2nd Imperial-Balonic War

Second Imperial-Balonic War
Date 12th April 1871 - 9th April 1875 Location Magna Europa, mainly Balion and the Great Europan Strait. Result Treaty of Marienberg (Imperial-Balonic) Both sides claim overall victory Practical Balonic Victory Tactical Imperial Victory Unionist Victory (Balonic Civil)
Belligerents
Vionna-Frankenlisch	United States of Balion Republic of Urat	Confederate States of Balion
Commanders and leaders
Caroline Lord Heatheridge Lord Lynwood Lord Richmond	Abraham Larkinge Odysseus H. Hampdon John P. Merriweather Thaddeus Whittaker	James S. Davis
Strength
400,000	2,100,000 60,000	1,600,000

The Second Imperial-Balonic War was a war fought between April 1871 and April 1875 between Vionna-Frankenlisch and the United States of Balion. It was the greater of two Imperial-Balonic conflicts fought in the mid-late 19th century and outnumbered its predecessor in size, casualties and fallout. There were multiple causes for the war, the continued Balonic practice of slavery, protection of Imperial trade against improving Balonic exports and continued Imperial-Balonic tensions which culminated in the Balonic attack on Fort Edward, starting the war. Despite recent disagreement by historians, the general consensus is that neither side prosecuted the war for legal or legitimate reasons and, in fact, the conflict is often used as an example of a non-just war.

During the first year of the conflict, many of the eastern states of Balion voted to secede from the Union and, a month later, went to war with the Union. This further confused the conflict and has led it to be referred to by many as the Balonic Civil War, however, in Balion it is often considered a separate conflict. Many historians also divide the two conflicts, Vionna-Frankenlisch never sided fully with either faction and, in fact, fought both on different occasions. However, there were cases of Imperial troops supporting one side against the other temporarily, such as at the Battle of Moore's Mill.

The Republic of Urat acted as an ally for the United States of Balion, mainly due to the age-old Uratic dislike of Vionna-Frankenlisch. Sixty-thousand Uratic men served in the conflict with around forty-thousand being sent to Balion. They saw action against the Confederates and the Vionna-Frankenlischians, most famously at the Battle of Williamsburg where the Uratic First Division was severely mauled and the other two divisions of the Uratic Expeditionary Force were broken against the Imperial lines.

Opening

Background

Of the colonial powers of Magna Europa, Vionna-Frankenlisch had established itself as primary. Though south Terrifica continued to dismay them and Balion had won its independence in the War of Balonic Independence, the Frankenlischian Empire was, by far, the largest and wealthiest of the Magna Europan empires. Imperial trade was roaring and Vionna-Frankenlischian industry was strengthening by the day. However, when rapid industrialisation washed over Balion, a stark and well-placed threat to Imperial trade began to emerge. Slavery in the southern Balonic states provided cheap raw materials for factories in the northern cities. In 1864, the First Imperial-Balonic War broke out over allegations of privateering against Balion. Though it was never proven, the Vionna-Frankenlischian government claimed that merchant shipping between Magna Europa and Imperial holdings in Ziania was being raided by pirates in the pay of Balion. The war ended in a swift Imperial victory following a victorious naval campaign and threats of invasion.

Though postwar tensions swiftly deescalated as Vionna-Frankenlisch was facing war on the Magna Europan continent (and eventually did go to war in 1868), the economic situation remained volatile. Imperial trade with Balion was exclusively with the Commonwealth of New Frankenlisch on the north-east coast of the country, entering primarily through the West Oakcliffe capital of Bradwater. An Imperial-held sea fort in Bradwater's Gestoria Bay monitored shipping and had played an important part in the tensions leading up to the first war. Fort Edward, Bradwater was to play an important role in the Second Imperial-Balonic War too. Tensions began to mount again in early 1869 when Balonic diplomats began to protest Vionna-Frankenlischian involvement in the Balonic anti-slavery movement. President Abraham Larkinge had been elected on a solid anti-slavery platform and promised "Emancipation on Balonic terms" in a not-so-subtle reference to Imperial meddling. The protests were ignored and Balion responded by blockading Fort Edward.

Outbreak of War

In January 1871, the sloop-of-war HMNS Marienberg attempted to run the Balonic blockade of Fort Edward. The West Oakcliffe Militia, from batteries emplaced around Gestoria Bay, forced the ship to withdraw under a withering bombardment which killed seven men and wounded several more. No resupply ship had reached had reached the fort for a year and, though some supplies were smuggled in by sympathetic or well-bribed locals, the situation within Fort Edward was dire. Finally, on 10th April, General G. H. Beauchamp and 400 federal soldiers arrived to reinforce the blockade. Following a diplomatic demand for Vionna-Frankenlisch to relinquish control of Fort Edward to Balonic authorities (which was ignored without comment), the blockading forces ordered Major John Pelham to surrender the fort and its garrison of 134 men. Pelham refused and, on the 12th, a bombardment began which lasted for 14 hours and ended with the fort's surrender. Major Pelham and his men were returned to Frankenlisch aboard the frigate UNS Grand Union.

Though the presence of the fort had become a controversial issue in Vionna-Frankenlischian politics, the blatant attack blunted all arguement and Lord Heatheride's government demanded full reparation, the return of the fort to Imperial hands and a full inquiry into the the incident. The Balonic reply was negative and Queen Caroline commanded her government to declare war which they did at five minutes to midnight on the 12th of April. The declaration was delivered to President Larkinge in person by Lord Fallenver, the Imperial ambassador in New Grythshead.

Imperial Preparations

The Conservative government of Lord Heatheridge, already pro-military, reacted quickly to the outbreak of war and preparations were made quickly. Expecting a repeat of the First Imperial-Balonic War, a strong naval squadron was assembled under the command of Admiral Sir Ian Carrin-Jones. Though the Admiralty were in favour of a swift raiding campaign to bring the war to a close quickly, the government put priority on taking back Fort Edward. This decision can mainly be attributed to the Imperial Government's misjudgement of the importance of the fort to the Vionna-Frankenlischian people. The attack on an Imperial posession was enough to stir the population into war fervour but they did not place any real importance on the fort itself as a symbol. This decision was to prove a key contributor to the drawn-out conflict which eventually developed.

Carrin-Jones took the newly-commissioned HMNS Beauclare as his flagship. Beauclare was the final Imperial ironclad to use a central-battery design and was the pinnacle of naval technology at the time. Along with Beauclare was two ships-of-the-line, two ironclad frigates and a miriad of other wooden warships. A convoy of forty auxiliary ships carried supplies and troops. Admiral Carrin-Jones had served in the previous Imperial-Balonic War and, though an accomplished officer, had never commanded an expedition of such size before. Many did not consider him the best man for the job but, with a lack of experienced alternatives, the Admiralty gave him the command. The force which he had command of, 13 warships in total, was far in advance of the mostly wooden Balonic Navy of the day but did not have the numbers to effect a major blockade. Though more ships were available, most were kept in reserve in case of another continental conflict.

Military advisors to the Cabinet were not taken by the plan to take back Fort Edward. They eventually came to the conclusion that, in order for the fort to be held, that Bradwater would have to be seized as well. Therefore, the expedition had to be expanded to include the Imperial Army. Lord Lynwood, then Secretary for the Army, was ordered to arrange a force of roughly corps-size to take Bradwater. Immediately, a plan based on the wish to win a symbolic victory and maintain the prewar status-quo had expanded to the invasion and occupation of a major Balonic settlement. Though uneasy, the military authorities complied and put together a potent force consisting of the Guards Division, the Glynmoran Division, the Ballaetan Brigade and the Frankenlisch Cavalry Division. Organised into the Imperial Balion Corps, the force also carried a large supply train, an artillery component of 42 guns and a significant contingent of the Royal Engineers.

Command of the IBC was given to the Marquess of Tevetdale, an experienced general who served in the army of the Kingdom of Ballaeter in the War of the Vionnan Coalition. Alexander MacCernau was a strong and diligent man in his early fifties, though he had fought fiercely against the Vionna-Frankenlischian invasion of his county, he was actually in favour of integration and was well-liked at the Court of Saint Romulus. The IBC numbered around 40,000 men in total. Embarkation began on 16th April and the fleet set out from Frankenlisch two days later.

Issues in Balion

In contrast to the swift amassing of forces enacted by Vionna-Frankenlisch, Balion's own movements were overshadowed by political struggles at home. The 1871 Presidential Election had just ended and the controversial Union Party candidate, Abraham Larkinge, became the 14th President of Balion. This outcome was welcomed in many states as Larkinge was a stout opposer of secession and was seen as the strong leader required to prevent the breakup of the Union. However, in many southern states, the new president was not popular. Popular opinion in those states were that Larkinge's government would not be the conciliatory one they hoped for. Though secession was popular, most ardent secessionists preferred the idea of greater state and commonwealth power within the Union, very few actually advocated the breakup of the Union entirely.

The first edict of the Larkinge government was the withdrawal of the Return Order of 1844, a presidential order that mandated the return of slaves that had escaped north. Though the government assured that a new piece of legislation would be drafted to replace the Order, the damage was already done. Larkinge was widely criticised for focusing on dividing the Union further rather than combating Vionna-Frankenlischian aggression. Some historians consider the attack on Fort Edward to be an overreaction to political pressure but this cannot be fully verified. The abolitionist movement in Balion was delighted by the repeal of the Order and the Union Party recieved record political donations from abolitionist groups.

When mobilisation eventually began against Vionna-Frankenlisch, the situation was heavily confused as secessionists in the south were unnerved by federal military movements. A mobilisation order was given on 18th April known as the General Muster of 1871. According to the General Muster, the state militias would muster by Commonwealth. On the 20th of April, the militias of the Commonwealth of Columbia would muster, followed by those of the Commonwealth of Oakcliffe on the 22nd, then the Commonwealth of New Vionna on the 26th, the Commonwealth of New Ceasia on the 28th, and finally the then-called Central Native Commonwealth on the 30th. The General Muster was met with great suspicion in the south. Many were confused by the seemingly pointless gap between musters in the northern and southern states and some more extreme secessionist politicians began suspecting a surprise invasion of the southern states by northern troops. The sudden reinforcement of federal forts and military emplacements in the south, a perfectly routine move considering the outbreak of war, only served to heighten tensions even further. President Larkinge and several of his top advisors appeared before the Senate on 23rd April and gave what was considered to be a thoroughly unsatisfactory and evasive performance in the face of heavy questioning by southern senators.

At the time of the breakout of war the Union Navy was far behind the Imperial Navy but could still muster significant force. This included three ships-of-the-line, eight heavy frigates and about thirty sloops-of-war and corvettes. Along with the General Muster, the Union Naval Order of 1871 gave the Secretariat of the Navy permission to press ships into service and issue letters of marque.