User:Native Qazh/Sandbox5: Difference between revisions
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Line 143: | Line 143: | ||
| A a | | A a | ||
| A a | | A a | ||
| | | a | ||
| /{{IPAlink|a}}/ | | /{{IPAlink|a}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
Line 149: | Line 149: | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|Б б}} | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|Б б}} | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|B b}} | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|B b}} | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | бӹ, bă | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|b}}{{color|#6E6E6E|~}}{{IPA link|p}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}} | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|b}}{{color|#6E6E6E|~}}{{IPA link|p}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}} | ||
| | | Only in foregin words. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|В в}} | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|В в}} | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|V v}} | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|V v}} | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | вӹ, vă | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|w}}{{color|#6E6E6E|~}}{{IPA link|v}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}} | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|w}}{{color|#6E6E6E|~}}{{IPA link|v}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}} | ||
| | | Only in foregin words. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Г г | | Г г | ||
| G g | | G g | ||
| | | гӹ, gă | ||
| /{{IPA link|ɣ}}~{{IPA link|ʁ}}/ | | /{{IPA link|ɣ}}~{{IPA link|ʁ}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
Line 167: | Line 167: | ||
| Гў гў | | Гў гў | ||
| Gw gw | | Gw gw | ||
| | | Гўӹ, гwă | ||
| /{{IPA link|ʁʷ}}~{{IPA link|ɣʷ}}/ | | /{{IPA link|ʁʷ}}~{{IPA link|ɣʷ}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
Line 173: | Line 173: | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Д д}} | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Д д}} | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|D d}} | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|D d}} | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | дӹ, dă | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|d}}{{color|#6E6E6E|~}}{{IPA link|t}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}} | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|d}}{{color|#6E6E6E|~}}{{IPA link|t}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}} | ||
| | | Only in foregin words. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Е е | | Е е | ||
| E e | | E e | ||
| | | e | ||
| /{{IPA link|ɛ}}/ | | /{{IPA link|ɛ}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
Line 185: | Line 185: | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Ж ж}} | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Ж ж}} | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Zh zh}} | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Zh zh}} | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | жӹ, zhă | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|z̻}}{{color|#6E6E6E|~}}{{IPA link|s̻}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}} | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|z̻}}{{color|#6E6E6E|~}}{{IPA link|s̻}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}} | ||
| | | Only in foregin words. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|З з}} | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|З з}} | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Z z}} | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Z z}} | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | зӹ, ză | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|z̻}}{{color|#6E6E6E|~}}{{IPA link|s̻}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}} | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|z̻}}{{color|#6E6E6E|~}}{{IPA link|s̻}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}} | ||
| | | Only in foregin words. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| И и | | И и | ||
| I i | | I i | ||
| | | и, i | ||
| /{{IPA link|i}}/ | | /{{IPA link|i}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
Line 209: | Line 209: | ||
| К к | | К к | ||
| K k | | K k | ||
| | | кӹ, kă | ||
| /{{IPA link|k}}/ | | /{{IPA link|k}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
Line 215: | Line 215: | ||
| Кў кў | | Кў кў | ||
| Kw kw | | Kw kw | ||
| | | кўӹ, kwă | ||
| /{{IPA link|kʷ}}/ | | /{{IPA link|kʷ}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
Line 221: | Line 221: | ||
| К' к' | | К' к' | ||
| K' k' | | K' k' | ||
| | | к'ӹ, k'ă | ||
| /{{IPA link|kʼ}}/ | | /{{IPA link|kʼ}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
Line 227: | Line 227: | ||
| Кў' кў' | | Кў' кў' | ||
| Kw' kw' | | Kw' kw' | ||
| | | кў'ӹ, kw'ă | ||
| /{{IPA link|kʼʷ}}/ | | /{{IPA link|kʼʷ}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
Line 233: | Line 233: | ||
| Л л | | Л л | ||
| L l | | L l | ||
| | | лӹ, lă | ||
| /{{IPA link|l}}/ | | /{{IPA link|l}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
Line 239: | Line 239: | ||
| Лъ лъ | | Лъ лъ | ||
| Lh lh | | Lh lh | ||
| | | лъӹ, lhă | ||
| /{{IPA link|ɬ}}/ | | /{{IPA link|ɬ}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
Line 245: | Line 245: | ||
| М м | | М м | ||
| M m | | M m | ||
| | | мӹ, mă | ||
| /{{IPA link|m}}/ | | /{{IPA link|m}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
Line 251: | Line 251: | ||
| Н н | | Н н | ||
| N n | | N n | ||
| | | нӹ, nă | ||
| /{{IPA link|n}}/ | | /{{IPA link|n}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
Line 257: | Line 257: | ||
| О о | | О о | ||
| O o | | O o | ||
| | | о | ||
| /{{IPA link|o}}/ | | /{{IPA link|o}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
Line 263: | Line 263: | ||
| П п | | П п | ||
| P p | | P p | ||
| | | пӹ, pă | ||
| /{{IPA link|p}}/ | | /{{IPA link|p}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
Line 269: | Line 269: | ||
| П' п' | | П' п' | ||
| P' p' | | P' p' | ||
| | | п'ӹ, p'ă | ||
| /{{IPA link|pʼ}}/ | | /{{IPA link|pʼ}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
Line 275: | Line 275: | ||
| Р р | | Р р | ||
| R r | | R r | ||
| | | рӹ, ră | ||
| /{{IPA link|ɾ}}~{{IPA link|r}}/ | | /{{IPA link|ɾ}}~{{IPA link|r}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
Line 281: | Line 281: | ||
| С с | | С с | ||
| S s | | S s | ||
| | | сӹ, să | ||
| /{{IPA link|s̻}}/ | | /{{IPA link|s̻}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
Line 287: | Line 287: | ||
| Т т | | Т т | ||
| T t | | T t | ||
| | | тӹ, tă | ||
| /{{IPA link|t}}/ | | /{{IPA link|t}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
Line 293: | Line 293: | ||
| Т' т' | | Т' т' | ||
| T' t' | | T' t' | ||
| | | т'ӹ, t'ă | ||
| /{{IPA link|tʼ}}/ | | /{{IPA link|tʼ}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
Line 299: | Line 299: | ||
| Тлъ тлъ | | Тлъ тлъ | ||
| Tlh tlh | | Tlh tlh | ||
| | | тлъӹ, tlhă | ||
| /{{IPA link|t͡ɬ}}/ | | /{{IPA link|t͡ɬ}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
Line 305: | Line 305: | ||
| Тлъ' тлъ' | | Тлъ' тлъ' | ||
| Tlh' tlh' | | Tlh' tlh' | ||
| | | тлъ'ӹ, tlh'ă | ||
| /{{IPA link|t͡ɬʼ}}/ | | /{{IPA link|t͡ɬʼ}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
Line 311: | Line 311: | ||
| У у | | У у | ||
| U u | | U u | ||
| | | у, u | ||
| /{{IPA link|u}}/ | | /{{IPA link|u}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
Line 323: | Line 323: | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Ф ф}} | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Ф ф}} | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|F f}} | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|F f}} | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | фӹ, fă | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|p}}{{color|#6E6E6E|~}}{{IPA link|f}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}} | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|p}}{{color|#6E6E6E|~}}{{IPA link|f}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}} | ||
| | | Only in foregin words. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Х х | | Х х | ||
| X x | | X x | ||
| | | хӹ, xă | ||
| /{{IPA link|x}}/ | | /{{IPA link|x}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
Line 335: | Line 335: | ||
| Хў хў | | Хў хў | ||
| Xw xw | | Xw xw | ||
| | | хўӹ, xwă | ||
| /{{IPA link|xʷ}}/ | | /{{IPA link|xʷ}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
Line 341: | Line 341: | ||
| Хъ хъ | | Хъ хъ | ||
| Xh xh | | Xh xh | ||
| | | хъӹ, xhă | ||
| /{{IPA link|χ}}/ | | /{{IPA link|χ}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
Line 347: | Line 347: | ||
| Хъў хъў | | Хъў хъў | ||
| Xhw xhw | | Xhw xhw | ||
| | | хъўӹ, xhwă | ||
| /{{IPA link|χʷ}}/ | | /{{IPA link|χʷ}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
Line 353: | Line 353: | ||
| Ц ц | | Ц ц | ||
| C c | | C c | ||
| | | цӹ, că | ||
| /{{IPA link|t͡s̻}}/ | | /{{IPA link|t͡s̻}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
Line 359: | Line 359: | ||
| Ц' ц' | | Ц' ц' | ||
| C' c' | | C' c' | ||
| | | ц'ӹ, c'ă | ||
| /{{IPA link|t͡s̻ʼ}}/ | | /{{IPA link|t͡s̻ʼ}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
Line 365: | Line 365: | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Ч ч}} | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Ч ч}} | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Ch ch}} | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Ch ch}} | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | чӹ, chă | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|t͡s̻}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}} | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|t͡s̻}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}} | ||
| | | Only in foregin words. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Ш ш}} | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Ш ш}} | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Sh sh}} | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Sh sh}} | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | шӹ, shă | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|s̻}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}} | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|s̻}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}} | ||
| | | Only in foregin words. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ъ ъ | | Ъ ъ | ||
Line 401: | Line 401: | ||
| Ю ю | | Ю ю | ||
| Yu yu | | Yu yu | ||
| | | ю, yu | ||
| /ju/ | | /ju/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
Line 407: | Line 407: | ||
| Я я | | Я я | ||
| Ya ya | | Ya ya | ||
| | | я, ya | ||
| /ja/ | | /ja/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | |
Revision as of 12:35, 19 November 2021
Kamak | |
---|---|
Native to | Qazhshava |
Region | Kamak Islands |
Ethnicity | Kamaks |
Latin Cyrillic | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | – |
Phonology
Consonants
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plain | sibilant | lateral | plain | labial | plain | labial | ||||
Plosive/ Affricate |
plain | p ⟨p⟩ | t ⟨t⟩ | t͡s̻ ⟨c⟩ | t͡ɬ ⟨tlh⟩ | k ⟨k⟩ | kʷ ⟨kw⟩ | |||
ejective | pʼ ⟨pʼ⟩ | tʼ ⟨tʼ⟩ | t͡s̻ʼ ⟨cʼ⟩ | t͡ɬʼ ⟨tlhʼ⟩ | kʼ ⟨kʼ⟩ | kʼʷ ⟨kwʼ⟩ | ||||
Fricative | plain | s̻ ⟨s⟩ | ɬ ⟨l⟩ | x ⟨x⟩ | xʷ ⟨xw⟩ | χ ⟨xh⟩ | χʷ ⟨xhw⟩ | |||
voiced | ʁ~ɣ ⟨g⟩ | ʁʷ~ɣʷ ⟨gw⟩ | ||||||||
Sonorant | m ⟨m⟩ | n ⟨n⟩ | l ⟨l⟩ | j ⟨y⟩ | w ⟨w⟩ | |||||
Trill/Tap | ɾ~r ⟨r⟩ |
- Plain plosives/affricates vary between voiced, semi-voiced, voiceless and aspirated (allophonic and depending on the speaker)
Vowels
Front | Central | back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i ⟨i⟩ | ɨ̞ ⟨ĕ⟩ | u ⟨u⟩ |
Mid | ɛ ⟨e⟩ | ɤ ⟨ă⟩ | o ⟨o⟩ |
Open | a ⟨a⟩ |
Writing System
class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
class="wikitable sortable"
class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
Cyrillic | Latin | Name | IPA | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
A a | A a | a | /a/ | |
Б б | B b | бӹ, bă | /b~p/ | Only in foregin words. |
В в | V v | вӹ, vă | /w~v/ | Only in foregin words. |
Г г | G g | гӹ, gă | /ɣ~ʁ/ | |
Гў гў | Gw gw | Гўӹ, гwă | /ʁʷ~ɣʷ/ | |
Д д | D d | дӹ, dă | /d~t/ | Only in foregin words. |
Е е | E e | e | /ɛ/ | |
Ж ж | Zh zh | жӹ, zhă | /z̻~s̻/ | Only in foregin words. |
З з | Z z | зӹ, ză | /z̻~s̻/ | Only in foregin words. |
И и | I i | и, i | /i/ | |
Й й | Y y | /j/ | ||
К к | K k | кӹ, kă | /k/ | |
Кў кў | Kw kw | кўӹ, kwă | /kʷ/ | |
К' к' | K' k' | к'ӹ, k'ă | /kʼ/ | |
Кў' кў' | Kw' kw' | кў'ӹ, kw'ă | /kʼʷ/ | |
Л л | L l | лӹ, lă | /l/ | |
Лъ лъ | Lh lh | лъӹ, lhă | /ɬ/ | |
М м | M m | мӹ, mă | /m/ | |
Н н | N n | нӹ, nă | /n/ | |
О о | O o | о | /o/ | |
П п | P p | пӹ, pă | /p/ | |
П' п' | P' p' | п'ӹ, p'ă | /pʼ/ | |
Р р | R r | рӹ, ră | /ɾ~r/ | |
С с | S s | сӹ, să | /s̻/ | |
Т т | T t | тӹ, tă | /t/ | |
Т' т' | T' t' | т'ӹ, t'ă | /tʼ/ | |
Тлъ тлъ | Tlh tlh | тлъӹ, tlhă | /t͡ɬ/ | |
Тлъ' тлъ' | Tlh' tlh' | тлъ'ӹ, tlh'ă | /t͡ɬʼ/ | |
У у | U u | у, u | /u/ | |
Ў ў | W w | /w/ | ||
Ф ф | F f | фӹ, fă | /p~f/ | Only in foregin words. |
Х х | X x | хӹ, xă | /x/ | |
Хў хў | Xw xw | хўӹ, xwă | /xʷ/ | |
Хъ хъ | Xh xh | хъӹ, xhă | /χ/ | |
Хъў хъў | Xhw xhw | хъўӹ, xhwă | /χʷ/ | |
Ц ц | C c | цӹ, că | /t͡s̻/ | |
Ц' ц' | C' c' | ц'ӹ, c'ă | /t͡s̻ʼ/ | |
Ч ч | Ch ch | чӹ, chă | /t͡s̻/ | Only in foregin words. |
Ш ш | Sh sh | шӹ, shă | /s̻/ | Only in foregin words. |
Ъ ъ | H h* | |||
Ы ы | Ĕ ĕ | /ɨ̞/ | ||
Ӹ ӹ | Ă ă | /ɤ/ | ||
Ь ь | Y y | /◌j/ | ||
Ю ю | Yu yu | ю, yu | /ju/ | |
Я я | Ya ya | я, ya | /ja/ |
Grammar
Syntax
SVO (SOV when O is a pronoun) noun like adjectives possessee - possessor adjective - noun prepossitions
Pronouns
Nom | Dat | Gen | Acc | Ins | Loc | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | |||||||
Second | ||||||||
Third | Proximal | |||||||
Distal | ||||||||
Plural | First | |||||||
Second | ||||||||
Third | Proximal | |||||||
Distal |
Nouns
Number
Case
Case | Word | Example | Question |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | |||
Dative | |||
Genetive | |||
Accusitive | |||
Instrumental | |||
Locative |
Adjectives and Adverbs
Verbs
"to be"
Tense, Aspect, Mood
Person
Direction
Questions
Derivation
Affix | Used to create: | Example(s) |
---|---|---|
- | agents from verbs/nouns | |
- | collective nouns | |
- | adjectives/adverbs from nouns/verbs | |
- | adjectives indicating the lack of something | |
- | nouns from adjectives | |
- | diminutives of nouns | |
- | augmentatives of nouns | |
- | locations (places related to the stem) | |
- | inhabitants (of places) | |
- | decendents (of people, or nouns/adjectives) | |
- | decendents (child of) | |
- | languages/dialects |