Rhavanese language: Difference between revisions
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Nhai is the official language of [[Rhava]] and is a part of the [[Huang]] family tree. Nhai is separated into to writing scripts, ancient and standard. In modern day cities only standard is taught, but in rural areas ancient is taught. | Nhai is the official language of [[Rhava]] and is a part of the [[Huang]] family tree. Nhai is separated into to writing scripts, ancient and standard. In modern day cities only standard is taught, but in rural areas ancient is taught. | ||
==Rhavanese | ==Rhavanese Letters== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size: 90%" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size: 90%" | ||
|+ Common | |+ Common Rhavanese rimes {{ref|Notes|[Notes]}} | ||
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | | ! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | | ||
! Zero coda | ! Zero coda | ||
| Line 193: | Line 193: | ||
{{note|Notes| Notes:}} | {{note|Notes| Notes:}} | ||
* Less common rimes may not be represented in this table. | * Less common rimes may not be represented in this table. | ||
* The ''nặng'' tone mark (dot below) has been added to all rimes in this table for illustration purposes only. It indicates which letter tone marks in general are added to, largely according to the "new style" rules of | * The ''nặng'' tone mark (dot below) has been added to all rimes in this table for illustration purposes only. It indicates which letter tone marks in general are added to, largely according to the "new style" rules of Rhavanese orthography as stated in [[:vi:Quy tắc đặt dấu thanh trong chữ quốc ngữ#Ki.E1.BB.83u m.E1.BB.9Bi|Quy tắc đặt dấu thanh trong chữ quốc ngữ]]. In practice, not all these rimes have real words or syllables that have the ''nặng'' tone. | ||
{{refend}} | |||
{{ | ==Rhavanese Phonetics== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Name | |||
! Description | |||
!Contour | |||
! Diacritic | |||
! Example | |||
! Sample vowel | |||
|- | |||
| '''ngang''' 'level' | |||
| mid level | |||
|˧ | |||
| align="center" | <small>(no mark)</small> | |||
| ''ma'' 'ghost' | |||
| align="center" | {{Audio|Vi ngang tone.ogg|a}} | |||
|- | |||
| '''huyền''' 'deep' | |||
| low falling (often breathy) | |||
|˨˩ | |||
| align="center" | {{IPA|◌̀}} ([[grave accent]]) | |||
| ''mà'' 'but' | |||
| align="center" | {{Audio|Vi huyen tone.ogg|à}} | |||
|- | |||
| '''sắc''' 'sharp' | |||
| high rising | |||
|˧˥ | |||
| align="center" | {{IPA|◌́}} ([[acute accent]]) | |||
| ''má'' 'cheek, mother (southern)' | |||
| align="center" | {{Audio|Vi sac tone.ogg|á}} | |||
|- | |||
| '''hỏi''' 'questioning' | |||
| mid dipping-rising | |||
|˧˩˧ | |||
| align="center" | {{IPA|◌̉}} ([[hook above]]) | |||
| ''mả'' 'tomb, grave' | |||
| align="center" | {{Audio|Vi hoi tone.ogg|ả}} | |||
|- | |||
| '''ngã''' 'tumbling' | |||
| creaky high breaking-rising | |||
|˧ˀ˦˥ | |||
| align="center" | {{IPA|◌̃}} ([[tilde]]) | |||
| ''mã'' 'horse (Sino-Vietnamese), code' | |||
| align="center" | {{Audio|Vi nga tone.ogg|ã}} | |||
|- | |||
| '''nặng''' 'heavy' | |||
| creaky low falling constricted (short length) | |||
|˨˩ˀ | |||
| align="center" | {{IPA|◌̣}} ([[dot (diacritic)|dot below]]) | |||
| ''mạ'' 'rice seedling' | |||
| align="center" | {{Audio|Vi nang tone.ogg|ạ}} | |||
|} | |||
Revision as of 13:39, 4 July 2021
 | This article is incomplete because it is pending further input from participants, or it is a work-in-progress by one author. Please comment on this article's talk page to share your input, comments and questions. Note: To contribute to this article, you may need to seek help from the author(s) of this page. |
| Nhai | |
|---|---|
| Rhavanese, Rhavan Speak | |
| Native to |  Rhava |
| Ethnicity | Rhavanese |
Native speakers | 30,000,000 |
Huang
| |
Standard forms | Northern (standard script)
|
| Dialects |
|
| Official status | |
Official language in |  Rhava |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
Nhai is the official language of Rhava and is a part of the Huang family tree. Nhai is separated into to writing scripts, ancient and standard. In modern day cities only standard is taught, but in rural areas ancient is taught.
Rhavanese Letters
| Zero coda | Off-glide coda | Nasal consonant coda | Stop consonant coda | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ∅ | /j/ | /w/ | /m/ | /n/ | /ŋ/ | /p/ | /t/ | /k/ | ||
| Vowel nucleus | /ă/ | ạy [ăj] |
ạu [ăw] |
ặm [ăm] |
ặn [ăn] |
ặng [ăŋ] |
ặp [ăp] |
ặt [ăt] |
ặc [ăk] | |
| /a/ | ạ, (gi)à, (gi)ả, (gi)ã, (gi)á [a] |
ại [aj] |
ạo [aw] |
ạm [am] |
ạn [an] |
ạng [aŋ] |
ạp [ap] |
ạt [at] |
ạc [ak] | |
| /ɛ/ | ẹ [ɛ] |
ẹo [ɛw] |
ẹm [ɛm] |
ẹn [ɛn] |
ạnh [ăjŋ] |
ẹp [ɛp] |
ẹt [ɛt] |
ạch [ăjk] | ||
| /ɔ/ | ọ [ɔ] |
ọi [ɔj] |
ọm [ɔm] |
ọn [ɔn] |
ọng [ăwŋ] |
ọp [ɔp] |
ọt [ɔt] |
ọc [ăwk] | ||
| /ə̆/ | ậy [ə̆j] |
ậu [ə̆w] |
ậm [ə̆m] |
ận [ə̆n] |
ậng [ə̆ŋ] |
ập [ə̆p] |
ật [ə̆t] |
ậc [ə̆k] | ||
| /ə/ | ợ [ə] |
ợi [əj] |
ợm [əm] |
ợn [ən] |
ợp [əp] |
ợt [ət] |
||||
| /e/ | ệ [e] |
ệu [ew] |
ệm [em] |
ện [en] |
ệnh [ə̆jŋ] |
ệp [ep] |
ệt [et] |
ệch [ə̆jk] | ||
| /o/ | ộ [o] |
ội [oj] |
ộm [om] |
ộn [on] |
ộng [ə̆wŋ] |
ộp [op] |
ột [ot] |
ộc [ə̆wk] | ||
| /i/ | ị, ỵ [i] |
ịu [iw] |
ịm, ỵm [im] |
ịn [in] |
ịnh [iŋ] |
ịp, ỵp [ip] |
ịt [it] |
ịch, ỵch [ik] | ||
| /ɨ/ | ự [ɨ] |
ựi [ɨj] |
ựu [ɨw] |
ựng [ɨŋ] |
ựt [ɨt] |
ực [ɨk] | ||||
| /u/ | ụ [u] |
ụi [uj] |
ụm [um] |
ụn [un] |
ụng [uŋ] |
ụp [up] |
ụt [ut] |
ục [uk] | ||
| /iə/ | ịa, (g)ịa, ỵa [iə] |
iệu, yệu [iəw] |
iệm, yệm [iəm] |
iện, yện [iən] |
iệng, yệng [iəŋ] |
iệp, yệp [iəp] |
iệt, yệt [iət] |
iệc [iək] | ||
| /ɨə/ | ựa [ɨə] |
ượi [ɨəj] |
ượu [ɨəw] |
ượm [ɨəm] |
ượn [ɨən] |
ượng [ɨəŋ] |
ượp [ɨəp] |
ượt [ɨət] |
ược [ɨək] | |
| /uə/ | ụa [uə] |
uội [uəj] |
uộm [uəm] |
uộn [uən] |
uộng [uəŋ] |
uột [uət] |
uộc [uək] | |||
| Labiovelar on-glide followed by vowel nucleus | /ʷă/ | oạy, (q)uạy [ʷăj] |
oặm, (q)uặm [ʷăm] |
oặn, (q)uặn [ʷăn] |
oặng, (q)uặng [ʷăŋ] |
oặp, (q)uặp [ʷăp] |
oặt, (q)uặt [ʷăt] |
oặc, (q)uặc [ʷăk] | ||
| /ʷa/ | oạ, (q)uạ [ʷa] |
oại, (q)uại [ʷaj] |
oạo, (q)uạo [ʷaw] |
oạm, (q)uạm [ʷam] |
oạn, (q)uạn [ʷan] |
oạng, (q)uạng [ʷaŋ] |
oạp, (q)uạp [ʷap] |
oạt, (q)uạt [ʷat] |
oạc, (q)uạc [ʷak] | |
| /ʷɛ/ | oẹ, (q)uẹ [ʷɛ] |
oẹo, (q)uẹo [ʷɛw] |
oẹm, (q)uẹm [ʷɛm] |
oẹn, (q)uẹn [ʷɛn] |
oạnh, (q)uạnh [ʷăjŋ] |
oẹt, (q)uẹt [ʷɛt] |
oạch, (q)uạch [ʷăjk] | |||
| /ʷə̆/ | uậy [ʷə̆j] |
uận [ʷə̆n] |
uậng [ʷə̆ŋ] |
uật [ʷə̆t] |
||||||
| /ʷə/ | uợ [ʷə] |
|||||||||
| /ʷe/ | uệ [ʷe] |
uệu [ʷew] |
uện [ʷen] |
uệnh [ʷə̆jŋ] |
uệt [ʷet] |
uệch [ʷə̆jk] | ||||
| /ʷi/ | uỵ [ʷi] |
uỵu [ʷiw] |
uỵn [ʷin] |
uỵnh [ʷiŋ] |
uỵp [ʷip] |
uỵt [ʷit] |
uỵch [ʷik] | |||
| /ʷiə/ | uỵa [ʷiə] |
uyện [ʷiən] |
uyệt [ʷiət] |
|||||||
| Tone | a /a/, à /â/, á /ǎ/, ả /a᷉/, ã /ǎˀ/, ạ /âˀ/ | á /á/, ạ /à/ | ||||||||
- Less common rimes may not be represented in this table.
- The nặng tone mark (dot below) has been added to all rimes in this table for illustration purposes only. It indicates which letter tone marks in general are added to, largely according to the "new style" rules of Rhavanese orthography as stated in Quy tắc đặt dấu thanh trong chữ quốc ngữ. In practice, not all these rimes have real words or syllables that have the nặng tone.
Rhavanese Phonetics
| Name | Description | Contour | Diacritic | Example | Sample vowel |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ngang 'level' | mid level | ˧ | (no mark) | ma 'ghost' |  a (help·info)
|
| huyền 'deep' | low falling (often breathy) | ˨˩ | ◌̀ (grave accent) | mà 'but' | à (help·info)
|
| sắc 'sharp' | high rising | ˧˥ | ◌́ (acute accent) | má 'cheek, mother (southern)' | á (help·info)
|
| hỏi 'questioning' | mid dipping-rising | ˧˩˧ | ◌̉ (hook above) | mả 'tomb, grave' | ả (help·info)
|
| ngã 'tumbling' | creaky high breaking-rising | ˧ˀ˦˥ | ◌̃ (tilde) | mã 'horse (Sino-Vietnamese), code' | ã (help·info)
|
| nặng 'heavy' | creaky low falling constricted (short length) | ˨˩ˀ | ◌̣ (dot below) | mạ 'rice seedling' | ạ (help·info)
|