President of Carucere: Difference between revisions
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| residence = [[State House, Carucere|State House, Carucere]] | | residence = [[State House, Carucere|State House, Carucere]] | ||
| constituting_instrument = [[Constitution of Carucere]] | | constituting_instrument = [[Constitution of Carucere]] | ||
| appointer = | | appointer = {{wp|Direct election}} | ||
| precursor = [[Governor of Carucere]] | | precursor = [[Governor of Carucere]] | ||
| member_of = [[National Council of Carucere|National Council]] | | member_of = [[National Council of Carucere|National Council]] | ||
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The '''President of Carucere''', officially the '''President of the National Council''' ([[Papotement]]: ''Prezidan Nasyonal Konsey''), is the {{wp|head of state}} of [[Carucere]]. Under the [[Constitution of Carucere]], the president holds the highest office of the federal government as {{wp|chief diplomat}} and {{wp|commander-in-chief}} of the armed forces of the Republic. The President is the ''ex officio'' president of the [[National Council of Carucere|National Council]] which collectively serves as the {{wp|head of government}}, although they are typically represented by the [[Vice President of Carucere]]. The current president is [[Neil Gaubina]], who took office on 1 December 2018 and won reelection in 2022. | The '''President of Carucere''', officially the '''President of the National Council''' ([[Papotement]]: ''Prezidan Nasyonal Konsey''), is the {{wp|head of state}} of [[Carucere]]. Under the [[Constitution of Carucere]], the president holds the highest office of the federal government as {{wp|chief diplomat}} and {{wp|commander-in-chief}} of the armed forces of the Republic. The President is the ''ex officio'' president of the [[National Council of Carucere|National Council]] which collectively serves as the {{wp|head of government}}, although they are typically represented by the [[Vice President of Carucere]]. The current president is [[Neil Gaubina]], who took office on 1 December 2018 and won reelection in 2022. | ||
Under the {{wp|parliamentary system}} that existed from independence in 1954 until the constitution of 1972, the Presidency was a completely {{wp|figurehead|ceremonial office}} with no real executive power. The Presidency achieved its current role under the constitution of 1972 and [[Jean Preval]], who held the office for 12 years from 1972 to 1984. Today Carucere functions as a ''de-facto'' {{wp| | Under the {{wp|parliamentary system}} that existed from independence in 1954 until the constitution of 1972, the Presidency was a completely {{wp|figurehead|ceremonial office}} with no real executive power. The Presidency achieved its current role under the constitution of 1972 and [[Jean Preval]], who held the office for 12 years from 1972 to 1984. Today Carucere functions as a ''de-facto'' {{wp|Directorial system|collegiate}} system where the President has the leading role in a collective government. The office is elected by a unique electoral system centered around {{wp|consociationalism|consociationalist}} principles; a candidate must win an absolute majority nationwide and at least 33 percent of the votes in six of the eleven provinces of Carucere. | ||
==Role== | ==Role== | ||
Today Carucere has a ''de-facto'' fusion of a {{wp| | Today Carucere has a ''de-facto'' fusion of a {{wp|presidential system|presidential}} and a {{wp|Directorial system|collegiate}} system, with the President as the country's most senior office who is a member of a collective executive that serves as {{wp|head of government}}. Although it is the National Council as a whole that oversees and directs much of the country's actual governmental affairs, it is ultimately the President that decides the direction and priorities of the Government. While the Premier is responsible to the Senate and their political party or coalition, traditionally the President is "above" ethnic partisanism, drawing their legitimacy from a broad coalition of voters. The President's powers and authority are typically divided between those they can invoke unilaterally and those that must be exercised with the permission of the National Council. | ||
The President's greatest power is their ability to allocate portfolios among, reshuffle, or dismiss deputies to the National Council. However, since the Senate must approve new appointments by a majority vote, the deputies named by the president must be supported by the Senate, or the candidate will be denied. The President has the discretionary power to dissolve the Senate when they see fit, such as when the National Council is unable to govern due to the Senate's disapproval. As a result, the President has the ability to guide the direction of national politics in the country. The President serves as chief diplomat and the supreme commander of the [[Carucere Defence Force]]. Internal security and foreign affairs are the primary domain of the President; thus the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade and the Ministry of the Interior report to the President directly. As a result, the President oversees Carucere's international relations, international trade, internal security, and disaster response. | The President's greatest power is their ability to allocate portfolios among, reshuffle, or dismiss deputies to the National Council. However, since the Senate must approve new appointments by a majority vote, the deputies named by the president must be supported by the Senate, or the candidate will be denied. The President has the discretionary power to dissolve the Senate when they see fit, such as when the National Council is unable to govern due to the Senate's disapproval. As a result, the President has the ability to guide the direction of national politics in the country. The President serves as chief diplomat and the supreme commander of the [[Carucere Defence Force]]. Internal security and foreign affairs are the primary domain of the President; thus the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade and the Ministry of the Interior report to the President directly. As a result, the President oversees Carucere's international relations, international trade, internal security, and disaster response. | ||
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** Be able to speak and read the Gaullican language | ** Be able to speak and read the Gaullican language | ||
==Election== | ==Election== | ||
The electoral system for the President of Carucere is unique among politics systems. Under the current electoral law, presidential candidates are nominated by political parties running for the [[Senate of Carucere|Senate]] to stand for election | The electoral system for the President of Carucere is unique among politics systems, reflecting its consociational principles. Under the current electoral law, presidential candidates are nominated by political parties running for the [[Senate of Carucere|Senate]] to stand for a direct election. To win outright a candidate must win more than half of the total votes cast in the election and at least 33% of the votes cast in six of the eleven provinces of Carucere. If no candidate achieves this, the election proceeds to a run-off election where candidate with the higher number of nationwide votes wins. The President may only be reelected once and are limited to two full terms in office. | ||
==Powers & Duties== | ==Powers & Duties== | ||
As part of their duties under the Constitution of Carucere, the President is required to uphold the Constitution and preserve the safety of Carucere, as the head of state and as the commander-in-chief of the military. To perform their duties, the president is given the powers: | As part of their duties under the Constitution of Carucere, the President is required to uphold the Constitution and preserve the safety of Carucere, as the head of state and as the commander-in-chief of the military. To perform their duties, the president is given the powers: | ||
Revision as of 16:00, 28 July 2023
| President of the National Council | |
|---|---|
| Prezidan Nasyonal Konsey | |
.svg) Presidential Emblem | |
 Presidential Standard | |
| Style | His Excellency |
| Status | Head of state |
| Member of | National Council |
| Residence | State House, Carucere |
| Seat | Kingston |
| Appointer | Direct election |
| Term length | Four years |
| Constituting instrument | Constitution of Carucere |
| Precursor | Governor of Carucere |
| Inaugural holder | Jean Preval |
| Formation | 17 July 1957 |
| Succession | Vice President of Carucere |
| Deputy | Premier of Carucere |
The President of Carucere, officially the President of the National Council (Papotement: Prezidan Nasyonal Konsey), is the head of state of Carucere. Under the Constitution of Carucere, the president holds the highest office of the federal government as chief diplomat and commander-in-chief of the armed forces of the Republic. The President is the ex officio president of the National Council which collectively serves as the head of government, although they are typically represented by the Vice President of Carucere. The current president is Neil Gaubina, who took office on 1 December 2018 and won reelection in 2022.
Under the parliamentary system that existed from independence in 1954 until the constitution of 1972, the Presidency was a completely ceremonial office with no real executive power. The Presidency achieved its current role under the constitution of 1972 and Jean Preval, who held the office for 12 years from 1972 to 1984. Today Carucere functions as a de-facto collegiate system where the President has the leading role in a collective government. The office is elected by a unique electoral system centered around consociationalist principles; a candidate must win an absolute majority nationwide and at least 33 percent of the votes in six of the eleven provinces of Carucere.
Role
Today Carucere has a de-facto fusion of a presidential and a collegiate system, with the President as the country's most senior office who is a member of a collective executive that serves as head of government. Although it is the National Council as a whole that oversees and directs much of the country's actual governmental affairs, it is ultimately the President that decides the direction and priorities of the Government. While the Premier is responsible to the Senate and their political party or coalition, traditionally the President is "above" ethnic partisanism, drawing their legitimacy from a broad coalition of voters. The President's powers and authority are typically divided between those they can invoke unilaterally and those that must be exercised with the permission of the National Council.
The President's greatest power is their ability to allocate portfolios among, reshuffle, or dismiss deputies to the National Council. However, since the Senate must approve new appointments by a majority vote, the deputies named by the president must be supported by the Senate, or the candidate will be denied. The President has the discretionary power to dissolve the Senate when they see fit, such as when the National Council is unable to govern due to the Senate's disapproval. As a result, the President has the ability to guide the direction of national politics in the country. The President serves as chief diplomat and the supreme commander of the Carucere Defence Force. Internal security and foreign affairs are the primary domain of the President; thus the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade and the Ministry of the Interior report to the President directly. As a result, the President oversees Carucere's international relations, international trade, internal security, and disaster response.
The President must promulgate all laws enacted by the Senate or the Government for them to come into force. However the President has the authority to veto laws, although the Senate can override this by a two-thirds majority vote. The president may also refer the law for review by the Council of State if the President doubts its constitutionality. The President also serves as chief legislator by enacting decrees with the full force of law and by submitting legislation to the Senate. The president has the discretionary power to dissolve parliament when he sees fit (colloquially known as the "atomic bomb" in Carucere) and force new elections.
There are significant limitations on the President's executive powers. With few exceptions, if the Senate or the National Council votes against a presidential decision, it will be declared void immediately. As a result, the President usually holds consultations with both bodies instead of acting unilaterally.
Qualification
In order to be qualified to be elected president, a candidate must:
- Be a citizen of Carucere by birth or parentage
- Have resided in Carucere for a period of seven years prior to the date of the election
- Be qualified to be elected a member of the Senate, which requires to:
- Be a citizen of Carucere 35 years or older
- Be able to speak and read the Gaullican language
Election
The electoral system for the President of Carucere is unique among politics systems, reflecting its consociational principles. Under the current electoral law, presidential candidates are nominated by political parties running for the Senate to stand for a direct election. To win outright a candidate must win more than half of the total votes cast in the election and at least 33% of the votes cast in six of the eleven provinces of Carucere. If no candidate achieves this, the election proceeds to a run-off election where candidate with the higher number of nationwide votes wins. The President may only be reelected once and are limited to two full terms in office.
Powers & Duties
As part of their duties under the Constitution of Carucere, the President is required to uphold the Constitution and preserve the safety of Carucere, as the head of state and as the commander-in-chief of the military. To perform their duties, the president is given the powers:
- to declare war.
- to promulgate laws.
- to veto laws, decree-laws, regulatory decrees and other Government decrees.
- to refer laws and decrees for constitutional review by the Council of State.
- to dissolve the Senate and call new elections which leads to the resignation of the Government.
- to appoint and manage the members of the National Council.
- to hold a referendum regarding issues of national importance.
- to submit legislation to the Senate. While the President lacks de jure authority to draft legislation for the Senate, the President usually asks the Premier to submit a bill on their behalf.
- to issue medals and honors for serving the nation.
- to issue pardons.
- to declare a state of emergency suspending laws or enacting a state of martial law.
- to regulate and join treaties, alliances, and other agreements coming from foreign states according to the Constitution.
- to appoint senior public officials.
Removal
According to the Constitution of Carucere, the Senate may remove the President due to "permanent moral or physical incapacity", as declared by the Senate. However as the Senate has not defined "moral incapacitation", the Senate can initiate impeachment proceedings against the President effectively without cause. After beginning proceedings, the Senate begins a special session, where the accused has the ability to defend themselves in front of the Senate. After a debate, the Senate can remove the President from office by a two-thirds majority vote.