Social Democrat Party (Sainte-Chloé): Difference between revisions

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===Deuxième Chambre===
===Deuxième Chambre===
It is important to note that in the Deuxième, there are only 28 Partisan seats, which every provincial legislature appoints 4 seats to appoint from. The remaining 37 seats are non partisan and either appointed by the President or reserved for the country's Bishops. Majority here signifies the possession of 15 or more seats of the elected parliament seats.  
It is important to note that in the Deuxième Chambre, not every seat is up for election. 30 of the 65 seats are "life-seats", or seats held by members for life or until resignation. These seats may be partisan. Every term, the newly elected President appoints 20 new Senators to fill in the office for six years; of these seats, 10 must be non-partisan, meaning at most 10 may be partisan selections. The final 15 are reserved for the country's Bishops and territorial abbots, who are non-partisan. Majority refers to a working majority while plurality refers to the holding of the highest amount of partisan seats in the Chambre.


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; line-height:16px;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; line-height:16px;"
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" style="width:60px;"| Election
! rowspan="2" style="width:60px;"| Election
! colspan="2"| [[Deuxième Chambre of Sainte-Chloé|Deuxième Chambre]]
! colspan="4"| [[Senate (Sainte-Chloé)#Deuxième Chambre|Deuxième Chambre]]
! rowspan="2" style="width:30px;"| Rank
! rowspan="2" style="width:30px;"| Rank
! rowspan="2" style="width:145px;"| Government
! rowspan="2" style="width:145px;"| Government
! rowspan="2"| Deuxième Leader
! rowspan="2"| Deuxième Leader
|-
|-
! style="width:100px;"| Seats won
! style="width:100px;"| Life Seats
! style="width:100px;"| Term Seats
! style="width:100px;"| Total Seats
! style="width:40px;"| +/−
! style="width:40px;"| +/−
|-
|-
! align="center"|1966
! align="center"|1966
| {{Composition bar|12|65|hex=#ff1700}}
| {{Composition bar|0|30|hex=#ff1700}}
| {{increase}} 12
| {{Composition bar|10|20|hex=#ff1700}}
| {{Composition bar|10|65|hex=#ff1700}}
| {{increase}} 10
| '''#2''' {{increase}}
| '''#2''' {{increase}}
| style="background:#fcc;"| Elected minority
| style="background:#fcc;"| Minority
| [[Charles Chellon]]
| [[Charles Chellon]]
|-
|-
! align="center"|1972
! align="center"|1972
| {{Composition bar|8|65|hex=#ff1700}}
| {{Composition bar|3|30|hex=#ff1700}}
| {{decrease}} 4
| {{Composition bar|0|20|hex=#ff1700}}
| {{Composition bar|3|65|hex=#ff1700}}
| {{decrease}} 7
| '''#2''' {{steady}}
| '''#2''' {{steady}}
| style="background:#fcc;"| Elected minority
| style="background:#fcc;"| Minority
| [[Charles Chellon]]
| [[Charles Chellon]]
|-
|-
! align="center"|1978
! align="center"|1978
| {{Composition bar|12|65|hex=#ff1700}}
| {{Composition bar|3|30|hex=#ff1700}}
| {{increase}} 4
| {{Composition bar|0|20|hex=#ff1700}}
| {{Composition bar|3|65|hex=#ff1700}}
| {{steady}} 0
| '''#2''' {{steady}}
| '''#2''' {{steady}}
| style="background:#fcc;"| Elected minority
| style="background:#fcc;"| Minority
| [[Louis Nofert]]
| [[Louis Nofert]]
|-
|-
! align="center"|1984
! align="center"|1984
| {{Composition bar|4|65|hex=#ff1700}}
| {{Composition bar|3|30|hex=#ff1700}}
| {{decrease}} 12
| {{Composition bar|0|20|hex=#ff1700}}
| {{Composition bar|3|65|hex=#ff1700}}
| {{steady}} 0
| '''#2''' {{steady}}
| '''#2''' {{steady}}
| style="background:#fcc;"| Elected minority
| style="background:#fcc;"| Minority
| [[Gaston d'Renlie]]
| [[Gaston d'Renlie]]
|-
|-
! align="center"|1990
! align="center"|1990
| {{Composition bar|0|65|hex=#ff1700}}
| {{Composition bar|3|30|hex=#ff1700}}
| {{decrease}} 4
| {{Composition bar|0|20|hex=#ff1700}}
| '''-''' {{decrease}}
| {{Composition bar|3|65|hex=#ff1700}}
| style="background:#fcc;"| No representation
| {{steady}} 0
| N/A
| '''#2''' {{steady}}
| style="background:#fcc;"| Minority
| [[René Gagné]]
|-
|-
! align="center"|1996
! align="center"|1996
| {{Composition bar|8|65|hex=#ff1700}}
| {{Composition bar|3|30|hex=#ff1700}}
| {{increase}} 8
| {{Composition bar|0|20|hex=#ff1700}}
| '''#2''' {{increase}}
| {{Composition bar|3|65|hex=#ff1700}}
| style="background:#fcc;"| Elected minority
| {{steady}} 0
| '''#2''' {{steady}}
| style="background:#fcc;"| Minority
| [[René Gagné]]
| [[René Gagné]]
|-
|-
! align="center"|2002
! align="center"|2002
| {{Composition bar|16|65|hex=#ff1700}}
| {{Composition bar|2|30|hex=#ff1700}}
| {{increase}} 8
| {{Composition bar|10|20|hex=#ff1700}}
| '''#1''' {{increase}}
| {{Composition bar|12|65|hex=#ff1700}}
| style="background:#cfc;"| Elected majority
| {{increase}} 9
| '''#2''' {{steady}}
| style="background:#fcc;"| Minority
| [[Claude Bascet]]
| [[Claude Bascet]]
|-
|-
! align="center"|2008
! align="center"|2008
| {{Composition bar|8|65|hex=#ff1700}}
| {{Composition bar|12|30|hex=#ff1700}}
| {{decrease}} 8
| {{Composition bar|0|20|hex=#ff1700}}
| '''#2''' {{decrease}}
| {{Composition bar|12|65|hex=#ff1700}}
| style="background:#fcc;"| Elected minority
| {{steady}} 0
| '''#2''' {{steady}}
| style="background:#fcc;"| Minority
| [[Claude Bascet]]
| [[Claude Bascet]]
|-
|-
! align="center"|2014
! align="center"|2014
| {{Composition bar|8|65|hex=#ff1700}}
| {{Composition bar|11|30|hex=#ff1700}}
| {{Composition bar|0|20|hex=#ff1700}}
| {{Composition bar|11|65|hex=#ff1700}}
| {{steady}} 0
| {{steady}} 0
| '''#2''' {{steady}}
| '''#2''' {{steady}}
| style="background:#fcc;"| Elected minority
| style="background:#fcc;"| Minority
| [[Maria Suavern]]
| [[Maria Suavern]]
|-
|-
! align="center"|2020
! align="center"|2020
| {{Composition bar|12|65|hex=#ff1700}}
| {{Composition bar|9|30|hex=#ff1700}}
| {{Composition bar|0|20|hex=#ff1700}}
| {{Composition bar|9|65|hex=#ff1700}}
| {{increase}} 4
| {{increase}} 4
| '''#2''' {{steady}}
| '''#2''' {{steady}}
| style="background:#fcc;"| Elected minority
| style="background:#fcc;"| Minority
| [[Chloé Monroyal]]
| [[Chloé Monroyal]]
|}
|}


==Criticism==
==Criticism==

Revision as of 05:03, 19 March 2023

Parti Social-Démocrate
AbbreviationPSD
Leader of OppositionJean-Luc Vallette
Party ChairFrançoise Dudamel
Party PresidentCharles Bourgent
FounderClaude Bourgent
Martin Célestin
Founded3 May 1961
Merger ofDemocratic Party and Socialist Party
NewspaperLiberté (Democrat)
L'égalité pour Tous (Socialist)
Membership (2020)Decrease 356,510
IdeologySocial liberalism
Secularism
Democratic:
Economic liberalism
Neoliberalism
Socialist:
Social Democracy
Democratic socialism
Political positionCentre-left (From Centre to Left)
Colours  Red
Slogan"Libération de la Servitude"
(Freedom from Slavery)
Chamber of Commons
66 / 179
Deuxième Chambre
12 / 65
Provincial Governments
249 / 643

The Social Democratic Party (Gaullican: Parti Social-Démocrate), often abbreviated as the PSD, is a centre-left political party in Sainte-Chloé. It is one of Sainte-Chloé's two major parties alongside with its main rival, the Catholic Labour Party. It is and has historically been the opposition party in Sainte-Chloé's two-party system.

Founded in 1961 as a merger between the Democratic Party and Socialist Party to act as a united front against the Catholic Labour Party, the Social Democratic Party marked itself from early on as an oppositional party in nature, and has remained from then the only party able to challenge the Catholic Democratic Party in Chloéois politics. The party was able to first come into power in 1965 after the sugar magnates forced the President to call for snap elections; however, the Party failed to solve the economic problems of the Sugar Crash, and were voted out of government in 1969. Regaining control of the government in 1977, they also suffered under the economic crisis of 1980 and were again voted out. They would not regain the government until 1997, which they would hold until 2008, when the great recession led to snap elections that would oust the government. This was the longest contigious period of government in the party's history, and had them winning three straight regular elections. In 2020, Henri Montas would lead the party to a 246 day government, before economic upheaval and civil unrest forced snap elections of 2021, again pushing the Social Democrats out of power. Currently, the PSD is the only opposition party in the Chloéois Parliament, holding a total of 66 seats in the Chamber of Commons and 8 out of 28 elected seats in the Senate.

The party's primary identity is that of opposition to the Catholic Labour Party, although it also has ideological influences as well. The party is united in promoting socially liberal policies, such as the legalization of abortion and recognition of same-sex marriage, and is also committed to fully secularizing the country. In addition, the party is not as pro-Gaullican as the PCT and rather tends to be anti-colonialist in order to distance the country from the Gaullican parts of its heritage. In addition, the party is generally globalist, supporting increased cooperation with the other countries of the Asterias or the AIS. However, the party still retains economic divisions based around the original two parties, and is divided between the interests of the Democratic wing of the Party, which favours economic liberalism, privatisation of the economy, deregulation and the free market, and the Socialist wing of the party, which seeks to promote social democracy and eventually see the country's transition to democratic socialism. This historically has resulted in inner party conflict and leadership crises. Historically, the two factions have compromised, with Presidential candidates taken from the Democratic wing and Premiers from the Socialist wing. The party mostly draws its support from the wealthy elite, who support Democratic candidates, while some secular trade unions or socially liberal groups support socialist candidates.

Historically, the party has been greatly overshadowed by the Catholic Labour Party, and has only controlled a government for 19 years of the Republic's history, in comparison to 47 years of the Catholic Labour Party. 3 out of the country's 9 Presidents were from the PSD, but none ever served more than one term, whereas the Catholic Labour Party has had three Presidents serve two terms. This has led some to comment that it is a "failed party", especially after the short period of Montas's government destroyed the momentum which the party had been building for years. In addition, the PSD historically has recieved the blame for being responsible for mismanaging the country's financial crises throughout the history of the Republic, which is partially attributed to its divided economic nature. Its divided economic nature has also led to mixed reactions on an international scale, with some socialist or liberal groups refusing to align with them on account of what political philosopher Charles Devoix called an "inherent contradiction in the very heart of the party".

History

Origins

Economic Crises

Decline and Resurgence

Contemporary History

Ideology

Organization

Leaders

Electoral Results

Presidential Elections

Election Party candidate Votes % Result
1966 Martin Célestin XXXX 49.67% Elected Green tickY
1972 XXXX 46.43% Lost Red XN
1978 Henri Bordin XXXX 49.63% Elected Green tickY
1984 Gaston d'Renlie XXXX 41.28% Lost Red XN
1990 Michel Sarsberry XXXX 40.13% Lost Red XN
1996 Claude Benegar XXXX 24.39% Lost Red XN
2002 René Gagné XXXX 38.44% Elected Green tickY
2008 XXXX 40.04% Lost Red XN
2014 Genevieve Naston XXXX 45.31% Lost Red XN
2020 Maria Suavern XXXX 48.67% Lost Red XN

Chamber of Commons

Election Chamber of Commons Rank Government Commons Leader
Votes % ±pp Seats won +/−
1962 XXXX XX.XX% New
20 / 95
Increase 20 #2 Increase Opposition Claude Bourgent
1965 XXXX XX.XX% XX.XX%
61 / 121
Increase41 #1 Increase Majority government Claude Bourgent
1969 XXXX XX.XX% X.XX%
52 / 121
Decrease 9 #2 Decrease Opposition Claude Bourgent
1973 XXXX XX.XX% X.XX%
50 / 121
Decrease 2 #2 Steady Opposition Michel Liberté
1977 XXXX XX.XX% XX.XX%
61 / 121
Increase 11 #1 Increase Majority government Alexandre du Ponte
1981 XXXX XX.XX% X.XX%
42 / 121
Decrease 19 #2 Decrease Opposition Antoine Remont
1985 XXXX XX.XX% X.XX%
43 / 131
Increase 1 #2 Steady Opposition Martin Lofert
1989 XXXX XX.XX% X.XX%
40 / 131
Decrease 3 #2 Steady Opposition Louis Lancel
1993 XXXX XX.XX% X.XX%
42 / 131
Increase 2 #2 Steady Opposition Pierre Citadelle
1997 XXXX XX.XX% XX.XX%
75 / 149
Increase 33 #1 Increase Majority government Jean-Luc Morin
2001 XXXX XX.XX% XX.XX%
81 / 149
Increase 8 #1 Steady Majority government Jean-Luc Morin
2005 XXXX XX.XX% XX.XX%
82 / 161
Increase 1 #1 Steady Majority government Galdys Dubous
2008 XXXX XX.XX% X.XX%
66 / 161
Decrease 16 #2 Decrease Opposition Jean-Luc Morin
2012 XXXX XX.XX% X.XX%
62 / 161
Decrease 4 #2 Steady Opposition Charlotte Bernarde
2016 XXXX XX.XX% X.XX%
80 / 179
Increase 18 #2 Steady Opposition Henri Montas
2020 XXXX XX.XX% XX.XX%
90 / 179
Increase 10 #1 Increase Majority government Henri Montas
2021 XXXX XX.XX% X.XX%
66 / 179
Decrease 24 #2 Decrease Opposition Jean-Luc Vallette

Deuxième Chambre

It is important to note that in the Deuxième Chambre, not every seat is up for election. 30 of the 65 seats are "life-seats", or seats held by members for life or until resignation. These seats may be partisan. Every term, the newly elected President appoints 20 new Senators to fill in the office for six years; of these seats, 10 must be non-partisan, meaning at most 10 may be partisan selections. The final 15 are reserved for the country's Bishops and territorial abbots, who are non-partisan. Majority refers to a working majority while plurality refers to the holding of the highest amount of partisan seats in the Chambre.

Election Deuxième Chambre Rank Government Deuxième Leader
Life Seats Term Seats Total Seats +/−
1966
0 / 30
10 / 20
10 / 65
Increase 10 #2 Increase Minority Charles Chellon
1972
3 / 30
0 / 20
3 / 65
Decrease 7 #2 Steady Minority Charles Chellon
1978
3 / 30
0 / 20
3 / 65
Steady 0 #2 Steady Minority Louis Nofert
1984
3 / 30
0 / 20
3 / 65
Steady 0 #2 Steady Minority Gaston d'Renlie
1990
3 / 30
0 / 20
3 / 65
Steady 0 #2 Steady Minority René Gagné
1996
3 / 30
0 / 20
3 / 65
Steady 0 #2 Steady Minority René Gagné
2002
2 / 30
10 / 20
12 / 65
Increase 9 #2 Steady Minority Claude Bascet
2008
12 / 30
0 / 20
12 / 65
Steady 0 #2 Steady Minority Claude Bascet
2014
11 / 30
0 / 20
11 / 65
Steady 0 #2 Steady Minority Maria Suavern
2020
9 / 30
0 / 20
9 / 65
Increase 4 #2 Steady Minority Chloé Monroyal

Criticism