President of Carucere: Difference between revisions
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Under the {{wp|parliamentary system}} that existed from independence in 1954 until the constitution of 1972, the Presidency was a completely {{wp|figurehead|ceremonial office}} with no real executive power. The Presidency achieved its current role under the constitution of 1972 and [[Jean Preval]], who held the office for 12 years from 1972 to 1984. Today Carucere functions as a ''de-facto'' {{wp|Directorial system|collegiate}} system where the President has the leading role in a collective government. The office is elected by a unique electoral system centered around {{wp|consociationalism|consociationalist}} principles; a candidate must win an absolute majority nationwide and at least 33 percent of the votes in six of the eleven provinces of Carucere. | Under the {{wp|parliamentary system}} that existed from independence in 1954 until the constitution of 1972, the Presidency was a completely {{wp|figurehead|ceremonial office}} with no real executive power. The Presidency achieved its current role under the constitution of 1972 and [[Jean Preval]], who held the office for 12 years from 1972 to 1984. Today Carucere functions as a ''de-facto'' {{wp|Directorial system|collegiate}} system where the President has the leading role in a collective government. The office is elected by a unique electoral system centered around {{wp|consociationalism|consociationalist}} principles; a candidate must win an absolute majority nationwide and at least 33 percent of the votes in six of the eleven provinces of Carucere. | ||
==Role== | ==Role== | ||
Today Carucere has a ''de-facto'' fusion of a {{wp|presidential system|presidential}} and a {{wp|Directorial system|collegiate}} system, with the President as the country's most senior office who is a member of a collective executive that serves as {{wp|head of government}}. Although it is the National Council as a whole that oversees and directs much of the country's actual governmental affairs, it is ultimately the President that decides the direction and priorities of the Government. | Today Carucere has a ''de-facto'' fusion of a {{wp|presidential system|presidential}} and a {{wp|Directorial system|collegiate}} system, with the President as the country's most senior office who is a member of a collective executive that serves as {{wp|head of government}}. Although it is the National Council as a whole that oversees and directs much of the country's actual governmental affairs, it is ultimately the President that decides the direction and priorities of the Government. Nevertheless the president has few ''de facto'' powers that can be exercised unilaterally. | ||
The President's greatest power is their ability to | The President's greatest power is their ability to nominate deputies to the National Council after their election. However as the Senate must approve appointments, reshuffles, dismissals by a supermajority vote, their actions must be supported by the Senate, or it will be denied. This power is further limited by the fact that candidates are not nominated individually but as a {{wp|Slate (elections)|slate}}, often as part of coalition negotiations. As ''de facto'' {{wp|head of state}}, the President traditionally wields influence and authority in the fields of national security and foreign policy, and is the supreme commander of the Armed Forces during wartime. In addition, the President may be delegated authority to oversee certain government portfolios. the president carries out some of the representative duties that are normally carried out by a head of state in other democracies. Nevertheless, the president wields these powers and duties with the assent of the National Council. | ||
As the presiding officer of the National Council, the president officially chairs the meetings of the National Council. The president is {{wp| primus inter pares}} and has no powers over and above the other delegates except in a few circumstances. For example, if a tied vote occurs in the council, their vote is worth double. | |||
==Qualification== | ==Qualification== | ||
| Line 52: | Line 50: | ||
The electoral system for the President of Carucere is unique among politics systems, reflecting its consociational principles. Under the current electoral law, presidential candidates are nominated by political parties running for the [[Senate of Carucere|Senate]] to stand for a direct election. To win outright a candidate must win more than half of the total votes cast in the election and at least 33% of the votes cast in six of the eleven provinces of Carucere. If no candidate achieves this, the election proceeds to a run-off election where candidate with the higher number of nationwide votes wins. The President may only be reelected once and are limited to two full terms in office. | The electoral system for the President of Carucere is unique among politics systems, reflecting its consociational principles. Under the current electoral law, presidential candidates are nominated by political parties running for the [[Senate of Carucere|Senate]] to stand for a direct election. To win outright a candidate must win more than half of the total votes cast in the election and at least 33% of the votes cast in six of the eleven provinces of Carucere. If no candidate achieves this, the election proceeds to a run-off election where candidate with the higher number of nationwide votes wins. The President may only be reelected once and are limited to two full terms in office. | ||
==Powers & Duties== | ==Powers & Duties== | ||
Under the Constitution of Carucere, the President given the authority to uphold the Constitution and preserve the safety of Carucere, as the head of state and as the commander-in-chief of the military. In practice, the majority of the president's powers cannot be wielded unilaterally and require the assent of the National Council. These include: | |||
* | *Appointing and dismissing the premier and their cabinet ministers | ||
* | *Dissolving the Senate | ||
* | *Regulate and join treaties, alliances, and other agreements coming from foreign states according to the Constitution. | ||
* | *Declaring a state of emergency under certain circumstances | ||
* | *Signing and promulgating laws after discussion | ||
* | *Appointing and dismissing judges, federal civil servants, and officers of the Armed Forces | ||
* to | *Exercising the power to pardon individual offenders | ||
* | *Awarding honors and medals | ||
The President has a few ''de jure'' powers that can be exercised unilaterally as {{wp|head of state}}; | |||
*Proposing candidates for the National Council to the Senate | |||
*Chairing meetings of the National Council | |||
* to | *Representing the government at home and abroad | ||
*Respond to emergency situations when the Council has no time to meet | |||
==Removal== | ==Removal== | ||
According to the Constitution of Carucere, the Senate may remove the President due to "permanent moral or physical incapacity", as declared by the Senate. However as the Senate has not defined "moral incapacitation", the Senate can initiate {{wp|impeachment}} proceedings against the President effectively without cause. After beginning proceedings, the Senate begins a special session, where the accused has the ability to defend themselves in front of the Senate. After a debate, the Senate can remove the President from office by a two-thirds majority vote. | According to the Constitution of Carucere, the Senate may remove the President due to "permanent moral or physical incapacity", as declared by the Senate. However as the Senate has not defined "moral incapacitation", the Senate can initiate {{wp|impeachment}} proceedings against the President effectively without cause. After beginning proceedings, the Senate begins a special session, where the accused has the ability to defend themselves in front of the Senate. After a debate, the Senate can remove the President from office by a two-thirds majority vote. | ||
==List of Presidents of Carucere== | ==List of Presidents of Carucere== | ||
Revision as of 16:04, 29 July 2023
| President of the Republic of Caurcere | |
|---|---|
| Prezidan Repiblik Karuke | |
.svg) Presidential Emblem | |
 Presidential Standard | |
| Style | His Excellency |
| Status | Head of state |
| Member of | National Council |
| Residence | State House, Carucere |
| Seat | Kingston |
| Appointer | Direct election |
| Term length | Four years |
| Constituting instrument | Constitution of Carucere |
| Precursor | Governor of Carucere |
| Inaugural holder | Jean Preval |
| Formation | 17 July 1957 |
| Succession | Vice President of Carucere |
| Deputy | Premier of Carucere |
The President of Carucere, officially the President of the Republic of Carucere (Papotement: Prezidan Repiblik Karuke), is the head of state of Carucere. Under the Constitution of Carucere, the president holds the highest office of the federal government as chief diplomat and commander-in-chief of the armed forces of the Republic. The President is the ex officio presiding member of the National Council which collectively serves as the head of government, although they are primus inter pares. The current president is Neil Gaubina, who took office on 1 December 2018 and won reelection in 2022.
Under the parliamentary system that existed from independence in 1954 until the constitution of 1972, the Presidency was a completely ceremonial office with no real executive power. The Presidency achieved its current role under the constitution of 1972 and Jean Preval, who held the office for 12 years from 1972 to 1984. Today Carucere functions as a de-facto collegiate system where the President has the leading role in a collective government. The office is elected by a unique electoral system centered around consociationalist principles; a candidate must win an absolute majority nationwide and at least 33 percent of the votes in six of the eleven provinces of Carucere.
Role
Today Carucere has a de-facto fusion of a presidential and a collegiate system, with the President as the country's most senior office who is a member of a collective executive that serves as head of government. Although it is the National Council as a whole that oversees and directs much of the country's actual governmental affairs, it is ultimately the President that decides the direction and priorities of the Government. Nevertheless the president has few de facto powers that can be exercised unilaterally.
The President's greatest power is their ability to nominate deputies to the National Council after their election. However as the Senate must approve appointments, reshuffles, dismissals by a supermajority vote, their actions must be supported by the Senate, or it will be denied. This power is further limited by the fact that candidates are not nominated individually but as a slate, often as part of coalition negotiations. As de facto head of state, the President traditionally wields influence and authority in the fields of national security and foreign policy, and is the supreme commander of the Armed Forces during wartime. In addition, the President may be delegated authority to oversee certain government portfolios. the president carries out some of the representative duties that are normally carried out by a head of state in other democracies. Nevertheless, the president wields these powers and duties with the assent of the National Council.
As the presiding officer of the National Council, the president officially chairs the meetings of the National Council. The president is primus inter pares and has no powers over and above the other delegates except in a few circumstances. For example, if a tied vote occurs in the council, their vote is worth double.
Qualification
In order to be qualified to be elected president, a candidate must:
- Be a citizen of Carucere by birth or parentage
- Have resided in Carucere for a period of seven years prior to the date of the election
- Be qualified to be elected a member of the Senate, which requires to:
- Be a citizen of Carucere 35 years or older
- Be able to speak and read the Gaullican language
Election
The electoral system for the President of Carucere is unique among politics systems, reflecting its consociational principles. Under the current electoral law, presidential candidates are nominated by political parties running for the Senate to stand for a direct election. To win outright a candidate must win more than half of the total votes cast in the election and at least 33% of the votes cast in six of the eleven provinces of Carucere. If no candidate achieves this, the election proceeds to a run-off election where candidate with the higher number of nationwide votes wins. The President may only be reelected once and are limited to two full terms in office.
Powers & Duties
Under the Constitution of Carucere, the President given the authority to uphold the Constitution and preserve the safety of Carucere, as the head of state and as the commander-in-chief of the military. In practice, the majority of the president's powers cannot be wielded unilaterally and require the assent of the National Council. These include:
- Appointing and dismissing the premier and their cabinet ministers
- Dissolving the Senate
- Regulate and join treaties, alliances, and other agreements coming from foreign states according to the Constitution.
- Declaring a state of emergency under certain circumstances
- Signing and promulgating laws after discussion
- Appointing and dismissing judges, federal civil servants, and officers of the Armed Forces
- Exercising the power to pardon individual offenders
- Awarding honors and medals
The President has a few de jure powers that can be exercised unilaterally as head of state;
- Proposing candidates for the National Council to the Senate
- Chairing meetings of the National Council
- Representing the government at home and abroad
- Respond to emergency situations when the Council has no time to meet
Removal
According to the Constitution of Carucere, the Senate may remove the President due to "permanent moral or physical incapacity", as declared by the Senate. However as the Senate has not defined "moral incapacitation", the Senate can initiate impeachment proceedings against the President effectively without cause. After beginning proceedings, the Senate begins a special session, where the accused has the ability to defend themselves in front of the Senate. After a debate, the Senate can remove the President from office by a two-thirds majority vote.