Council of State (Carucere): Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
mNo edit summary
No edit summary
Line 10: Line 10:
| image          =  
| image          =  
| imagesize      =  
| imagesize      =  
| leader_title        = [[President of the United States]]
| incumbentlabel  = The 2023 National Council
| incumbentlabel  = The 2023 National Council
| incumbent      = {{ubl||[[Neil Gaubina]] (President) |[[Bernard Lepvraud]] (Vice President)</small>|[[Dhuga Zazoanevi]] |[[Henry Allen]] |[[Alain Berset]] </small>}}
| incumbent      =
| department =  [[Government of Carucere]]
| department =  [[Government of Carucere]]
| formation      = {{Start date and age|df=y|1972}}
| formation      = {{Start date and age|df=y|1972}}
| inaugural      = {{ubl|[[Jean Preval]]|[[Jonas Furrer]]|[[Jean Juidange]]}}
| inaugural      = {{ubl|[[Jean Preval]]|[[Jonas Furrer]]|[[Jean Juidange]]}}
| appointer      =  [[Carucerean electoral college|Electoral College]]
| appointer      =  {{wp|Direct election}}  (President) <br> President
| termlength      = Four years, no term limit  
| termlength      = Four years, no term limit  
| website        =  
| website        =  
Line 21: Line 22:
The '''National Council of Carucere''' ([[Papotement]]: ''Nasyonal Konsey Karuke''), is an executive body which serves as the collective ''de jure'' {{wp|head of government}} of [[Carucere]]. While the [[President of Carucere]] is the leading political figure within the National Council as ''de facto'' {{wp|head of state}}, it is the Council as a whole that serves as the highest executive authority in Carucere.
The '''National Council of Carucere''' ([[Papotement]]: ''Nasyonal Konsey Karuke''), is an executive body which serves as the collective ''de jure'' {{wp|head of government}} of [[Carucere]]. While the [[President of Carucere]] is the leading political figure within the National Council as ''de facto'' {{wp|head of state}}, it is the Council as a whole that serves as the highest executive authority in Carucere.


The National Council currently consists of five members; the [[President of Carucere]] and four other delegates who are all elected by direct popular vote. The National Council formally exercises executive power in Carucere, such as the authority to formulate policies and draft measures. The Council oversees the administration of the country through its supervision of the [[Cabinet of Carucere]], which consists of the heads of goverment ministries. Although the President is the permanent presiding officer of the Council, they are {{wp|primus inter pares}} within the Council which operates through {{wp|consensus decision-making}}.
The number of members on the National Council typically varies, but it always includes the [[President of Carucere]], Vice-President, and Premier. The National Council formally exercises executive power in Carucere, such as the authority to formulate policies and draft measures. The Council oversees the administration of the country through its supervision of the [[Cabinet of Carucere|Cabinet]], which consists of the heads of government ministries. The Council also serves as an unofficial {{wp|upper house}} to the [[Senate of Carucere|Senate]]. Although the President is the permanent presiding officer of the Council, they are {{wp|primus inter pares}} within the Council which operates through {{wp|consensus decision-making}}.
==Current members==
==Composition==
The exact number of members that preside on the National Council has varied since its creation, based upon political convention. The Constitution of 1972, mandated the inclusion of seven members but gave no limit to the number of delegates the President may appoint. In the 1990s, the Senate limited the number of delegates the President may appoint up to ten; as a result the maximum number of delegates that could serve on the National Council is seventeen.
 
Today the Council consists of the following members:
* [[President of Carucere|President of the National Council]]
* Vice-President and Chairman of the National Council.
* Four members of the [[Cabinet of Carucere|Cabinet]].
** Minister of Defense, Home Affairs and External Communications
** Minister of Foreign Affairs
** Minister of Finance, Economic Planning and Development
** Minister of Housing and Land Use Planning
* Premier of Carucere.
* Other delegates appointed by the President.
 
===Current members===
==Role==
==Role==
Carucere has a ''de-facto'' fusion of a {{wp|presidential system|presidential}} and a {{wp|Directorial system|collegiate}} system. While the President decides the direction and priorities of the Government as the permanent presiding officer, ultimately executive power is collectively wielded by the Council. While the President can wield some political influence as ''de jure'' {{wp|head of state}}, ultimately their ''de facto'' power relies on a supportive National Council, and is not directly attributed to the post of president. Traditionally the Council operates "above" ethnic partisanism, representing the entire country instead.  
Carucere has a ''de-facto'' fusion of a {{wp|presidential system|presidential}} and a {{wp|Directorial system|collegiate}} system. While the President decides the direction and priorities of the Government as the permanent presiding officer, ultimately executive power is collectively wielded by the Council. While the President can wield some political influence as ''de jure'' {{wp|head of state}}, ultimately their ''de facto'' power relies on a supportive National Council, and is not directly attributed to the post of president. Traditionally the Council operates "above" ethnic partisanism, representing the entire country instead.  
Line 29: Line 44:


As the main executive organ, the Council defines the collective political and policy direction of the Government and oversees the Cabinet to ensure the implementation of policy as determined by the National Council. The National Council also has limited legislative initiative by enacting decrees with the full force of law and by submitting legislation to the Senate. All bills must be approved by the National Council for it to become law.
As the main executive organ, the Council defines the collective political and policy direction of the Government and oversees the Cabinet to ensure the implementation of policy as determined by the National Council. The National Council also has limited legislative initiative by enacting decrees with the full force of law and by submitting legislation to the Senate. All bills must be approved by the National Council for it to become law.
==Powers & Duties==
==Powers & Duties==
To perform their duties, the National Council are given the following powers:  
To perform their duties, the National Council are given the following powers:  
* to {{wp|promulgate}} laws. The Council lacks a formal {{wp|veto}} power but may refer the law for review by the Constitutional Council if the National Council doubts its constitutionality. However if the court approves, the National Council must approve the bill.  
* to {{wp|promulgate}} laws.  
* to veto laws, decree-laws, regulatory decrees and other Government decrees.
* to refer the law for review by the Constitutional Council if the National Council doubts its constitutionality.  
* to declare war.
* to declare war.
* to hold a referendum regarding issues of national importance.
* to hold a referendum regarding issues of national importance.
Line 48: Line 64:


==Election==
==Election==
The electoral system for the National Council is unique among many democracies in the world as it uses an elected {{wp|electoral college}}. Under the current electoral law, candidates are required to have a certain number of signatures from the public or endorsements by five Senators to stand for election. A candidate can stand individually or form a electoral coalition with additional candidates. On election day, the public elects presidential electors to form an [[Carucerean electoral college|Electoral College]] using {{wp|proportional representation}}. The electoral college then elects the five members of the National Council as well as the President and Vice President from its members. All candidates are elected together on a single ticket by a simple majority vote.
The electoral system for the President of Carucere is unique among politics systems, reflecting its consociational principles. Under the current electoral law, presidential candidates are required to have a certain number of signatures from the public or endorsements by five Senators to stand for election. To win outright a candidate must win more than half of the total votes cast in the election and at least 33% of the votes cast in six of the eleven provinces of Carucere. If no candidate achieves this, the election proceeds to a run-off election where candidate with the higher number of nationwide votes wins. The President may only be reelected once and are limited to two full terms in office.

Revision as of 21:07, 5 August 2023

National Council of Carucere
Nasyonal Konsey Karuke
Coat of arms of Annene.png
Coat of Arms of Carucere
Government of Carucere
StyleHis/Her Excellency
StatusHead of government
AppointerDirect election (President)
President
Term lengthFour years, no term limit
Inaugural holder
Formation1972; 52 years ago (1972)

The National Council of Carucere (Papotement: Nasyonal Konsey Karuke), is an executive body which serves as the collective de jure head of government of Carucere. While the President of Carucere is the leading political figure within the National Council as de facto head of state, it is the Council as a whole that serves as the highest executive authority in Carucere.

The number of members on the National Council typically varies, but it always includes the President of Carucere, Vice-President, and Premier. The National Council formally exercises executive power in Carucere, such as the authority to formulate policies and draft measures. The Council oversees the administration of the country through its supervision of the Cabinet, which consists of the heads of government ministries. The Council also serves as an unofficial upper house to the Senate. Although the President is the permanent presiding officer of the Council, they are primus inter pares within the Council which operates through consensus decision-making.

Composition

The exact number of members that preside on the National Council has varied since its creation, based upon political convention. The Constitution of 1972, mandated the inclusion of seven members but gave no limit to the number of delegates the President may appoint. In the 1990s, the Senate limited the number of delegates the President may appoint up to ten; as a result the maximum number of delegates that could serve on the National Council is seventeen.

Today the Council consists of the following members:

  • President of the National Council
  • Vice-President and Chairman of the National Council.
  • Four members of the Cabinet.
    • Minister of Defense, Home Affairs and External Communications
    • Minister of Foreign Affairs
    • Minister of Finance, Economic Planning and Development
    • Minister of Housing and Land Use Planning
  • Premier of Carucere.
  • Other delegates appointed by the President.

Current members

Role

Carucere has a de-facto fusion of a presidential and a collegiate system. While the President decides the direction and priorities of the Government as the permanent presiding officer, ultimately executive power is collectively wielded by the Council. While the President can wield some political influence as de jure head of state, ultimately their de facto power relies on a supportive National Council, and is not directly attributed to the post of president. Traditionally the Council operates "above" ethnic partisanism, representing the entire country instead.

The Council's greatest power is their ability to appoint the Premier and other members of the Cabinet. However, since the Senate must approve the election by a majority vote, the Premier named by the president must be supported by the Senate, or the candidate will be denied. The National Council has the discretionary power to dissolve the Senate when they see fit, such as when the National Council is unable to govern due to the Senate's disapproval. The Council must promulgate all laws enacted by the Senate for them to come into force. However the National Council has the authority to veto laws, although the Senate can override this by a two-thirds majority vote. They may also refer the law for review by the Constitutional Council if the Council votes to doubt its constitutionality.

As the main executive organ, the Council defines the collective political and policy direction of the Government and oversees the Cabinet to ensure the implementation of policy as determined by the National Council. The National Council also has limited legislative initiative by enacting decrees with the full force of law and by submitting legislation to the Senate. All bills must be approved by the National Council for it to become law.

Powers & Duties

To perform their duties, the National Council are given the following powers:

  • to promulgate laws.
  • to veto laws, decree-laws, regulatory decrees and other Government decrees.
  • to refer the law for review by the Constitutional Council if the National Council doubts its constitutionality.
  • to declare war.
  • to hold a referendum regarding issues of national importance.
  • to issue decrees with the full force of legislation. However decrees can be overridden if the Senate passes conflicting legislation.
  • to submit legislation to the Senate.
  • to issue medals and honors for serving the nation.
  • to issue pardons.
  • to declare a state of emergency suspending all laws or enacting a state of martial law.
  • to regulate and join treaties, alliances, and other agreements coming from foreign states according to the Constitution.
  • to appoint the Premier and other members of the Cabinet.
  • to appoint senior public officials.

Operation

Meetings

Election

The electoral system for the President of Carucere is unique among politics systems, reflecting its consociational principles. Under the current electoral law, presidential candidates are required to have a certain number of signatures from the public or endorsements by five Senators to stand for election. To win outright a candidate must win more than half of the total votes cast in the election and at least 33% of the votes cast in six of the eleven provinces of Carucere. If no candidate achieves this, the election proceeds to a run-off election where candidate with the higher number of nationwide votes wins. The President may only be reelected once and are limited to two full terms in office.