Karaalani language: Difference between revisions
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=Writing System= | =Writing System= | ||
Karaalani officially uses the {{wp|cyrillic script|Govoric script}} but it also has adapdet co-official {{wp|Coptic alphabet|Protopolyash}} and {{wp|Latin script|Latin}} forms. | Karaalani officially uses the {{wp|cyrillic script|Govoric script}} but it also has adapdet co-official {{wp|Coptic alphabet|Protopolyash}} and {{wp|Latin script|Latin}} forms. | ||
{| style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS; font-size:1.4em; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse" | |||
|- | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | А а | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Б б | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | В в | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Г г | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Д д | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Е е | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ж ж | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | З з | |||
|- | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | И и | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Й й | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | К к | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Л л | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | М м | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Н н | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | О о | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | П п | |||
|- | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Р р | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | С с | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Т т | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | У у | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ф ф | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Х х | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ц ц | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ч ч | |||
|- | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ш ш | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Щ щ | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ъ ъ | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ь ь | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ю ю | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Я я | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | | |||
| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|- | |||
!Order | |||
!1 !!2 !!3 !!4 !!5 !!6 !!7 !!8 !!9 !!10 | |||
!11 !!12 !!13 !!14 !!15 !!16 !!17 !!18 !!19 !!20 | |||
!21 !!22 !!23 !!24 !!25 !!26 !!27 !!28 !!29 !!30 | |||
|- | |||
!{{wp|Cyrillic script|Cyrillic}} upper case | |||
|А ||Б ||В ||Г ||Д ||Е ||Ж ||З ||И ||Й ||К ||Л | |||
|М ||Н ||О ||П ||Р ||С ||Т ||У ||Ф ||Х ||Ц ||Ч | |||
|Ш ||Щ ||Ъ ||Ь ||Ю ||Я | |||
|- | |||
!{{wp|Cyrillic script|Cyrillic}} lower case | |||
|а ||б ||в ||г ||д ||е ||ж ||з ||и ||й ||к ||л | |||
|м ||н ||о ||п ||р ||с ||т ||у ||ф ||х ||ц ||ч | |||
|ш ||щ ||ъ ||ь ||ю ||я | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="31" | | |||
|- | |||
!{{wp|Coptic alphabet|Protopolyash}} upper case | |||
|Ⲁ ||ⲂⲂ ||Ⲃ ||Ⲅ ||Ⲇ ||Ⲉ ||Ⲋ ||Ⲍ ||Ⲏ ||Ⲓ ||Ⲕ ||Ⲗ | |||
|Ⲙ ||Ⲛ ||Ⲟ ||Ⲡ ||Ⲣ ||Ⲥ ||Ⲧ ||Ⲩ ||Ⲫ ||Ⲭ ||Ⲯ ||Ϫ | |||
|Ϣ ||Ϣⲧ ||Ϩ ||Ⲓ ||Ⲓⲩ ||Ⲓⲁ | |||
|- | |||
!{{wp|Coptic alphabet|Protopolyash}} lower case | |||
|ⲁ ||ⲃⲃ ||ⲃ ||ⲅ ||ⲇ ||ⲉ ||ⲋ ||ⲍ ||ⲏ ||ⲓ ||ⲕ ||ⲗ | |||
|ⲙ ||ⲛ ||ⲟ ||ⲡ ||ⲣ ||ⲥ ||ⲧ ||ⲩ ||ⲫ ||ⲭ ||ⲯ ||ϫ | |||
|ϣ ||ϣⲧ ||ϩ ||ⲓ ||ⲓⲩ ||ⲓⲁ | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="31" | | |||
|- | |||
!{{wp|Latin script|Latin}} upper case | |||
|A ||B ||V ||G ||D ||E ||Ž ||Z ||I ||Y/J ||K ||L | |||
|M ||N ||O ||P ||R ||S ||T ||U ||F ||H ||C ||Č | |||
|Š ||Št ||Ă ||Y/J ||YU/JU ||YA/JA | |||
|- | |||
!{{wp|Latin script|Latin}} lower case | |||
|a ||b ||v ||g ||d ||e ||ž ||z ||i ||y/j ||k ||l | |||
|m ||n ||o ||p ||r ||s ||t ||u ||f ||h ||c ||č | |||
|š ||št ||ă ||y/j ||yu/ju ||ya/ja | |||
|- | |||
!{{wp|International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA}} sound | |||
! {{IPAlink|a}} | |||
! {{IPAlink|b}} | |||
! {{IPAlink|ʋ}} | |||
! {{IPAlink|ɣ}} | |||
! {{IPAlink|d}} | |||
! {{IPAlink|ɛ}} | |||
! {{IPAlink|ʒ}} | |||
! {{IPAlink|z}} | |||
! {{IPAlink|i}} | |||
! {{IPAlink|j}} | |||
! {{IPAlink|k}} | |||
! {{IPAlink|l}} | |||
! {{IPAlink|m}} | |||
! {{IPAlink|n}} | |||
! {{IPAlink|o}} | |||
! {{IPAlink|p}} | |||
! {{IPAlink|ɾ}} | |||
! {{IPAlink|s}} | |||
! {{IPAlink|t}} | |||
! {{IPAlink|u}} | |||
! {{IPAlink|f}} | |||
! {{IPAlink|h}} | |||
! {{IPAlink|t͡s}} | |||
! {{IPAlink|t͡ʃ}} | |||
! {{IPAlink|ʃ}} | |||
! ʃt | |||
! {{IPAlink|ɤ}} | |||
! {{IPAlink|◌ʲ}} | |||
! ju | |||
! ja | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
=Grammar= | =Grammar= | ||
==Pronouns== | ==Pronouns== |
Revision as of 11:21, 28 December 2021
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Karaalani language | |
---|---|
Karaalan, Karaalanish | |
Pronunciation | // |
Native to |
|
Region | Slavic Belt in Thuadia |
Ethnicity | Karaalani Slavs |
Native speakers | L1: 17,980,000 L2: 1,200,000- FL: 25,000 |
Thuado-Thrismaran languages
| |
Early form | |
Standard forms | Eastern Karaalani
|
Dialects |
|
Govoric Script Protopolyash script | |
Official status | |
Official language in |
|
Recognised minority language in |
|
Language codes | |
ISO 639-1 | KR |
ISO 639-2 | KRA |
ISO 639-3 | KRA |
Distribution of the language Absolute majority >30% of native speakers | |
The Karaalani language is a Slavic language from the Kento-Polyash language group, and is the co-official language of the Karaalan region of Monte Blanco, Mustelaria, and the 4th most spoken langauge in Mustelaria.
Phonology
Consonants
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive/ Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | t͡s | t͡ʃ | k |
voiced | b | d | d͡z | d͡ʒ | ||
Fricative | voiceless | s | ʃ | x | ||
voiced | z | ʒ | ɣ | |||
Nasal | m | n | ||||
Approximant | ʋ | l~ɫ | j | |||
Rhotic | ɾ |
Vowels
Front | Central | back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | u | |
Mid | ɛ | ɤ | o |
Open | a |
Writing System
Karaalani officially uses the Govoric script but it also has adapdet co-official Protopolyash and Latin forms.
А а | Б б | В в | Г г | Д д | Е е | Ж ж | З з |
И и | Й й | К к | Л л | М м | Н н | О о | П п |
Р р | С с | Т т | У у | Ф ф | Х х | Ц ц | Ч ч |
Ш ш | Щ щ | Ъ ъ | Ь ь | Ю ю | Я я |
Order | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cyrillic upper case | А | Б | В | Г | Д | Е | Ж | З | И | Й | К | Л | М | Н | О | П | Р | С | Т | У | Ф | Х | Ц | Ч | Ш | Щ | Ъ | Ь | Ю | Я |
Cyrillic lower case | а | б | в | г | д | е | ж | з | и | й | к | л | м | н | о | п | р | с | т | у | ф | х | ц | ч | ш | щ | ъ | ь | ю | я |
Protopolyash upper case | Ⲁ | ⲂⲂ | Ⲃ | Ⲅ | Ⲇ | Ⲉ | Ⲋ | Ⲍ | Ⲏ | Ⲓ | Ⲕ | Ⲗ | Ⲙ | Ⲛ | Ⲟ | Ⲡ | Ⲣ | Ⲥ | Ⲧ | Ⲩ | Ⲫ | Ⲭ | Ⲯ | Ϫ | Ϣ | Ϣⲧ | Ϩ | Ⲓ | Ⲓⲩ | Ⲓⲁ |
Protopolyash lower case | ⲁ | ⲃⲃ | ⲃ | ⲅ | ⲇ | ⲉ | ⲋ | ⲍ | ⲏ | ⲓ | ⲕ | ⲗ | ⲙ | ⲛ | ⲟ | ⲡ | ⲣ | ⲥ | ⲧ | ⲩ | ⲫ | ⲭ | ⲯ | ϫ | ϣ | ϣⲧ | ϩ | ⲓ | ⲓⲩ | ⲓⲁ |
Latin upper case | A | B | V | G | D | E | Ž | Z | I | Y/J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | F | H | C | Č | Š | Št | Ă | Y/J | YU/JU | YA/JA |
Latin lower case | a | b | v | g | d | e | ž | z | i | y/j | k | l | m | n | o | p | r | s | t | u | f | h | c | č | š | št | ă | y/j | yu/ju | ya/ja |
IPA sound | a | b | ʋ | ɣ | d | ɛ | ʒ | z | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | ɾ | s | t | u | f | h | t͡s | t͡ʃ | ʃ | ʃt | ɤ | ◌ʲ | ju | ja |
Grammar
Pronouns
Nouns
Gender
Case & Number
Karaalani has 6 grammatical cases.
- Nominative: Subject or a Predicate noun or adjectiv
- Dative: Giving to Subject
- Accusative: Interract with Subject (hear, hit, harm...)
- Locative: In Subject, on Subject
- Vocative: Referring to Subject, calling Subject
Translation to Common | Singular | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nom. | Dat. | Acc. | Gen. | Loc. | Voc. | Nom. | Dat. | Acc. | Gen. | Loc. | Voc. | ||
Masculine | |||||||||||||
Man | Mъж Ⲙϩϧ Măž |
Мъжу | Mъжом | Мъжа | Mъждо | Mъжо! | Mъже | Muзеу | Mъжем | Мъжи | Мъжде | Mъже! | |
Leader | Войвод | Войводу | Войводом | Войвода | Войводо | Войводе! | Войводи | Войводеу | Войводем | Войводи | Войводе | Войводе! | |
Feminine | |||||||||||||
Church | Църква | Църкву | Църквом | Църкве | Църквѥ | Църкво! | Църкви | Църквеу | Църквѥм | Църкви | Църквѥй | Църкве! | |
Woman | Жена | Жену | Женом | Жене | Женѥ | Жено! | Жени | Женеу | Женѥм | Жени | Женѥй | Жени! | |
Neuter | |||||||||||||
Sea | Moре | Moро | Мором | Мора | Морю | Moрé! | Moретa | Moрѣ | Морѣм | Морете | Морѥ | Moрeтá! | |
Place | Мѣсто | Мѣсту | Мѣстом | Мѣсте | Мѣстю | Мѣстé! | Мѣста | Мѣстѣ | Мѣстѣм | Мѣста | Мѣстѥ | Мѣстетá! |
Adjectives & Adverbs
Verbs
Tense, Aspect, Mood
Copula
Questions
Numerals
Dialects
Karaalanish has 4 recognized dialects, the (standart) Eastern, Western, Southern and Sofgorod dialects.
The Western and Southern dialects differ mainly from the Eastern and Sofgorod dialects by the fact they dont pronounce the /j/ in the letter Ѣ/Ⳉ/Ý, which in the standert Eastern dialect is pronounced as /jæ~jɜ/, and in Sofgorod as /jɛ/. The Southern dialect dosent pronounce the stress in double characters, like in the word 'Karaalanski' ('Karaalanish'), insted of (standart Eastern) /kaɾaˈaɫan.ski/ it becomes /kɑɾɑlan.skɪ/. It also always pronounces Л/Ⲗ/L as an /l/. The Western dialect has nasal vowels when followed after 'n', some epakers in the far west parts pronounce their r's like /ʁ/s, sum ppl consider it a seperate dialect, tho officially its recognized as an 'accent'. The Sofgorod dialect conbines nasalization with the the /n/s and pornounces most i's as /ɨ/s and has a lot of 'unstressing'.
Language examples
Lord's prayer
Following text shows Lord's prayer written in Karaalani
Common language | Karaalani (Iraklic) | Karaalani (Protopolyash) | Karaalani (Latin) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Our Father in heaven, | Оче наш, кѫто си нѥбо, | Ⲟϫⲉ ⲛⲁⲋ, ⲕⲓⲱⲧⲟ ⲥⲏ ⲛⲓⲉⲃⲃⲟ, | Oče naš, kyóto si nyebo, | |
hallowed be your name. | да се свѥти йимем ти, | ⲇⲁ ⲥⲉ ⲥⲃⲓⲉⲧⲏ ⲓⲏⲙⲉⲙ ⲧⲏ, | da se svyeti yimem ti, | |
Your kingdom come. | да дойде царстѡ ти, | ⲇⲁ ⲇⲟⲓⲇⲉ ϯⲁⲣⲥⲧⲃⲟ ⲧⲏ, | da doyde carstó ti, | |
Your will be done, | да буде вѡля ти, | ⲇⲁ ⲃⲃⲩⲇⲉ ⲃⲱⲗⲓⲁ ⲧⲏ, | da bude vólya ti, | |
on earth as it is in heaven. | како нѥбо, тако и земѫ. | ⲕⲁⲕⲟ ⲛⲓⲉⲃⲃⲟ, ⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲏ ⲍⲉⲙⲓⲱ. | kako nyebo, tako i zemyo. | |
Give us this day our daily bread | Нѥвний ни хлѣб ним дай нес | Ⲛⲓⲉⲃⲏⲓ ⲛⲏ ⲭⲗⳉⲃⲃ ⲛⲏⲙ ⲇⲁⲓ ⲛⲉⲥ | Nyewniy ni hlýb nim day nes | |
and forgive us our debts, | и ни прости наши дългове, | ⲏ ⲛⲏ ⲡⲣⲟⲥⲧⲏ ⲛⲁⲋⲏ ⲇϩⲗⲅⲟⲃⲉ, | i ni prosti naši dălgove, | |
as we also have forgiven our debtors. | како ние проставаме нашите длъжничеу. | ⲕⲁⲕⲟ ⲛⲏⲉ ⲡⲣⲟⲥⲧⲁⲃⲁⲙⲉ ⲛⲁⲋⲏⲧⲉ ⲇⲗϩϧⲛⲏϫⲉⲩ. | kako nie prostawame našite dlăžničeu | |
And do not bring us into temptation, | И нѥ ним въвеждай ву изкушенѥ, | Ⲏ ⲛⲓⲉ ⲛⲏⲙ ⲃϩⲃⲉϧⲇⲁⲓ ⲃⲩ ⲏⲍⲕⲩⲋⲉⲛⲓⲉ, | I nye nim văvežday vu izkušenye | |
but rescue us from the evil one. | но ним избави от Лъкави. | ⲛⲟ ⲛⲏⲙ ⲏⲍⲃⲃⲁⲃⲏ ⲟⲧ Ⲗϩⲕⲁⲃⲏ. | no nim izbavi ot Lăkavi. |