Andalus: Difference between revisions
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With a population of 62.3 million as of 2022, Andalusia is Europe's largest Muslim majority country by land area and population; and is also Europe's third most populated country, as well as being the only Muslim majority country in Western Europe. One of the oldest lasting countries in Europe, Andalusia can trace its origins back to the {{wp|Umayyad Caliphate}}'s {{wp|Umayyad conquest of Hispania|conquest of Visigothic Hispania}} starting in 711, which established the formerly {{wp|Hispania|Roman Hispania}} as a province of the Arab Caliphate, however following the {{wp|Abbasid caliphate|Abbasid}} overthrow of the Umayyads, it declared itself an independent {{wp|Emirate|emirate}} and later its own {{wp|caliphate}} under the Umayyads. | With a population of 62.3 million as of 2022, Andalusia is Europe's largest Muslim majority country by land area and population; and is also Europe's third most populated country, as well as being the only Muslim majority country in Western Europe. One of the oldest lasting countries in Europe, Andalusia can trace its origins back to the {{wp|Umayyad Caliphate}}'s {{wp|Umayyad conquest of Hispania|conquest of Visigothic Hispania}} starting in 711, which established the formerly {{wp|Hispania|Roman Hispania}} as a province of the Arab Caliphate, however following the {{wp|Abbasid caliphate|Abbasid}} overthrow of the Umayyads, it declared itself an independent {{wp|Emirate|emirate}} and later its own {{wp|caliphate}} under the Umayyads. | ||
Andalus reached its golden age under Caliph Abd al-Rahman II, and its capital of Cordova continued to be one of the largest and most cultured cities in Western Europe before Andalusia's slow decline over the centuries. It successfully defended from Christian crusades from neighboring Francia in the 11th century, and following a crushing defeat of the {{wp| | Andalus reached its golden age under Caliph Abd al-Rahman II, and its capital of Cordova continued to be one of the largest and most cultured cities in Western Europe before Andalusia's slow decline over the centuries. It successfully defended from Christian crusades from neighboring Francia in the 11th century, and following a crushing defeat of the {{wp|Knights Templar|Templars}} at Pampiluna, retained political dominance over the Hiberican peninsula for over four centuries until the mid 1400s, when a Berber-led revolt resulted in the establishment of the Berber ''Emirate of Seville''. | ||
Hiberica continued to be ruled by succeeding emirates, sultanates, and caliphates until the 1960s, when following the [[Andalusian Revolution of 1964]], the Emirate of Andalusia was overthrown and replaced with an {{wp|Arab socialism|Arab socialist}} regime led by Asyan Salahuddin. Under his regime, the country experienced great economic growth and pursued closer ties with the rest of the Arab world, including {{wp|Iraq}} and {{wp|Libya}}. Following a coup by Ubadah Abdulla in 1987, it became an Islamist state led as a dictatorship by Ubadah until 2006, when he was overthrown and replaced by Andalusia's modern day government. | Hiberica continued to be ruled by succeeding emirates, sultanates, and caliphates until the 1960s, when following the [[Andalusian Revolution of 1964]], the Emirate of Andalusia was overthrown and replaced with an {{wp|Arab socialism|Arab socialist}} regime led by Asyan Salahuddin. Under his regime, the country experienced great economic growth and pursued closer ties with the rest of the Arab world, including {{wp|Iraq}} and {{wp|Libya}}. Following a coup by Ubadah Abdulla in 1987, it became an Islamist state led as a dictatorship by Ubadah until 2006, when he was overthrown and replaced by Andalusia's modern day government. | ||
== Etymology == | |||
The origin of the toponym ''Al-Andalus'' is not entirely known, however the consensus by most scholars and historians is that the name originates from an Arabization of the Vulgar Latin ''Vandalicia'' ("Land of the {{wp|Vandals}}"), or alternatively from the {{wp|Vandal language|Vandalic}} "Wandalitia" or "Vandalitia", sharing the same meaning as Vandalicia, which both come from the Proto-Germanic root "wandaliz", "wanderer/to wander". Thus, "Al-Andalus" is understood to be referring to "The land of the Vandals". | |||
Other theories suggest however that the name originates from the {{wp|Gothic language|Gothic}} 𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍄𐍃 ("landahlauts"), roughly translating to "Land of Inheritance". | |||
== History == | |||
=== Province of the Umayyad Caliphate === | |||
=== Emirate of Cordoba === | |||
=== Caliphate of Cordoba === | |||
=== Emirate of Seville === | |||
=== Early Modern history === | |||
=== Emirate of Andalus === | |||
=== Andalusian Revolution === | |||
=== Arab Socialist Republic === | |||
=== Modern History === | |||
==== 2006 Revolution and Modern Day ==== | |||
== Geography == | |||
=== Mountains and Rivers === | |||
=== Climate === | |||
=== Fauna and Flora === | |||
== Politics == | |||
=== Government === | |||
=== Foreign Relations === | |||
=== Administrative divisions === | |||
=== Military === | |||
== Economy == | |||
== Demographics == | |||
=== Languages === | |||
=== Minority groups === | |||
=== Education === | |||
=== Religion === | |||
== Culture == | |||
=== Literature === | |||
=== Art === | |||
=== Science === | |||
=== Cuisine === | |||
=== Sport === | |||
=== Public Holidays === | |||
Revision as of 15:42, 21 April 2022
Arab Islamic Republic of Andalusia جمهورية الأندلس العربية الإسلامية (Arabic) Ǧmhwryة āl'أndls āl'Rbyة āl'إslāmyة | |
|---|---|
 Flag | |
| Motto: حتى الابتسامة يمكن أن تكون صدقة Even a smile can be charity. | |
| Anthem: لتحلم بالجنة To Dream of Paradise | |
 | |
| Location | Southwestern Europe |
| Capital and largest city | Cordova |
| Official languages | Arabic |
| Recognized languages | Castillian, Galician, Basque |
| Religion |
|
| Demonym(s) | Andalusian |
| Government | Unitary parliamentary republic |
• President | Hatim Mustafa |
• Prime Minister | Débora Galan |
• Speaker of Parliament | Khaled Idris |
| Legislature | Parliament |
| Area | |
• Total | 583,254 km2 (225,196 sq mi) |
• Water (%) | 2.09 |
| Population | |
• Estimate | 62.3 million |
• Density | 106.81/km2 (276.6/sq mi) |
| GDP (PPP) | estimate |
• Total | $2.53 trillion |
• Per capita | 40,609 |
| GDP (nominal) | estimate |
• Total | $2.26 trillion |
• Per capita | 36,276 |
| Gini | 34.1 medium |
| HDI |  0.909very high |
| Currency | Euro (EUR) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Date format | dd-mm-yyy (CE) |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +34 |
| Internet TLD | .an |
 | This article is incomplete because it is pending further input from participants, or it is a work-in-progress by one author. Please comment on this article's talk page to share your input, comments and questions. Note: To contribute to this article, you may need to seek help from the author(s) of this page. |
Andalusia, or Andalus (Arabic: الأندلس, romanized: āl-أndls, al'Andalus), officially the Arab Islamic Republic of Andalusia, is a country in southwestern Europe with some territories in the Mediterranean Sea, including the Balaric archipelago, however most of the population and land area is situated in the Hiberican peninsula. The country is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterannean Sea; to the north by Occitania and the Bay of Gallae; and to the west by the Atlantic Ocean.
With a population of 62.3 million as of 2022, Andalusia is Europe's largest Muslim majority country by land area and population; and is also Europe's third most populated country, as well as being the only Muslim majority country in Western Europe. One of the oldest lasting countries in Europe, Andalusia can trace its origins back to the Umayyad Caliphate's conquest of Visigothic Hispania starting in 711, which established the formerly Roman Hispania as a province of the Arab Caliphate, however following the Abbasid overthrow of the Umayyads, it declared itself an independent emirate and later its own caliphate under the Umayyads.
Andalus reached its golden age under Caliph Abd al-Rahman II, and its capital of Cordova continued to be one of the largest and most cultured cities in Western Europe before Andalusia's slow decline over the centuries. It successfully defended from Christian crusades from neighboring Francia in the 11th century, and following a crushing defeat of the Templars at Pampiluna, retained political dominance over the Hiberican peninsula for over four centuries until the mid 1400s, when a Berber-led revolt resulted in the establishment of the Berber Emirate of Seville.
Hiberica continued to be ruled by succeeding emirates, sultanates, and caliphates until the 1960s, when following the Andalusian Revolution of 1964, the Emirate of Andalusia was overthrown and replaced with an Arab socialist regime led by Asyan Salahuddin. Under his regime, the country experienced great economic growth and pursued closer ties with the rest of the Arab world, including Iraq and Libya. Following a coup by Ubadah Abdulla in 1987, it became an Islamist state led as a dictatorship by Ubadah until 2006, when he was overthrown and replaced by Andalusia's modern day government.
Etymology
The origin of the toponym Al-Andalus is not entirely known, however the consensus by most scholars and historians is that the name originates from an Arabization of the Vulgar Latin Vandalicia ("Land of the Vandals"), or alternatively from the Vandalic "Wandalitia" or "Vandalitia", sharing the same meaning as Vandalicia, which both come from the Proto-Germanic root "wandaliz", "wanderer/to wander". Thus, "Al-Andalus" is understood to be referring to "The land of the Vandals".
Other theories suggest however that the name originates from the Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍄𐍃 ("landahlauts"), roughly translating to "Land of Inheritance".