Andalus

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Arab Islamic Republic of Andalusia

جمهورية الأندلس العربية الإسلامية (Arabic)
Ǧmhwryة āl'أndls āl'Rbyة āl'إslāmyة
Flag of Andalusia
Flag
Motto: حتى الابتسامة يمكن أن تكون صدقة
Even a smile can be charity.
Anthem: لتحلم بالجنة
To Dream of Paradise
Map of Andalus
Capital
and largest city
Cordova
Official languagesArabic
Recognized languagesCastillian, Galician, Basque
Religion
Demonym(s)Andalusian
GovernmentUnitary parliamentary republic
• President
Hatim Mustafa
• Prime Minister
Débora Galan
• Speaker of Parliament
Khaled Idris
LegislatureParliament
Area
• Total
583,254 km2 (225,196 sq mi)
• Water (%)
2.09
Population
• Estimate
62.3 million
• Density
106.81/km2 (276.6/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)estimate
• Total
$2.53 trillion
• Per capita
40,609
GDP (nominal)estimate
• Total
$2.26 trillion
• Per capita
36,276
Gini34.1
medium
HDIIncrease 0.909
very high
CurrencyEuro (EUR)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)
UTC+2 (CEST)
Date formatdd-mm-yyy (CE)
Driving sideright
Calling code+34
Internet TLD.an

Andalusia, or Andalus (Arabic: الأندلس, romanized: āl-أndls, al'Andalus), officially the Arab Islamic Republic of Andalusia, is a country in southwestern Europe with some territories in the Mediterranean Sea, including the Balaric archipelago, however most of the population and land area is situated in the Hiberican peninsula. The country is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterannean Sea; to the north by Occitania and the Bay of Gallae; and to the west by the Atlantic Ocean.

With a population of 62.3 million as of 2022, Andalusia is Europe's largest Muslim majority country by land area and population; and is also Europe's third most populated country, as well as being the only Muslim majority country in Western Europe. One of the oldest lasting countries in Europe, Andalusia can trace its origins back to the Umayyad Caliphate's conquest of Visigothic Hispania starting in 711, which established the formerly Roman Hispania as a province of the Arab Caliphate, however following the Abbasid overthrow of the Umayyads, it declared itself an independent emirate and later its own caliphate under the Umayyads.

Andalus reached its golden age under Caliph Abd al-Rahman II, and its capital of Cordova continued to be one of the largest and most cultured cities in Western Europe before Andalusia's slow decline over the centuries. It successfully defended from Christian crusades from neighboring Francia in the 11th century, and following a crushing defeat of the Templars at Pampiluna, retained political dominance over the Hiberican peninsula for over four centuries until the mid 1400s, when a Berber-led revolt resulted in the establishment of the Berber Emirate of Seville.

Hiberica continued to be ruled by succeeding emirates, sultanates, and caliphates until the 1960s, when following the Andalusian Revolution of 1964, the Emirate of Andalusia was overthrown and replaced with an Arab socialist regime led by Asyan Salahuddin. Under his regime, the country experienced great economic growth and pursued closer ties with the rest of the Arab world, including Iraq and Libya. Following a coup by Ubadah Abdulla in 1987, it became an Islamist state led as a dictatorship by Ubadah until 2006, when he was overthrown and replaced by Andalusia's modern day government.

Andalusia is a member of the United Nations, European Union, the G20, and the Arab League, and is also an observer state of the Arab Maghreb Union, and is also a member of numerous other worldwide organizations.

Etymology

The origin of the toponym Al-Andalus is not entirely known, however the consensus by most scholars and historians is that the name originates from an Arabization of the Vulgar Latin Vandalicia ("Land of the Vandals"), or alternatively from the Vandalic "Wandalitia" or "Vandalitia", sharing the same meaning as Vandalicia, which both come from the Proto-Germanic root "wandaliz", "wanderer/to wander". Thus, "Al-Andalus" is understood to be referring to "The land of the Vandals".

Other theories suggest however that the name originates from the Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍄𐍃 ("landahlauts"), roughly translating to "Land of Inheritance".

History

Province of the Umayyad Caliphate

Emirate of Cordoba

Caliphate of Cordoba

Emirate of Seville

Early Modern history

Emirate of Andalus

Andalusian Revolution

Arab Socialist Republic

Modern History

2006 Revolution and Modern Day

Geography

Mountains and Rivers

Climate

Fauna and Flora

Politics

Government

Foreign Relations

Administrative divisions

Military

Economy

Demographics

Languages

Minority groups

Education

Religion

Culture

Literature

Art

Science

Cuisine

Sport

Public Holidays