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=Writing System=
=Writing System=
class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
{| class="wikitable"
! {{wp|Latin}}
! {{wp|Cyrillic}}
! Name
! {{wp|International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA}}
! Notes
|-
| A a
| А а
| a
| /a/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
| {{color|#808080|B b}}
| {{color|#808080|Б б}}
| bë
| /b̥/
| only in foreign loanwords
|-
| C c
| Ц ц
| cë
| /t͡s/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
| C' c'
| Цъ цъ
| c'ë
| /t͡sʼ/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
| Ch ch
| Ч ч
| chë
| /t͡ʃ/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
| Ch' ch'
| Чъ чъ
| ch'ë
| /t͡ʃʼ/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
| {{color|#808080|D d}}
| {{color|#808080|Д д}}
| dë
| /d̥/
| only in foreign loanwords
|-
| E e
| Е е
| e
| /ɛ/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
| Ë ë
| Ы ы
| ë
| /ɨ̞/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
| {{color|#808080|F f}}
| {{color|#808080|Ф ф}}
| ef
| /p~f/
| only in foreign loanwords
|-
| G g
| Г г
| gë
| /ʁ/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
| Gw gw
| Гў гў
| gë wa
| /ʁʷ/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
| {{color|#808080|H h}}
| {{color|#808080|(Ъ ъ)}}
| xash
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| used in {{wp|Digraph (orthography)|digraphs}}
|-
| I i
| И и
| i
| /i/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
| {{color|#808080|J j}}
| {{color|#808080|Дж дж}}
| jë
| /d̥͡ʒ̊/
| only in foreign loanwords
|-
| K k
| К к
| kë
| /k/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
| K' k'
| Къ къ
| k'ë
| /kʼ/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
| Kw kw
| Кў кў
| kë wa
| /kʷ/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
| Kw' kw'
| Къў къў
| k'ë wa
| /kʼʷ/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
| L l
| Л л
| el
| /ɬ/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
| M m
| М м
| em
| /m/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
| N n
| Н н
| en
| /n/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
| O o
| О о
| o
| /o/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
| P p
| П п
| pë
| /p/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
| P' p'
| Пъ пъ
| p'ë
| /pʼ/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
| {{color|#808080|Q q}}
| {{color|#808080|Кў кў}}
| që
| /kʷ/
| only in foreign loanwords
|-
| R r
| Р р
| rë
| /ɾ~r/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
| S s
| С с
| së
| /s/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
| Sh sh
| Ш ш
| shë
| /ʃ/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
| T t
| Т т
| të
| /t/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
| T' t'
| Тъ тъ
| t'ë
| /tʼ/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
| Tl tl
| Тл тл
| tlë
| /t͡ɬ/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
| Tl' tl
| Тлъ тлъ
| tl'ë
| /t͡ɬʼ/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
| U u
| У у
| u
| /u/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
| {{color|#808080|V v}}
| {{color|#808080|В в}}
| vë
| /w~v/
| only in foreign loanwords
|-
| W w
| Ў ў
| wa
| /w/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
| X x
| Х х
| xë
| /x/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
| Xw xw
| Хў хў
| xë wa
| /xʷ/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
| Xh xh
| Хъ хъ
| xhë
| /χ/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
| Xhw xhw
| хъў хъў
| xhë wa
| /χʷ/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
| Y y
| Й й
| yë
| /j/
| as first letter of a word, or after vowels
|-
| {{color|#808080|'}}
| Ъ ъ
| ka yer
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| used in {{wp|Digraph (orthography)|digraphs}}
|-
| {{color|#808080|Y y}}
| Ь ь
| shëm yer
| /◌ʲ/
| only after consonants
|-
| {{color|#808080|Z z}}
| {{color|#808080|З з}}
| zë
| /s~z~t͡s/
| only in foreign loanwords
|-
|}
=Grammar=
=Grammar=
==Syntax==
==Syntax==

Revision as of 20:55, 16 November 2021

Kamak
Native to Qazhshava
RegionKamak Islands
EthnicityKamaks
Latin
Cyrillic
Language codes
ISO 639-3

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Post-
Alveolar
Palatal Velar Uvular
plain sibilant lateral plain labial plain labial
Plosive/
Affricate
plain p ⟨p⟩ t ⟨t⟩ t͡s ⟨ts⟩ t͡ɬ ⟨tl⟩ t͡ʃ ⟨ch⟩ k ⟨k⟩ ⟨kw⟩
ejective ⟨pʼ⟩ ⟨tʼ⟩ t͡sʼ ⟨tsʼ⟩ t͡ɬʼ ⟨tlʼ⟩ t͡ʃʼ ⟨chʼ⟩ ⟨kʼ⟩ kʷʼ ⟨kwʼ⟩
Fricative plain s ⟨s⟩ ɬ ⟨l⟩ ʃ ⟨sh⟩ x ⟨x⟩ ⟨xw⟩ χ ⟨xh⟩ χʷ ⟨xhw⟩
voiced ʁ ⟨gh⟩ ʁʷ ⟨ghw⟩
Sonorant m ⟨m⟩ n ⟨n⟩ j ⟨y⟩ w ⟨w⟩
Trill/Tap ɾ~r ⟨r⟩

Vowels

Front Central back
Close i ⟨i⟩ ɨ̞ ⟨y⟩ u ⟨u⟩
Mid ɛ ⟨e⟩ o ⟨o⟩
Open a ⟨a⟩

Writing System

class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"

Latin Cyrillic Name IPA Notes
A a А а a /a/
B b Б б /b̥/ only in foreign loanwords
C c Ц ц /t͡s/
C' c' Цъ цъ c'ë /t͡sʼ/
Ch ch Ч ч chë /t͡ʃ/
Ch' ch' Чъ чъ ch'ë /t͡ʃʼ/
D d Д д /d̥/ only in foreign loanwords
E e Е е e /ɛ/
Ë ë Ы ы ë /ɨ̞/
F f Ф ф ef /p~f/ only in foreign loanwords
G g Г г /ʁ/
Gw gw Гў гў gë wa /ʁʷ/
H h (Ъ ъ) xash used in digraphs
I i И и i /i/
J j Дж дж /d̥͡ʒ̊/ only in foreign loanwords
K k К к /k/
K' k' Къ къ k'ë /kʼ/
Kw kw Кў кў kë wa /kʷ/
Kw' kw' Къў къў k'ë wa /kʼʷ/
L l Л л el /ɬ/
M m М м em /m/
N n Н н en /n/
O o О о o /o/
P p П п /p/
P' p' Пъ пъ p'ë /pʼ/
Q q Кў кў /kʷ/ only in foreign loanwords
R r Р р /ɾ~r/
S s С с /s/
Sh sh Ш ш shë /ʃ/
T t Т т /t/
T' t' Тъ тъ t'ë /tʼ/
Tl tl Тл тл tlë /t͡ɬ/
Tl' tl Тлъ тлъ tl'ë /t͡ɬʼ/
U u У у u /u/
V v В в /w~v/ only in foreign loanwords
W w Ў ў wa /w/
X x Х х /x/
Xw xw Хў хў xë wa /xʷ/
Xh xh Хъ хъ xhë /χ/
Xhw xhw хъў хъў xhë wa /χʷ/
Y y Й й /j/ as first letter of a word, or after vowels
' Ъ ъ ka yer used in digraphs
Y y Ь ь shëm yer /◌ʲ/ only after consonants
Z z З з /s~z~t͡s/ only in foreign loanwords

Grammar

Syntax

Pronouns

Possessive Pronouns

Nouns

Number

Case

Adjectives and Adverbs

Verbs

"to be"

Tense, Aspect, Mood

Person

Direction

Questions

Derivation

Language Sample