Holynia

Holyn Kingdom Holynska Kráľovstvo
Anthem: Bude Slávne Holynsko! "Be Glorious Holynia!"
Capital	Cizekporok
Largest city	Bystrica
Official languages	Hornat Masov
Recognised regional languages	Bogor
Ethnic groups (2015)	68.3% Hornat 29.4% Masov 2.3% other
Demonym(s)	Holynian
Government	Constitutional Monarchy
• King	Milanko I
• Prime Minister	Štefan Jahnátek
Legislature	Národná Rada (National Council)
Foundation
• First Holyně Realm	81 BC
• Second Holyně Realm	1052
• Holyně Kingdom	December 1574
• Union of Holyně Socialist States	February 1924
• Second Holyně Kingdom	April 1999
Population
• 2017 estimate	80,230,431
• Density	79.10/km2 (204.9/sq mi)
GDP (nominal)	$.51 trillion estimate
• Total	$2.16 trillion
• Per capita	$20,737
HDI (2019)	0.901 very high
Currency	Koruna (HRK)
Calling code	+63
Internet TLD	.hk

Holynia, also referred to as Holyn, officially the Holyn Kingdom (Hornat and Masov: Holynska Kráľovstvo and Holynska Království), is a sovereign country in southeastern Artemia, covering an area of 1,014,174 square kilometers, with 80,230,431 inhabitants within its borders. Owing to Holynia's highly mountainous topography, the inhabitants of the country are widespread, with a population density of 79 people per square kilometer. Holynia borders six countries including, Greyvygor, Ergoth and Idishad. The Kingdom consists of two countries, Hornatyia and Masovia, which is further divided into eight kraj (Regions) and further into 53 counties. The capital and largest city of Holynia is Cizekporok, with a population of over 5 million. The country is a constitutional monarchy, with a parliamentary system of government.

Modern day Holynia traces its history back to the Holyně Realm, which encompassed the Duchy of Hornatyia and Duchy of Masovia. The Holyně Realm grew to control territory within modern-day Greyvygor, Ergoth and Idishad. Eventually internal disputes between the two Duchy's within the Realm led to its collapse c. 120. The Hornatyian Duchy was influential and powerful enough to remain in control of much of the former northern territories of the Holyně Realm. The independent country reformed itself into the Kingdom of Hornatyia and was led by Cizek I. Meanwhile the Masovian monarchy was unstable with numerous rivalries preventing effective rule. The Council of Skrbovice marked the introduction of Catholicism into the former Holyně Realm. In 1052, the Masovian Kingdom finally collapsed with the fall of the Hanák Dynasty, resulting in Hornatyia invading and annexing the Masovian lands and the reestablishment of the Holyně Realm.

In 1310, Holyně was invaded by its northern neighbor Ergoth, this war came to be known as the Catastrophe. The war ended during the Battle of Bavorovská Hill, when the Holynians pushed invading forces back into Ergoth. The destruction as a result of the war set the Kingdom back several hundred years. The first national legislature, the National Council of Hornatyia and Masovia convened in 1611. The Kingdom began a slow growth, with the economy transforming from outdated medieval economics to capitalism. At the start of the 20th century, a wealth gap of major proportions developed within Holynia. In 1938, the Workers' Party of Holynia was formed and grew in popularity in the poorer and more rural countryside. Communist visionaries led by Jan Kříž eventually overthrew the monarchy and established the Democratic Socialist Republic of Holynia.

Following the communist takeover, Holynia underwent a period of economic collapse, facing food shortages in major cities and widespread destruction from the revolution. Food shortages gradually came to an end after collectivization was enforced. Jan Kříž died in 1941 and was replaced by Volen Hajek, who ruled over a period of rapid industrialization. Along with rapid industrialization, Holynia's government became increasingly authoritarian. A period of political chaos in the late 1940s led to Hajek being briefly replaced as leader of Holynia by Jiří Liška. Hajek eventually won the power struggle in 1950 with Liška being executed. Following Hajek's death in 1967, Holynia entered a period of economic stagnation. GDP growth slowed to 0.5% in 1970 and many government industries became unviable. In 1971, the Workers' Party Central Committee approved major economic reforms abolishing the centrally planned economy and introducing a "socialist-oriented market economy". These reforms swept in rapid growth in the Holynian economy and 7% growth in GDP between 1979 and 1981.

In 1991, political unrest began fermenting central Holynia, culminating in the Cetviny massacre. The 1995 death of longtime leader Kamil Sládek resulted in further political instability as his successor Kristián Zukal became embroiled in a power struggle with a group of Sládek loyalists. Zukal proposed democratic reforms that would loosen government censorship and release political prisoners. The reforms were deeply opposed by the Sládek group, who utilized portions of the military to overthrow Zukal. In response massive protests erupted in major Holynian cities and saw the fall of the hardliners after two weeks in power. The communists were unable to recover from this politically and eventually held a referendum on forming a new constitution. The new constitution was approved on 21 May 1997 and saw the Holynia reformed into a constitutional monarchy, with the return of the Holynian royal family in June 1997.

Holynia saw a complete return to a market economy by 2000 and political stability had returned by 2001. Holynia saw rapid economic growth and major gains in living standards during the early 21st century. In 2005, a second constitutional referendum was held granting greater freedoms to the two constituent countries, Hornatyia and Masovia. In 2010, a regional referendum on Masovian independence was defeated with 61% of the populace voting to remain within Holynia.

Holynia is a highly developed country, with an advanced high income economy and high living standards. The country has extremely low unemployment rates, however varying rates of wealth inequality. The country boasts a post-industrial economy, with a growing e-market developing within Holynia. Since 2004, Holynia has seen yearly GDP growth of 4-8 percent, with the economy still growing at rapid rates in 2016. Holynia is a member of the not!UN, Southern Artemia Commerce Initiative, International Trade Commission, and the Global Monetary Fund.

Politics

Main article: Politics of Holynia

The Národná Rada in Cizekporok, is the national legislature in Holynia.

The Supreme Court in Cizekporok, is the chief court of Holynia and is the court of final appeal in Holynia.

Holynia operates as a constitutional monarchy with a hereditary monarch as head of state and a unicameral parliament, the Národná Rada. The current constitution was adopted on 12 September 2005, replacing the 1997 constitution. The constitution of Holynia places primary governance with the Prime Minister and the cabinet, who are appointed by the monarch after recommendation by members of the Národná Rada. The Prime Minister exerts control over all functions of the executive branch and is de-facto the most powerful politician in the country. The Národná Rada is a 210 seat unicameral legislature which is elected every two years using a proportional representation of political parties, resulting in a diverse array of political parties. A Royal Commissioner is elected by the Národná Rada in a secret ballot every year, who is in charge of overseeing the legality of government actions and issues judgments on certain policies. The ruling monarch holds little power, however has the ability to reject a proposed government and the ability to force from office a ruling government using the Royal Commissioner.

Holynia uses a hybrid of both common-law and civil-law principles with two chief courts, the High Court handling civil cases and the Crown Court handling justice, with the Supreme Court existing as the court of last resort, handling both civil and criminal cases. In addition to the civil and justice courts, military courts and special tribunals also exist in Holynia and handle cases brought by the Supreme Prosecutor of the Ministry of Defence. The Principality of Masovia maintains its own justice system, with Principle Court for civil cases and the Crown Court for criminal justice cases, with the Holynian Supreme Court in Cizekporok as its court of last resort. The Masov justice system is formed in a similar hybrid system like the national court system, however it does not accept a "not proven" verdict in criminal trials. Along with this difference, the civil courts do not allow a jury system, with the sole verdict lying in the hands of the judge. The Principality of Hornatyia utilizes the national Holynian court system for both civil and criminal cases. In addition, Masovian courts are beneath the national Holynian courts, thus a verdict issued by a national Holynian court will affect a verdict issued by a Masov court.

Military

Main articles: Royal Holynian Defence Forces and National Guard of Holynia

The Royal Holynian Defence Forces serve as Holynia's primary military force, consisting of the Ground Force, Navy and the Air Force. Additionally the National Police, Coast Guard and the National Intelligence Directorate are subordinated to military command in wartime. The Defence Forces receives a budget of $101 billion, which is roughly 4.7 percent of the country's GDP. The Defence Forces can call upon 347,192 active personnel, of which 131,245 belong to the Ground Force, 111,314 belong to the Navy and 104,633 belong to the Air Force. The military has relied upon volunteers since the 2001 abolition of conscription. Prior to that, all Holynians that reached the age of 18 were required to perform military service or alternate civil service for a period of at least 6 months.

The Defence Forces fall under the command of the Chief of General Staff who is subordinate to the Minister of Defence. In wartime, Ground Force and Navy command assume respective command of the National Police and the Coast Guard. Defence funding is provided through a annual act of Parliament called the National Defence Allocation Act, which proscribes a budget for the following year. Defence spending was, until 2005, dropping as a result of the fall of communism, however since 2008 the annual budget has grown at least 5% every year. Much of the budget has been spent on modernizing equipment, increasing troop pay, constructing new training and living facilities for servicemen and increasing readiness. Holynia maintains a strong state and private defence industry, dating back to before the communist era. This industry has since expanded with growing exports to foreign nations and a healthy domestic market.

An additional military branch are the two separate National Guards of Holynia, the Hornatyian National Guard and the Masovian National Guard. These were both formed after Parliament devolved powers to form an "internal security force" to the governments of Hornatyia and Masovia. The first National Guard was founded in November 2002 in Masovia, with the establishment of a Ministry for Internal Defence within the Masovian government. The National Guard began recruiting in March 2003 and a training facility in Číchov was handed over from the Holynian Ground Force to the Masovian government. Since its establishment, the National Guard of Masovia has gained a force of 95,710 service members, of which roughly 21,000 are active duty. The National Guard is solely an internal force within Masovia and cannot be deployed into Hornatyia without approval by an act from the Hornatyian legislature. The Masovian National Guard is prohibited by Holynian legislation from deploying internationally outside the national borders of Holynia. Hornatyia maintains a similar National Guard, which is roughly on par with the Masovian one. The Hornatyian National Guard is prohibited from deploying within 100 km of the border with Ergoth because of legal issues stemming to a territorial dispute. Both National Guards have the ability to procure "reasonable weaponry for the defence of the defence of the nation".

Economy

Transport

File:Holyland railway.jpg

A Class 450 high speed train, which can reach a maximum speed of 300 km/h, travels between Cizekporok and Uhrov.

Main article: Transport in Holynia

Holynia maintains a radial road network consisting of 124,713 km of main roads and 11,519 km of motorways, out of a total of 1,119,791 km of paved roads. The motorways are the primary responsibility of the Roadway Directorate, meanwhile main road responsibility are split between the Directorate and local authorities. All non-motorway and main roadways are the responsibility of either local or private entities. Cizekporok maintains the densest road network in the country, along with the longest bypass road in the country. The M1 is the primary motorway between Cizekporok and Bystrica and has the heaviest usage of all motorways in the country. According to the Ministry of Transport, a total of 41 million vehicles were registered in 2012.

Holynia has an extremely dense railway network, with 41,387 km of railway in the country. 35,241 km are electrified at 25 kV AC, with the remaining being non-electrified. The railways fall under the responsibility of the national railway operator, Kráľovskej Holynske železnice (Royal Holynia Railway), which is a private company with the government transport ministry as the sole shareholder. Holynia Railways operates passenger and freight rail services throughout the country. National operator Masovia Rail operates intercity and local passenger services within Masovia. Several private coal companies operate their own private rail lines which connect to the national network. These companies occasionally operate services on the national network under contract by Holynia Railways. Holynia established its first high speed line in 1993 and since then the high speed network has grown to 3,109 km of the national network. Masovia Rail is presently constructing its own high speed line along the coast, utilizing both government and private funding, with service expected to start in 2017.