Pyinthar

People's Republic of Pyinthar ပြည်သူ့ သမ္မတနိုင်ငံ ပြိန်ထရ (Pyinthari) Pyi Thu Samma Da Nain Ngan Pyain-ṭhar
Flag Seal
Anthem: ကမ္ဘာမကျေ Kaba Ma Kyei "Till the End of the World"
Location of Pyinthar in Abaria
Subdivisional map of Pyinthar
Capital and largest city	Hcajhan
Official languages	Pyinthari
Recognised regional languages	Thanhliênese Lanhsavanian
Ethnic groups (2022)	62.8% Pyinthari 21.4% Thanhliênese 7.1% Lanhsavanian 5.6% Mylasian 2.6% Yinese 0.5% Other
Religion (2022)	81.2% No religion 6.8% Gregorianism 4.7% Himayan 2.4% Sendou 4% Other
Demonym(s)	Pyinthari
Government	Unitary Arvidsenist one-party socialist republic under a totalitarian military junta
• Chairman	Hla Htay
• President	Moe Thiri
• Premier	Zaw Lin
Legislature	People's Assembly
History
• Hcajhan City-state	c. 200 BCE
• Kathaiwabha Kingdom	c. 1350
• Gyadhao Empire	July 1758
• Republic of Pyinthar	1 August 1899
• Establishment of the Revolutionary Council	18 September 1941
• Current constitution	13 April 1968
Area
• Total	443,322.5 km2 (171,167.8 sq mi)
• Water (%)	3.0
Population
• 2022 estimate	96,409,460
• Density	217.47/km2 (563.2/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)	2022 estimate
• Total	$515.694 billion
• Per capita	$5,349
GDP (nominal)	2022 estimate
• Total	$165.053 billion
• Per capita	$1,712
Gini (2022)	31.7 medium
HDI (2022)	0.611 medium
Currency	Shwé (ရွှေ/Ꞩ, PYS)
Time zone	UTC-5 (Pyinthari Standard Time, PST)
Date format	dd-mm-yyyy
Driving side	right
Calling code	+68
Internet TLD	.py

Pyinthar (Pyinthari: ပြိန်ထရ; PLCTS: Pyain-ṭhar; [pjɪ̀ɰ̃.tʰa̰]), officially the People's Republic of Pyinthar (Pyinthari: ပြည်သူ့ သမ္မတနိုင်ငံ ပြိန်ထရ; PLCTS: Pyi Thu Samma Da Nain Ngan Pyain-ṭhar), is a sovereign state located in Western Abaria. It shares its only land border with Yingok to the west and its other close neighbors are X and X to the east, with the Jade Sea being located along most of the coastline. It is the second largest country by area in Mainland Western Abaria and has a population of about 96 million. The country's capital and largest city is Hcajhan.

Early civilizations in the area stemmed from the immigration of southern Yinese people between 1500 and 1000 BCE. These later developed into more sedentary societies that included the Pyinthari- and Thanhliênese-speaking city-states, many of which arose around the 2nd century BCE. These city-states persisted until around the 9th century CE when many formed various regional confederations, in a period known as the Three Kingdoms Period. Following the establishment of the Hcajhan Kingdom around 1050 CE, the Pyinthari culture, language and religions became the dominant forms within the region. The Hcajhan Kingdom fell to the Artuchids around the late 13th century, where it was later replaced by the 2nd Three Kingdoms Period, with the kingdoms of Kathaiwabha, Daghein, and Thiênh (from west to east respectively). By the 16th century, the Kathaiwabha had subsumed the two others, forming the Taungumein Kingdom, which reunified most of what had been under the domain of the Hcajhan Kingdom earlier on. After a brief war against Yingok the Taungumein Kingdom collapsed, giving way to the Gyadhao Kingdom in 1758, which formed the modern borders and culture of Pyinthar.

TBD

Etymology

The etymology of the word "Pyinthar" is believed to be derived from the ancient Pyinthari words Pyin (ပြိန်) and Thar (ထရ). Pyin suggested a sort of connection, union, or harmony, with Thar implying a further sense of grandeur or significance. Over time, it is believed that these two words conjoined into some vague "Land/People of Harmony," though this particular etymology is disputed.

Alternatively, others have interpreted it as meaning "the noble homeland" or just "the homeland," as the actual definition of each constituent word being difficult to trace and translate. However, most scholarly debates focus more so on the former etymology, seeing as how the term is used for the nation and its people.

History

Prehistory

Archaeological evidence shows that Homo erectus lived in the region now known as Pyinthar as early as 750,000 to 800,000 years ago, with no more erectus finds after 75,000 years ago. The first evidence of Homo sapiens is dated to between 45,000 and 50,000 years ago with discoveries of stone tools in central Pyinthar. Evidence of Neolithic age domestication of plants and animals and the use of polished stone tools dating to sometime between 10,000 and 6,000 BCE has been discovered in the form of cave paintings in Bhatah-Pyin Caves.

The Bronze Age arrived c. 1500 BCE when people in the region were turning copper into bronze, growing rice and domesticating poultry and pigs; they were among the first people in the world to do so. Human remains and artefacts from this era were discovered in Thayeba District in the Inngyi Region. The Iron Age began around 500 BCE with the emergence of iron-working settlements in an area south of present-day Minthada. Evidence also shows the presence of rice-growing settlements of large villages and small towns that traded with their surroundings as far as Yingok between 500 BCE and 200 CE. Iron Age Pyinthari cultures also had influences from outside sources such as X and X, as seen in their funerary practices concerning child burials. This indicates some form of communication between groups in Pyinthar and other places, possibly through trade.