User:Native Qazh/Sandbox5: Difference between revisions

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! colspan="3" | {{wp|alveolar consonant|Alveolar}}
! colspan="3" | {{wp|alveolar consonant|Alveolar}}
! rowspan="2" | {{wp|palatal consonant|Palatal}}
! rowspan="2" | {{wp|palatal consonant|Palatal}}
! colspan="2" | {{wp|velar consonant|Velar}}
! rowspan="2" | {{wp|velar consonant|Velar}}
! colspan="2" | {{wp|uvular consonant|Uvular}}
! rowspan="2" | {{wp|uvular consonant|Uvular}}
|-
|-
! {{small|plain}}
! {{small|plain}}
! {{small|{{wp|sibilant}}}}
! {{small|{{wp|sibilant}}}}
! {{small|{{wp|lateral}}}}
! {{small|{{wp|lateral}}}}
! {{small|plain}}
! {{small|{{wp|labial consonant|labial}}}}
! {{small|plain}}
! {{small|{{wp|labial consonant|labial}}}}
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | {{wp|Plosive}}/<br>{{wp|Affricate}}
! rowspan="3" | {{wp|Plosive}}/<br>{{wp|Affricate}}
! {{small|plain}}
! {{small|voiced}}
| {{IPA link|b}} {{angbr|b}}
| {{IPA link|d}} {{angbr|d}}
| {{IPA link|d͡z̻}} {{angbr|j}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| {{IPA link|ɡ}} {{angbr|g}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
! {{small|voiceless}}
| {{IPA link|p}} {{angbr|p}}
| {{IPA link|p}} {{angbr|p}}
| {{IPA link|t}} {{angbr|t}}
| {{IPA link|t}} {{angbr|t}}
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| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| {{IPA link|k}} {{angbr|k}}
| {{IPA link|k}} {{angbr|k}}
| {{IPA link|kʷ}} {{angbr|kw}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
|-
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| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| {{IPA link|kʼ}} {{angbr|kʼ}}
| {{IPA link|kʼ}} {{angbr|kʼ}}
| {{IPA link|kʼʷ}} {{angbr|kwʼ}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | {{wp|Fricative}}
! rowspan="2" | {{wp|Fricative}}
! {{small|plain}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| {{IPA link|s̻}} {{angbr|s}}
| {{IPA link|ɬ}} {{angbr|lh}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| {{IPA link|x}} {{angbr|x}}
| {{IPA link|xʷ}} {{angbr|xw}}
| {{IPA link|χ}} {{angbr|xh}}
| {{IPA link|χʷ}} {{angbr|xhw}}
|-
! {{small|voiced}}
! {{small|voiced}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| {{IPA link|z̻}} {{angbr|z}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| colspan="2" | {{IPA link|ʁ}}~{{IPA link|ɣ}} {{angbr|gh}}
|-
! {{small|voiceless}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| {{IPA link|s̻}} {{angbr|s}}
| {{IPA link|ɬ}} {{angbr|lh}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| {{IPA link|ʁ}}~{{IPA link|ɣ}} {{angbr|g}}
| {{IPA link|x}} {{angbr|x}}
| {{IPA link|ʁʷ}}~{{IPA link|ɣʷ}} {{angbr|gw}}
| {{IPA link|χ}} {{angbr|xh}}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | {{wp|Sonorant}}
! colspan="2" | {{wp|Sonorant}}
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| {{IPA link|l}} {{angbr|l}}
| {{IPA link|l}} {{angbr|l}}
| {{IPA link|j}} {{angbr|y}}
| {{IPA link|j}} {{angbr|y}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| {{IPA link|w}} {{angbr|w}}
| {{IPA link|w}} {{angbr|w}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
|-
|-
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| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| {{IPA link|ɾ}}~{{IPA link|r}} {{angbr|r}}
| {{IPA link|ɾ}}~{{IPA link|r}} {{angbr|r}}
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |

Revision as of 17:06, 22 November 2021

Kamak
Native to Qazhshava
RegionKamak Islands
EthnicityKamaks
Cyrillic
Latin
Language codes
ISO 639-3
GlottologNone
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For a guide to IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular
plain sibilant lateral
Plosive/
Affricate
voiced b ⟨b⟩ d ⟨d⟩ d͡z̻ ⟨j⟩ ɡ ⟨g⟩
voiceless p ⟨p⟩ t ⟨t⟩ t͡s̻ ⟨c⟩ t͡ɬ ⟨tlh⟩ k ⟨k⟩
ejective ⟨pʼ⟩ ⟨tʼ⟩ t͡s̻ʼ ⟨cʼ⟩ t͡ɬʼ ⟨tlhʼ⟩ ⟨kʼ⟩
Fricative voiced ⟨z⟩ ʁ~ɣ ⟨gh⟩
voiceless ⟨s⟩ ɬ ⟨lh⟩ x ⟨x⟩ χ ⟨xh⟩
Sonorant m ⟨m⟩ n ⟨n⟩ l ⟨l⟩ j ⟨y⟩ w ⟨w⟩
Trill/Tap ɾ~r ⟨r⟩
  • Plain plosives/affricates vary between voiced, semi-voiced, voiceless and aspirated (allophonic and depending on the speaker)

Vowels

Front Central back
Close i ⟨i⟩ ɨ̞ ⟨ĕ⟩ u ⟨u⟩
Mid ɛ ⟨e⟩ ɤ ⟨ă⟩ o ⟨o⟩
Open a ⟨a⟩

Writing System

Cyrillic Latin Name IPA Notes
A a A a a /a/
Б б B b бӹ, bă /b~p/ Only in foregin words.
В в V v вӹ, vă /w~v/ Only in foregin words.
Г г G g гӹ, gă /ɣ~ʁ/
Гў гў Gw gw Гўӹ, гwă /ʁʷ~ɣʷ/
Д д D d дӹ, dă /d~t/ Only in foregin words.
Е е E e e /ɛ/
Ж ж Zh zh жӹ, zhă /~/ Only in foregin words.
З з Z z зӹ, ză /~/ Only in foregin words.
И и I i и, i /i/
Й й Y y /j/ As first letter of a word, or after a vowel.
К к K k кӹ, kă /k/
Кў кў Kw kw кўӹ, kwă //
К' к' K' k' к'ӹ, k'ă //
Кў' кў' Kw' kw' кў'ӹ, kw'ă /kʼʷ/
Л л L l лӹ, lă /l/
Лъ лъ Lh lh лъӹ, lhă /ɬ/
М м M m мӹ, mă /m/
Н н N n нӹ, nă /n/
О о O o о /o/
П п P p пӹ, pă /p/
П' п' P' p' п'ӹ, p'ă //
Р р R r рӹ, ră /ɾ~r/
С с S s сӹ, să //
Т т T t тӹ, tă /t/
Т' т' T' t' т'ӹ, t'ă //
Тлъ тлъ Tlh tlh тлъӹ, tlhă /t͡ɬ/
Тлъ' тлъ' Tlh' tlh' тлъ'ӹ, tlh'ă /t͡ɬʼ/
У у U u у, u /u/
Ў ў W w /w/
Ф ф F f фӹ, fă /p~f/ Only in foregin words.
Х х X x хӹ, xă /x/
Хў хў Xw xw хўӹ, xwă //
Хъ хъ Xh xh хъӹ, xhă /χ/
Хъў хъў Xhw xhw хъўӹ, xhwă /χʷ/
Ц ц C c цӹ, că /t͡s̻/
Ц' ц' C' c' ц'ӹ, c'ă /t͡s̻ʼ/
Ч ч Ch ch чӹ, chă /t͡s̻/ Only in foregin words.
Ш ш Sh sh шӹ, shă // Only in foregin words.
Ъ ъ H h* Used in digraphs, no sound value on it's own.
Ы ы Ĕ ĕ /ɨ̞/
Ӹ ӹ Ă ă /ɤ/
Ь ь Y y /◌j/ Used after consonants.
Ю ю Yu yu ю, yu /ju/
Я я Ya ya я, ya /ja/

Grammar

Syntax

 SVO (SOV, when O is a shorterned pronoun)
 noun like adjectives
 possessee - possessor
 adjective - noun
 prepossitions

Pronouns

Nom Dat Gen Acc Via
Singular First
Second
Third
Plural First Inclusive
Exclusive
Second
Third

Nouns

Number

Number Affix Example
Singular -
Plural -

Case

Case Word Example Question
Nominative
Dative
Genetive
Accusitive
Vialis

Adjectives and Adverbs

Verbs

Copula

Present Imperative Future Past
Imperfect
Aorist Resultative
participle
Singular First
Second
Third
Plural First
Second
Third

Tense, Aspect, Mood

Person

Direction

Questions

Derivation

Affix Used to create: Example(s)
- agents from verbs/nouns
- collective nouns
- adjectives/adverbs from nouns/verbs
- adjectives indicating the lack of something
- nouns from adjectives
- diminutives of nouns
- augmentatives of nouns
- locations (places related to the stem)
- inhabitants (of places)
- decendents (of people, or nouns/adjectives)
- decendents (child of)

Language Sample