kotski, who developed the modern periodic table of the elements in 1913.

Another notable Lipnitian working in the field of research and development was Bogna Malinova, an outstanding mathematician who went on to form the Rogovsk School of Mathematics along with other leading Lipnitian mathematicians such as Radoslav Xruštevski, which granted Lipnitia a fledgling new movement emerging in mathematical progress.

Despite Lipnitia having a developed education system, many scientists studied and worked abroad until the fall of communism in 1991.

Lipnitia spends a fairly large amount of its direct budget on research and development, about $20.9 billion in 2014, which accounts for 4.9% of its gross domestic product. It has remained an integral part of the Lipnitian economy.

Foreign research companies are attracted to Lipnitia as a possible investment because of its easy availability of a highly qualified labor force, large number of universities, and vast market. Nearly 30 research and development centres and 3000 researchers have made Lipnitia one of the largest research and development hubs in Tauride.

Many international companies have invested in Lipnitia and many have set up research and development centres in the country.

Space exploration

Main articles: Sajuznik space program and Lipnitian space program

File:Anatolij Mirojevič.png

Anatolij Mirojevič became the first man to travel into outer space in 1963

Lipnitia has a notable space program owing to its predecessor, the Sajuznik space program. The Sajuz possessed one of the oldest and most advanced space programs in the world, first incepted in 1956 to compete with other Tauriden superpowers in the Space Race. Under the directorship of the Ministry of Machine Building Industry and later the Ministry of Aerospace Industry, the state-owned space program of the Sajuz would prove effective in pioneering outer space exploration and travel.

In 1959, the Sajuz would launch Putnik-1 (Lipnitian: Путник, 'voyager'), its first unmanned artificial satellite, into space, becoming the second national space program to do so after the success of the TBA launch in 1957. After the widespread development of nuclear weapons by Tauridean powers in the early 1960s, Lipnitia would also launch several other satellites into space including Putnik-2 and 5, intended for reconnaissance; chiefly to detect bursts of gamma rays from atomic bomb explosions. These would remain in orbit until the disarmament and limitation treaties settled in the late 1970s.

In 1962, the launch of Putnik-3 saw the first animals in Earth's orbit; two dogs named Kudriavka (Lipnitian: Кудрявка, 'shaggy') and Zviezdačka (Lipnitian: Звєздачка, 'star'). This was followed the next year by the launch of Putnik-4, on which the first successful human trip into space was made by Sajuznik Lipnitian cosmonaut Anatolij Mirojevič. The Ladija-1 (Lipnitian: Ладия, '[star]ship') mission in 1965 saw the first spacewalk conducted by cosmonaut Kazimir Vostrikov.

File:Salyut7.jpg

ZS-1, the first Sajuznik space station which operated in orbit between 1972 and 1986

After landing the first unmanned craft on the moon Miesiačnik-1 in 1967, the Sajuznik space program entered into a collaboration with TBA with the goal of a joint moon mission being conducted by the end of the decade. The TBA space mission, completed in 1970, was a success, and brought the first men and women to the moon in an effort to warm relations between the two nations.

The first Sajuznik space station, ZS-1 (Lipnitian: Звєздна станица, Zviezdna stanica, 'star station'), was launched in 1972, and would remain in orbit until 1986. Several other manned research stations would be placed into orbit in the 1970s and 1980s, including joint international crews. Following the dissolution of the Sajuz, cosmonauts from Lipnitia would participate in the launch of the International Space Station in 1998.

In 2000, the Ministry of Aerospace Industry was dissolved and a state-owned space agency established; the Lipnitian Aerospace Development Agency (Lipnitian: Липнитско прєдставитєльство за ваздушно-вшесвєтски развой, Lipnitsko priedstavitieljstvo za vazdušno-všesvietski razvoj; LiPVaR). As of 2024, Lipnitia maintains a crew on the International Space Station at all times and has launched several unmanned crafts into space since 2000.

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of Lipnitia

Traditional folk costumes of Lipnitia

According to a 2013 census, Lipnitia has a population of 45,748,112 people. Ethnic Lipnitians account for 97.6% of the total population. The main minorities are the Litvins. Other minorities constitute another 0.3% of the population.

The average population density of Lipnitia is about 98 people per square kilometer; 60% of the population is concentrated in urban areas. Krasnograd, the capital of the country and the largest city, has an urban population 3,121,976 as of 2013.

Since the fall of communism in 1991, Lipnitia has experienced a demographic increase; in 2015, the population of Lipnitia increased by 0.41% and the fertility rate was 4.09. In 2013, 69.7% of the population of Lipnitia was aged between 14 and 64; 16% were under 14, and 14.6% were over 65. The average life expectancy was 78 for males, 84 for females and 81 overall.

Urbanization

Main article: List of cities in Lipnitia

Religion

Main article: Religion in Lipnitia

Religion in Lipnitia (2013 census)

  Orthodoxy (86.7%)

  Slavic Native Faith (7.1%)

  Trinitarianism (1.2%)

  Imanism (1.0%)

  Other (4.0%)

Throughout antiquity, Lipnitia was dominated by native faiths. Lipnitia adopted Orthodox Trinitarianism after the unification of its principalities in 975 by Prince Lipomir.

Health

Main article: Healthcare in Lipnitia

Healthcare in Lipnitia is similar in quality to other developed countries; Lipnitia has a free universal health care system for all citizens, however citizens are still required to buy health insurance privately from insurance companies. In 2014, life expectancy at birth was 77.8 years for men and 78.1 years for women – higher than the overall Tauride average.

The main cause of death in 2011 was heart disease, at 39%, followed by cancers, at 31%; in 2005 about 58,000 Lipnitians had been infected with viral immunodeficiency syndrome and 19,000 had died from the disease. According to a 2010 survey, 35% of Lipnitian adults are smokers – smoking has been cited as a major health issue and the government has taken measures against it by launching several campaigns against smoking.

In 2015, the Lipnitian government spent 12.3% of its gross domestic product on healthcare.

Education

Main article: Education in Lipnitia

The National Library of Lipnitia

Lipnitia has one of the largest percentages of graduates in Tauride, at about 39.3% of the population. Education in Lipnitia is regulated by the Ministry of National Education. Compulsory education starts in elementary schools, however children can optionally enrol into preschools beforehand.

Children enrol in elementary schools at the age of six. Compulsory education consists of seven grades of elementary school which have been enforced since 1991. Later, students attend either gymnasiums or vocational schools for another five years, which end with a doraslostj (maturity examination), and can be followed by higher education, leading to budovništvo (first cycle qualification; engineer), gospodstvo (second cycle qualification; master) and eventually učeništvo (third cycle qualification; doctor).

There are 20 universities in Lipnitia – 17 public universities and 3 private universities. According to a 2012 census, 914,207 students attended university during the school year. Notable universities in Lipnitia include the University of Rogovsk, the oldest university in Lipnitia, founded in 1480; the Kožuxovič University in Krasnograd, the largest in Lipnitia; the Bogdan Dragin University in Krylov, the second-largest; and the University of Bielograd.

University of Rogovsk	Krasnograd Kožuxovič University	Krylov Bogdan Dragin University	University of Bielograd

Culture

Main article: Culture of Lipnitia

Lipnitia's culture has its origins in the culture of the Proto-Slavs and early native faiths. In addition, Lipnitian culture saw influence from TBA and Caucasian cultures. Following the Trinitarianization of Lipnitia, its culture was further influenced by customs inherited from Trinitarianism. Over the years, Lipnitia's culture and traditions have been shaped by numerous factors, including geographic location and politics; for example, following the Second Great War and the instalment of the socialist government and establishment of the Sajuz, a strong effect on art and writing was observed and national cultural identity thrived. Lipnitian culture has been reflected in its architecture, art, music, and literature, which in turn influenced the cultures of neighboring countries. Furthermore, the nation has made significant contributions in spheres such as space exploration, science and technology, visual art, cinema, and philosophy.

Society

Main article: Lipnitian society

Visual art

Main article: Lipnitian art

Theatre and cinema

Main articles: Theatre of Lipnitia and Cinema of Lipnitia

Architecture

Main article: Lipnitian architecture

In Late Antiquity, Lipnitia was conquered by the TBA Empire, and the TBA-influenced TBA classicist architectural style prevailed, with many buildings being of monumental size and standing on pillars. Only one of these buildings is known to remain to this day: the Parstov Rotunda. This period was characterized by coastal fortifications along the Green Sea coast and Slavic temples made of stone or wood.

Church of the Dormition in Staro Vietrno

In the 6th century, with the distinction of the Lipans from other Proto-Slavs after the collapse of the TBA Empire, wooden structures began to prevail, made with the widely available lime-wood which Lipnitia owes its name to. Structures made with wood included fortifications, places of worship, and towers. These wooden structures began to grow substantially in size until they reached the status of city states, known as grads, and were fortified to prevent foreign incursion. Over 15,000 grads were built, condensed around rivers and mountainous areas. The largest grad is thought to have been located in Gradište.

Most large-scale architectural undertakings in Lipnitia in the medieval period were places of worship and monasteries, the latter of which took up to 10 years to complete. In the 12th and 13th centuries, wooden churches began to make place for structures built with white stone, symbolic of Trinitarianism. Krasnograd is considered the centre of architectural development in this era, with one of the most important structures built in this period being the Church of the Intercession of the Holy Virgin on the River Už, completed in 1185.

The Church of the Baptism of Lipnitia in Krasnograd

From the 14th to 16th century, white stone was the most widely available building material, becoming a characteristic element of the period's architecture along with the mouldable terracotta. However, at the same time, brick was becoming increasingly desirable and available. This architectural period had its most significant undertakings in Krasnograd and Krylov, which included many monasteries and churches, such as the Cathedral of St. Stanislav.

In the 17th century, a new style of architecture had developed in Krasnograd, known as "Lipnitian baroque" (Lipnitian: липнитска чуднота, lipnitska čudnota). This style combined decorativity with the precision and symmetry of the building. The characteristics of this style were decorative techniques with colors (decorative carvings on white stone, ceramic tiles in color, façade decoration).

At the end of the 18th century, from 1790, classicism gradually replaced Lipnitian baroque. This style was influenced by new architectural developments abroad, imitating the style of the TBA Empire, marking the end of a long period of cultural isolation. Significant centres of classicism included Krasnograd and Rogovsk. In the 19th century, this style began to borrow less from ancient architecture, and became more progressive. This period was characterized by domes, which were omnipresent in religious buildings, such as the Church of the Baptism of Lipnitia in Krasnograd. This style was known as post-classicism, and lasted well into the 20th century.

Under the Communist government of the Sajuz, many governmental and more monumental buildings in Lipnitia were constructed with a mixture of the styles of brutalism and neoclassicism. Notable structures employing these styles are Krasnograd's Tower of Unity, the Lipnitian Scientific Heritage Centre, and the main building of the National Assembly of Lipnitia. In the 1970s, the Lipnitian government funded a large-scale project to create affordable and space-efficient housing, embracing the architectural style of brutalism for the cheap price and mass availability of concrete. These cheap housing estates came to be known as "cubes" (Lipnitian: костки, kostki) due to the use of moulded concrete or bare bricks for their construction.

Music

Main article: Music of Lipnitia

The national musical instrument of Lipnitia is the guslia, which was used by bards reciting sung epic poetry with topics such as ancestor worship and historical royal epics. Today, the guslia has become one of the national symbols of Lipnitia. Other important instruments used in Lipnitian traditional music include flutes, bagpipes, blowing horns, and various types of drums, cymbals and percussion instruments. Musicians performed at large parties which were often accompanied by Lipnitian folk dances such as the goniac.

Literature

Main article: Lipnitian literature

An early Glagolitic codex

Literature first arose in Lipnitia under the influence of late Pagan and early |Trinitarian religious beliefs, and was initially written in the Glagolitic script until the end of the 13th century, when Cyrillic became predominant. Early Lipnitian literature was often authored anonymously and its most popular genres included hagiographic works, epistolary novels, prayer books and historiographical works. Poetry was also common, often appearing in the form of liturgies and religious chants, and later as a form of entertainment for Lipnitian knights and gentry.

17th century Lipnitian literature was greatly influenced by the improvement of general education and schooling and introduction of education on literature and poetry in Lipnitian schools, which led to a great increase in the number of Lipnitian poets, including Vladimir Tragovič, Želislav Sitski and Svietoslav Zastavovič. Humanist literature also began to arise in the late 17th century, with such writers including Mstivoj Kolodiejski and Dobrogost Jaroševski.

The Lipnitian Enlightenment first began in the second half of the 18th century and often dealt with political matters; such works were authored by such writers as Liudomir Kovalievski, Dobroslav Plitvič, and Vitoš Vinovič. Satiric literature was very popular and its authors included Radomir Mračkovski, Branislav Kolačevič and Božidar Bobrovski. A significant trend in 17th century Lipnitian literature were also works referring to early and Pagan literature and ancient myths.

After Lipnitia regained its independence in 1924 and censorship no longer limited works from being published, there arose a brief but steady period of the publications of many new works including novels by authors such as Alieksandar Skarževski and Grigorij Živinovič, and poetry by writers such as Jevgienij Kovač and Andriej Stienovič.

With the rise of the Communist regime, the mass censorship of many works resumed and less creative literature was being produced. However, writers such as Živinovič and Kovač were still popular during this period.

Contemporary literature was established in Lipnitia in its current form in the 1990s following the fall of the Communist regime, and has many differing genres and deals with various topics. Renowned novelists and writers of the contemporary era include Alieksandar Korienievski, Grigorij Požarovič, Bogna Myševska, and Branislav Starovski.

Cuisine

Main article: Lipnitian cuisine

A plate of baršt served with a side of česnuški (garlic rolls), škvarki (pork rinds) and smietana (sour cream)

Lipnitian cuisine has been shaped by the history of Lipnitia and is somewhat similar to the cuisine of other countries in the Redars, however it is more heterogeneous due to a wider range of products being eaten which originate from the New World. Lipnitian cuisine is based primarily on meat such as pork, beef and poultry. Less commonly, wild meat such as deer or wild boar is eaten. Other staples include fish, vegetables, dairy products and bread. Bread is an ubiquitous element in Lipnitian cuisine, being used in almost all meals as a side, with either butter or lard spread on top; another form of bread, made by baking meat in a crust, is known as xliebak. A traditional Lipnitian custom is to greet guests with salt and bread.

Lipnitian cuisine includes species of vegetables brought to Tauride from the New World colonies, such as peppers and potatoes. This led to innovations such as ground peppers, which are used as a spice in most Lipnitian meals and can be found in either mild form or hot form, made with bell or chili peppers. Bell peppers are also used to garnish food by stuffing the pepper with products such as meat or mushrooms.

Lipnitian national dishes include dušenka (meat stew or soup with hot peppers and ground peppers) golubki (meat wrapped in cabbage), pirožki (dumplings with a savory or sweet filling), ryblia juxa (fisherman's soup), raženki (grilled meat and vegetables on a skewer), baršt (sour beetroot soup), bograč (meat-based soup with hot peppers and ground peppers) and kalbasa (sausage), which can come in different forms, such as ziemliačana kalbasa (potato-filled sausage), krvava kalbasa or jelito (blood sausage), and syrna kalbasa (sausage with meat and cheese).

Radka, a form of very strong alcohol similar to medical tinctures and usually made with honey and fruit, is considered the Lipnitian national beverage as it is believed to have been invented in Lipnitia; the first written mention of radka originates from Lipnitia. Other commonly consumed alcoholic beverages include beer, vodka, mead, and wine; there has been a century-long tradition of winemaking in Lipnitia, and wine is produced in 20 different geographical regions. Both white and red wine are popular in Lipnitia.

The most popular non-alcoholic drink in Lipnitia is tea, brought to Lipnitia from the Far East. However, more traditional non-alcoholic beverages are also consumed widely. These include mostly dairy products, such as buttermilk and soured milk. Similar dairy and yoghurt products brought to Lipnitia from the Near East include ajran and kefir.

Sport

Main article: Sport in Lipnitia

Public holidays

Main article: Public holidays in Lipnitia

Western calendar date	Name	Lipnitian name	Recognized?	Notes
January 1	New Year’s Day	Новы год, Novy god		Marks the first day of the Western calendar year.
January 7	Nativity	Роджество, Rodžestvo		Marks the birth of Isa.
January 14	Old New Year’s Day	Стары новы год, Stary novy god		Marks the first day of the Eastern calendar year.
June 21	Kupala Night	Ноч Купалы, Noč Kupaly		Marks the summer solstice, derived from a Pagan festival.
September 21	Kolovoz	Коловоз, Kolovoz		Marks the autumnal equinox.
November 17	Independence Day	Дєнь нєзавислости, Dienj niezavislosti		Marks the independence of Lipnitia from TBA in 1924.
December 21	Štedruška	Щедрушка, Štedruška		Origins can be traced to a Pagan festival of the same name marking the winter solstice.

See also

• Outline of Lipnitia