Charles III of the United Kingdom

Charles III
King of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth Realms Canada 1951-1985 Australia 1951-1985 New Zealand 1951-1985 Jamaica 1962-1985 Barbados 1966-1985 The Bahamas 1973-1985 Grenada 1974-1985 Papua New Guinea 1975-1985 Puerto Rico 1977-1985 Solomon Islands 1978-1985 Tuvalu 1978-1985 St. Lucia 1979-1985 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 1979-1985 Belize 1981-1985 Antigua and Barbuda 1981-1985 St. Kitts and Nevis 1983-1985 Pakistan 1952-1956 South Africa 1952-1961 Ceylon 1952-1972 Ghana 1957-1960 Nigeria 1960-1963 Sierra Leone 1961-1971 Tanganyika 1961-1962 Trinidad and Tobago 1962-1976 Uganda 1962-1963 Kenya 1963-1964 Malawi 1964-1966 Malta 1964-1974 The Gambia 1965-1970 Guyana 1966-1970 Mauritius 1968-1992 Fiji 1970-1987
Reign	7 July, 1951 - 11 June, 1985
Coronation	10 December, 1951
Predecessor	Edward VII
Successor	William VI
Born	Charles Frederick William Louis (1917-01-15)15 January 1917 Haga Palace, Sweden
Died	11 June 1985(1985-06-11) (aged 68) Edinburgh Palace, Scotland
Burial	19 June 1985 Westminster Abbey, London
Spouse	Lauren Bacall (m. 1947)
Issue Detail	William VI William, Prince of Belgium Catherine, Crown Princess of Norway Alexandra, Duchess of Albany
Full name Charles Frederick William Louis
House	Hanover
Father	Edward VII
Mother	Victoria Louise of Prussia
Religion	Protestant

Charles III (Charles Frederick William Louis; 15 January, 1917 - 11 June, 1985) was King of the United Kingdom from 1951 to 1985. Throughout his three decades long reign, he oversaw various events during the tumultuous period of the Cold War and notably spearheaded several series of far-reaching reforms in his lifelong effort of liberalising the royal institution of the United Kingdom.

Early Life

Charles was born on the 15th of January, 1917 to the then Prince of Wales Edward, and German princess Victoria Louise. While his godparents had been from both German and British royalty, Charles's full name however was altered based on the respective names of his German ancestors.

As a result of his parents' choice to seek refuge in the neutral country of Sweden due to rampant Germanophobia in both the German Empire and the United Kingdom, which had been his parents' respective birthplaces, he was born in the Swedish royal residence of Haga Palace in Stockholm, similar to his father who had been born in Canada rather than in the United Kingdom itself. As a direct descendant of two German Emperor's, he was bestowed with several honours and decorations by the wartime German government through his mother, in addition to his British peerages and titles.

Despite undergoing his first few years in exile, Charles cultivated a strong bond with the Swedish royal family, as he was noted to had been particularly close to that of Ingrid, the granddaughter of Gustaf V. As a result, he was also exposed to the Swedish language and in the following years was even able to fluently speak in Swedish itself. In 1918, Charles was joined by his brother William, who would be his only brother and sibling.

In 1919, the young Charles accompanied his parents to the Netherlands in an unscheduled stop as the rampant Germanophobia deterred the princely family from immediately returning to Britain. However, three years later, the princely family did finally returned to Britain, immediately settling in Buckingham Palace.

Prince of Wales

At the age of six, upon the passing of his grandfather George V, a seven-year old Charles was formally proclaimed as Prince of Wales and heir apparent to his father.

Though he, alongside his brother were confined to the interior of Buckingham Palace as protection against public hostility, Charles's development as a young prince was relatively undeterred. While the young prince excelled in his academic subjects, Charles also proved to be an adept in horse riding, and was considerably versed in the arts of hunting, having at oftentimes accompanied his father on private hunting trips.

In 1930, much to the reluctance of his pacifist-minded father, Charles attended the Royal Military College as an army cadet. Though the young prince excelled in his written examinations and showed much potential as a future soldier, the economical situation at the time however severed the possibility of him being deployed for active duty.

Life in the United States

Hoping to escape the distressing anti-German sentiment back home, Charles voluntarily withdrew incognito to the United States, which he entered via Canada in 1935, alongside a few trusted escorts of his own. Though the situation, in terms of anti-German sentiment proved somewhat indifferent, the prince, who had been travelling under the alias of "Robert Clarke" chose to acquire a residence of his own in the north-eastern state of New York. At the same time, in a rather unconventional manner, Charles began to take up acting, all the while remaining under his assumed alias, establishing himself as a wealthy American citizen born to British immigrants. At the same time, in 1941, Charles privately received the news about the death of his brother, the Duke of Edinburgh whom had been killed in service during a naval confrontation in the Atlantic Sea. This loss would ultimately confine the prince from ever enlisting for the Second World War, largely due to the need for him, as the only living descendant of his parents to survive the war. However, the prince was active in expressing overwhelming support for the Allied cause.

In 1943, having built a relatively successful career of his own, the prince unexpectedly came into contact with a new and upcoming actress, Lauren Bacall. Subsequently, due to possible hostility in light of their relationship, the two began a private off-screen relationship, until it was formalised through a marriage three years later, when Charles's father granted his consent for the union, amidst much controversy and mixed reactions from Parliament MP's. In 1949, the couple departed back for Britain onboard the royal yacht, HMS Sophia.

King of the United Kingdom

Following his return, it was initially deemed unlikely for Charles to succeed his father at the time being given the relatively stable condition of the latter, added with the latter's frequent travel trips. To that end, the princely couple were also recommended to undertake a series of state visits on their own, then began by a 1950 state visit to Jordan, where they were hosted by the Jordanian king Abdullah I. Finding solace in this, the princely couple soon began undertaking subsequent state visits at a steady pace, followed by trips to Canada and Australia in the respective months of February and April in 1950 and a trip to India in July of the same year, in celebrating the newly sworn and very first President of India, Rajendra Prasad. This however would be the last visit conducted by the couple before their subsequent ascension as king and queen in the following year. A planned visit to Malaya was promptly cancelled due to the communist insurrection in the country led by the Malayan Communist Party.

On July 1951, king Edward died in his sleep in the wee hours of the morning. When this was relayed to the royal couple who had been staying at the Balmoral Castle in Scotland, the princely couple immediately began relocating to Buckingham Palace via flight, where they oversaw a spectacularly large public march in honour of the late king, a testimony to the late Edward's popularity.

With public hostility having greatly subsided though not at a dramatic level, there was however intense speculation of the preferred regnal name of the new king. With the name "Charles" embedded in controversy due to its past holders, the Prince of Wales was expected to assume a different regnal name instead, with the possibility of even assuming a double-styled regnal name, being either that of "Charles Frederick" or "Frederick William", with the latter having been used by the Prussian monarchs, Frederick Wilhelm I and Frederick Wilhelm II of Prussia while also serving as the given names of German Emperors Frederick III and Wilhelm II as to honour his mother's Prussian ancestry. However, the subsequent proclamation confirmed the new king as "Charles the Third", which was perceived as being in line with Charles's opposition towards social norms in regards to his chosen regnal name, as he was noted of having proclaimed "that the name Charles is not a curse, but rather a usual name of its own".

The Cold War Dilemma

Upon his ascension, Charles quickly found himself at the ceremonial seat of an empire undergoing a continuous process of decolonization as a result of UN pressure. At the same time, Britain was at the helm of at least two communist-related conflicts, namely the Korean War and the Malayan Emergency. In 1952, following the Egyptian Revolution that overthrew the Egyptian king Farouk, the deposed royals were invited to reside in Britain as a sign of good faith. However, after only a few days into their stay, the former King of Egypt reportedly left the United Kingdom, with sources alleging that the former king had acted in an improper manner while being around the queen consort.

Encouraged by Churchill, the king and queen began undertaking state visits to countries deemed important as Britain's allies. In August that year, the royal couple visited Iraq and were received by the Iraqi crown prince Abdullah, where they believed to had discussed a potentially formidable alliance between the kingdoms of Iraq and Iran against the might of the Soviet Union. During that visit, the king and queen narrowly escaped an assassination attempt, known as the Baghdad Plot when a trio of Iraqi nationalists attempted to injure them while they were leaving the royal palace.

In the subsequent year, following a failed attempt to assassinate the royal couple in which the king escaped unharmed while the queen suffered minor injuries, the two withdrew to and resided in Canada for exactly two years. However, despite this relocation, Charles in particular maintained an active correspondence with the local government, in particular with the British Security Service, whom with the help of local authorities later arrested a group of five men whom were soon found guilty of participation in the attempt.

Decolonisation Period

In 1957, following in the footsteps of his grandfather, William personally travelled to Malaya where as sovereign of the United Kingdom, he notably oversaw the proclamation of independence of the newly established Federation of Malaya.

Privately, while Charles was supportive of the planned transition to self-governance of the former British colonies, he was however said to had expressed "worrying" skepticism on the future of the aforementioned colonies, having said, "... that it would be quite a remarkable challenge to endure the profound hardships of independence with little to none of what they had been given to in the past.

Caroleanism

Throughout his reign, Charles sought to balance his outwardly liberal character with the general need to maintain the monarchy's popularity by avoiding overly controversial or divisive statements that would sow distrust among the British public. Markedly, following the end of the Suez Crisis in 1956, Charles reportedly began to develop a "balanced sense of anti-Americanism and British patriotism", later termed as Caroleanism in the wake of his death years later. In addition, Charles's wife, a devoted liberal was also considerably skeptic of the US government.

In 1959, the king personally hosted Cuban revolutionary Fidel Castro during the latter's visit to Canada in light of his recent ascension as Prime Minister of Cuba. Though the two exchanged words on a friendly and warm manner, on one occasion Charles was said to had lightly "pressured" Castro, with the hopes that the revolutionary leader would bring "long-awaited democracy and freedom" to Cuba.

Titles & Honours

• 15 January 1917 - 5 January 1923 His Royal Highness Prince Charles of Cambridge
• 5 January 1923 - 7 July 1951 His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales
• 7 July 1951 - 11 June 1985 His Majesty The King

Ancestry

Ancestors of Charles III of the United Kingdom

8. William V of the United Kingdom 4. George V of the United Kingdom 9. Charlotte of Belgium 2. Edward VII of the United Kingdom 10. Frederick III, German Emperor 5. Sophia of Prussia 11. Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom 1. Charles III of the United Kingdom 12. Frederick III, German Emperor 6. Wilhelm II, German Emperor 13. Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom 3. Victoria Louise of Prussia 14. Frederick VIII, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein 7. Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein 15. Princess Adelheid of Hohenlohe-Langenburg