Yinese Civil War: Difference between revisions

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(Created page with "{{Short description|1966–1981 civil war in Yingok}} {{wip}} {{Infobox military conflict | conflict = Yinese Civil War | partof = the Fourth Winter Period | image = {{multiple image|border=infobox|perrow=2/2/2|total_width=350 | image1 = F2H-2 Banshee of VF-11 drops bomb over Korea 1953.JPEG | image2 = Men of the 4.2 mortar crew, 31st Heavy Mortar Company fire at enemy position, west of Chorwon, Korea. - NARA - 531429.tif | image3 = USS Saint Paul (CA-73) she...")
 
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| territory        = * Full Republican control over Yingok
| territory        = * Full Republican control over Yingok
* End of [[Fourth Winter Period]]
* End of [[Fourth Winter Period]]
* Communist government flees to TBD
* Communist government flees to [[Louwan]]
| result            = Republican victory
| result            = Republican victory
| combatant1        = {{flagicon|Yingok}} [[Yingok#Third Republic|Third Republic of Yingok]] (1966–1974)<br>{{flagicon|Yingok}}[[Yingok#Fourth Republic|Fourth Republic of Yingok]] (1966–)<br>{{flagicon image|northern DRM flag.png}} [[Dynastic Restoration Movement|Northern Dynastic Restoration Movement]]
| combatant1        = {{flagicon|Yingok}} [[Yingok#Third Republic|Third Republic of Yingok]] (1966–1974)<br>{{flagicon|Yingok}}[[Yingok#Fourth Republic|Fourth Republic of Yingok]] (1974–)<br>{{flagicon image|northern DRM flag.png}} [[Dynastic Restoration Movement|Northern Dynastic Restoration Movement]]<br>'''Supported by:'''<br>{{flag|Razan}}<br>{{flagicon|Nadauro}} [[Third Empire of Nadauro|Nadauro]] <small>(1975–1978)</small>
| combatant2        = {{flagicon image|Kongchangtong flag.png}} [[Kongchangtong]]{{bi|left=1.2|{{flagicon image|Kongchangtong flag.png}} [[Qinfa Clique]]<br>{{flagicon image|Kongchangtong flag.png}} [[People's Union of Zhongdou and Cheungming]]<br>{{flagicon image|Kongchangtong flag.png}} [[Yauhing Clique]]}}
| combatant2        = '''Before 1970:'''<br>{{flagicon image|Kongchangtong flag.png}} [[Kongchangtong]]{{bi|left=1.2|{{flagicon image|Kongchangtong flag.png}} [[Qinfa Clique]]<br>{{flagicon image|Kongchangtong flag.png}} [[People's Union of Zhongdou and Cheungming]]<br>{{flagicon image|Kongchangtong flag.png}} [[Yauhing Clique]]}}'''After 1970:'''<br>{{flagicon image|Louwan Flag.png}} [[Louwan|People's Union of Yingok]]
| combatant3        = {{flagicon image|DRM flag.png}} [[Dynastic Restoration Movement]]
| combatant3        = {{flagicon image|DRM flag.png}} [[Dynastic Restoration Movement]]
| commander1        = {{Flagicon|Yingok}} [[Yin Kyun]]<br>{{flagicon|Yingok}} [[Lei Daatping]]<br>{{flagicon|Yingok}} [[Hong Bokngai]]<br>{{flagicon|Yingok}} [[Mou Mandou]]<br>{{flagicon image|northern DRM flag.png}} [[Ngawai|Prince Ngawai]]
| commander1        = {{Flagicon|Yingok}} [[Yin Kyun]]<br>{{flagicon|Yingok}} [[Lei Daatping]]<br>{{flagicon|Yingok}} [[Hong Bokngai]]<br>{{flagicon|Yingok}} [[Mou Mandou]]<br>{{flagicon image|northern DRM flag.png}} [[Ngawai|Prince Ngawai]]<br>'''Supported by:'''<br>{{flagicon|Nadauro}} [[Hermes Caravelas]]
| commander2        = {{flagicon image|Kongchangtong flag.png}} [[Chiu Gwokleung]]<!--趙國梁--><br>{{flagicon image|Kongchangtong flag.png}} [[Wong Hiugwan]]<br>{{flagicon image|Kongchangtong flag.png}} [[Baak Gaanwan]]<!--白間雲--><br>{{flagicon image|Kongchangtong flag.png}} [[Hui Leungwaa]]<!--許良華-->
| commander2        = '''Before 1970:'''<br>{{flagicon image|Kongchangtong flag.png}} [[Chiu Gwokleung]]<!--趙國梁--><br>{{flagicon image|Kongchangtong flag.png}} [[Wong Hiugwan]]<br>{{flagicon image|Kongchangtong flag.png}} [[Baak Gaanwan]]<!--白間雲--><br>{{flagicon image|Kongchangtong flag.png}} [[Hui Leungwaa]]<!--許良華--><br>'''After 1970:'''<br>{{flagicon image|Louwan Flag.png}} [[Chiu Gwokleung]]<br>{{flagicon image|Louwan Flag.png}} [[Ng Leiwing]] <!--吳理榮-->
| commander3        = {{flagicon image|DRM flag.png}} [[Cheunyam|Prince Cheunyam]]{{KIA}}
| commander3        = {{flagicon image|DRM flag.png}} [[Cheunyam|Prince Cheunyam]]{{KIA}}
| strength1 = '''1968:'''<br>4 million regular troops<br>3 million militia<ref name="wer">{{Cite book |last=Leung |first=Ellis |title=A History of the Modern Yinese Military |year=2003}} Retrieved 21 March 2014.</ref>
| strength1 = '''1968:'''<br>4 million regular troops<br>3 million militia<ref name="wer">{{Cite book |last=Leung |first=Ellis |title=A History of the Modern Yinese Military |year=2003}} Retrieved 21 March 2014.</ref>
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The '''Yinese Civil War''' ({{wp|Cantonese|Yinese}}: ''燕國內戰''; [[Yinese Hungshui Cambranisation]]: ''Yin-gwok Noih-jin'') (7 March 1966 – 23 November 1981) was a {{wp|civil war}} in [[Yingok]] that was fought between the {{wp|central government}} often known as the Republicans, the forces of the [[Kongchangtong]], and the [[Dynastic Restoration Movement]]. The war eventually led to a Republican victory, with the Dynastic Restoration Movement falling apart following the death of Prince [[Cheunyam]] in 1968, the fleeing of much of the Kongchangtong in the waning years of the war, and the surrender of the last largescale communist stronghold in the midlands in 1981 with the [[Treaty of Cingdou]]. The end of the Yinese Civil War also marked the conclusion of the [[Fourth Winter Period]].
The '''Yinese Civil War''' ({{wp|Cantonese|Yinese}}: ''燕國內戰''; [[Yinese Hungshui Cambranisation]]: ''Yin-gwok Noih-jin'') (7 March 1966 – 23 November 1981) was a {{wp|civil war}} in [[Yingok]] that was fought between the {{wp|central government}} often known as the Republicans, the forces of the [[Kongchangtong]], and the [[Dynastic Restoration Movement]]. The war eventually led to a Republican victory, with the Dynastic Restoration Movement falling apart following the death of Prince [[Cheunyam]] in 1968, the fleeing of much of the Kongchangtong in the waning years of the war, and the surrender of the last largescale communist stronghold in the midlands in 1981 with the [[Treaty of Cingdou]]. The end of the Yinese Civil War also marked the conclusion of the [[Fourth Winter Period]].


The early years of the war was marked by humiliating defeats for Republican forces in the [[Southern Theatre of the Yinese Civil War|Southern Theatre]] while in the [[Northern Theatre of the Yinese Civil War|Northern Theatre]], the conflict was inconclusive. This was largely due to a weak government that suffered from a lack of political consensus, indecision, and {{wp|corruption}}. This trend ceased following the [[1973 Yinese coup d'état]] when [[Hong Bokngai]] dissolved the [[National Diet of Yingok|National Diet]] and established a [[Yinese Provisional Government (1973–74)|Yinese Provisional Government]]. The coup significantly altered the dynamics of the conflict, as provisional government brought a new level of discipline and cohesion to the Republican forces. The government implemented sweeping reforms, including the restructuring of the military command, and establishment of tighter control over the war economy. By 1977, the Republicans had regained significant territories previously lost to the Kongchangtong. The [[People's Union of Zhongdou and Cheungming|People's Union]] was overrun by Republican forces in the same year, severely weakening the communist forces and boosting Republican morale.  
The early years of the war was marked by humiliating defeats for Republican forces in the [[Southern Theatre of the Yinese Civil War|Southern Theatre]] while in the [[Northern Theatre of the Yinese Civil War|Northern Theatre]], the conflict was inconclusive. This was largely due to a weak government that suffered from a lack of political consensus, indecision, and {{wp|corruption}}. This trend ceased following the [[1973 Yinese coup d'état]] when [[Hong Bokngai]] dissolved the [[National Diet of Yingok|National Diet]] and established a [[Yinese Provisional Government (1973–74)|Yinese Provisional Government]]. The coup, and a subsequent surge of support from [[Razan]], significantly altered the dynamics of the conflict, as provisional government brought a new level of discipline and cohesion to the Republican forces. The government implemented sweeping reforms, including the restructuring of the military command, and establishment of tighter control over the war economy. By 1977, the Republicans had regained significant territories previously lost to the Kongchangtong. The [[People's Union of Zhongdou and Cheungming|People's Union]] was overrun by Republican forces in the same year, severely weakening the communist forces and boosting Republican morale.  


By 1978, Kongchangtong leadership realised that their position was becoming increasingly untenable, and plans for evacuation to X began to take shape. Much of the Kongchangtong was evacuated by the spring of 1980 and dealt a significant blow to the morale of the remaining Kongchangtang forces in Yingok. The surrender of much of the [[Yinese Red Army]] in the [[Munlok]] region around November of 1981 marked the official end of the Yinese Civil War. as announced by the central government.
By 1978, Kongchangtong leadership realised that their position was becoming increasingly untenable, and plans for evacuation to [[Louwan]] began to take shape. Much of the Kongchangtong was evacuated by the spring of 1980 and dealt a significant blow to the morale of the remaining Kongchangtang forces in Yingok. The surrender of much of the [[Yinese Red Army]] in the [[Munlok]] region around November of 1981 marked the official end of the Yinese Civil War. as announced by the central government.


== Background ==
== Background ==
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{{yingoktopics}}
{{yingoktopics}}
[[Category:Yingok]]
[[Category:Yingok]]
[[Category:History of Yingok]]
[[Category:History of Nadauro]]
[[Category:World history (Teleon)]]
[[Category:Wars (Teleon)]]
[[Category:History]]
[[Category:History]]

Latest revision as of 07:17, 13 August 2024

Yinese Civil War
Part of the Fourth Winter Period
Clockwise from top left:
  • Republican bomber over Wasaan Mountain
  • A Republican Army mortar position at the Battle of Bakwa
  • Kongchangtong soldiers during the Namho Campaign
  • Ruined Republican position near Heungleung following a bombing run by the Kongchangtong
  • Destroyed railroad in Dongmei by the Kongchangtong
  • Republican destroyer Donggong firing at a Kongchangtong position off the coast of Sankwai
Date7 March 1966 – 23 November 1981[1]
Location
Yingok
Result Republican victory
Territorial
changes
Belligerents
Yingok Third Republic of Yingok (1966–1974)
YingokFourth Republic of Yingok (1974–)
Northern Dynastic Restoration Movement
Supported by:
 Razan
Nadauro Nadauro (1975–1978)		 Before 1970:
KongchangtongAfter 1970:
People's Union of Yingok		 Dynastic Restoration Movement
Commanders and leaders
Yingok Yin Kyun
Yingok Lei Daatping
Yingok Hong Bokngai
Yingok Mou Mandou
Prince Ngawai
Supported by:
Nadauro Hermes Caravelas		 Before 1970:
Chiu Gwokleung
Wong Hiugwan
Baak Gaanwan
Hui Leungwaa
After 1970:
Chiu Gwokleung
Ng Leiwing		 Prince Cheunyam †
Strength
1968:
4 million regular troops
3 million militia[2]		 1968:
2.9 million regular troops
2.4 million militia[2]		 1966:
500 thousand regular troops[2]
Casualties and losses
1,200,000 killed
2,000,000 wounded
200,000 missing[3][2]		 970,000 killed
1,800,000 wounded
350,000 missing[3][2]		 100,000+ killed
Unknown[3]
12,000,000 civilians killed
23,000,000 civilians wounded
3,000,000 civilians missing[3]

The Yinese Civil War (Yinese: 燕國內戰; Yinese Hungshui Cambranisation: Yin-gwok Noih-jin) (7 March 1966 – 23 November 1981) was a civil war in Yingok that was fought between the central government often known as the Republicans, the forces of the Kongchangtong, and the Dynastic Restoration Movement. The war eventually led to a Republican victory, with the Dynastic Restoration Movement falling apart following the death of Prince Cheunyam in 1968, the fleeing of much of the Kongchangtong in the waning years of the war, and the surrender of the last largescale communist stronghold in the midlands in 1981 with the Treaty of Cingdou. The end of the Yinese Civil War also marked the conclusion of the Fourth Winter Period.

The early years of the war was marked by humiliating defeats for Republican forces in the Southern Theatre while in the Northern Theatre, the conflict was inconclusive. This was largely due to a weak government that suffered from a lack of political consensus, indecision, and corruption. This trend ceased following the 1973 Yinese coup d'état when Hong Bokngai dissolved the National Diet and established a Yinese Provisional Government. The coup, and a subsequent surge of support from Razan, significantly altered the dynamics of the conflict, as provisional government brought a new level of discipline and cohesion to the Republican forces. The government implemented sweeping reforms, including the restructuring of the military command, and establishment of tighter control over the war economy. By 1977, the Republicans had regained significant territories previously lost to the Kongchangtong. The People's Union was overrun by Republican forces in the same year, severely weakening the communist forces and boosting Republican morale.

By 1978, Kongchangtong leadership realised that their position was becoming increasingly untenable, and plans for evacuation to Louwan began to take shape. Much of the Kongchangtong was evacuated by the spring of 1980 and dealt a significant blow to the morale of the remaining Kongchangtang forces in Yingok. The surrender of much of the Yinese Red Army in the Munlok region around November of 1981 marked the official end of the Yinese Civil War. as announced by the central government.

Background

Progress of war

War crimes

Memory and historiography

In works of culture and art

References

  1. ↑ Lee, Avery (2009). Yingok's War. Masten Press.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Leung, Ellis (2003). A History of the Modern Yinese Military. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Camden, John E. (1999). The Yinese Civil War 1966–81. Samlong Press. p. 108. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
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