Commonwealth Army Structure and Organisation

The Commonwealth Army's tactical and operational formations reached their current structure after the military reforms of the early-1960s. it drew together lessons learnt from the mechanised battles of the Great Fascist War and the advent of tactical nuclear weapons. Theorists hypothesised that, in an environment characterised by the massed usage of weapons of massed destruction (or, in the contemporary environment, precision-guided munitions), large concentrations of forces which stay together for too long a period of time are liable to be detected and consequently suffer the murderous effects of the deadly new weapons. As such, dispersion, concealment and mobility are the most important contributors towards survivabilty, with concentration only achieved just before a major engagement and rapidly reversed immediately afterwards. In an environment with low force density and the absence of fixed front lines, war will be characterised by duels between mobile combined arms groups which can maneouvre at will, placing a premium on aggressive leadership and initiative from the lowest levels of command. Overall, Arthuristan ground forces organisation and doctrine are completely optimised for high intensity operations against peer great powers, making no compromises for asymmetrical warfare.

While combined arms divisions form the basic building-block of the army, divisions will fight as autonomous brigade groups (ABGs), each in turn subdivided into task-organised battalion battle groups (BBGs), with divisional HQ allocating support where needed and corps and army HQ doing the same at their levels as needed. The result, the planners hoped, was a system which possesses both the virtue of flexibility and the ability to rapidly concentrate combat power at the decisive schwerpunkt in a massed mechanised battle under the doctrine of Integrated Mobile Operations.

Order of Battle

As a maritime power, Arthurista relies on a very small professional army in peacetime, with the bulk of its heavy combat forces stationed in Lyncanestria and the Allamunnic States. However, in wartime, the army would be able to mobilise significant Territorial personnel in order to augment the regular forces.

The regular army is capable of deploying up to 14 maneouvre brigade group in peacetime. It may also assume operational command over the Commonwealth Marines where necessary.

The full Commonwealth Army Order of Battle may be found at this link.

Divisions

<imgur thumb="yes" w="400" comment="A notional Commonwealth Army Armoured Division, with three Armoured Brigade Groups and supporting elements.">9ZCd44G.png</imgur>

<imgur thumb="yes" w="400" comment="A notional Commonwealth Army Mechanised Division, with one Armoured Brigade Group, two Mechanised Brigade Groups and supporting elements.">gOckeqp.png</imgur>

<imgur thumb="yes" w="300" comment="The 1st Parachute Brigade">GL2ds2A.png</imgur>

The full strength of a division typically ranges between 18,000 personnel. It typically consists of three manoeuvre brigades and a number of supporting elements. A typical armoured division is comprised of three Armoured Brigade Groups, whereas an infantry division has two mechanised infantry and one armoured brigade groups.

Arthuristan maneouvre units fight in the form of all-arms brigade groups. Combat support elements such as artillery, engineer, air defence and logistics are organic to the brigade group itself, rather than devolved from a 'divisional pool'. A divisional headquarters functions at the operational tier, directing its manoeuvre brigade groups, forming the linkage between brigade groups and corps headquarters in a major theatre war.

Brigade Groups

Maneouvre brigade groups are the primary tactical unit of the Commonwealth Army. They consist of between three battalions or battalion-sized regiments of the primary combat arm, together with various combat support and combat sustainment elements. Each manoeuvre brigade group is capable of independent operations on its own logistical resources for up to 72 hours.

The modern Arthuristan brigade group is networked with the latest C4I technology, armed with precision-guided munitions, and generally much more nimble than its earlier ad hoc counterpart. It has been calculated that a well-supported brigade group can hold roughly as much ground as a Great Fascist War-era division, monitor a greater area with its reconnaissance assets and UAVs and is much more lethal in combat utilising both its organic armaments and supporting fires, which it is significantly more capable in coordinating.

Brigade groups are responsible for generating from within its units a 'Brigade Patrol Group', comprised of spare Battleaxe utility cars from within its order of battle, and enhanced with thermal imaging equipment. These semi-permanent groupings of vehicles provide a significant measure of organic reconnaissance capability to their parent formation, acting as a link between the divisional cavalry and the constituent battle groups' own reconnaissance elements.

Armoured Brigade Groups and Armoured Infantry Brigade Groups

An Arthuristan heavy Brigade Group is a combined arms formation, equipped with armoured fighting vehicles and optimised for force-on-force engagements on open terrain against a similarly-equipped opposing force.

These units are traditionally built around heavy armoured combat vehicles, i.e. the Boudicca Main Battle Tank (armoured regiments), Claymore Infantry Fighting Vehicle (armoured infantry battalions), FV430 Bulldog armoured personnel carriers (mechanised infantry battalions) and Ultima Self Propelled Howitzer (self-propelled artillery regiments).

In action, the armoured regiments and infantry battalions would exchange squadrons and companies to form combined arms battlegroups. Each is typically supported by an artillery battery and other elements to form an autonomous combat team.

Mechanised Brigade Group

Mechanised Brigade Groups are wheel-mobile units, built around the FV 452 Liberator or FV459 Ulysses. They provide divisions with maneouvre-protected infantry units capable of supporting armoured formations in mixed terrain. Instead of brute firepower, they would now leverage advanced C4I capabilities, remote-fires and non-line of sight weapons, as well as superlative on-road mobility when operating in well-developed regions, in order to achieve the same effect, while being able to sustain a significantly higher operational tempo.

Each Mechanised Brigade Group is paired with a Yeomanry Armoured Regiment of the Territorial Army, comprised of part-time reservists. They train closely with their paired Mechanised Brigade Group in peacetime. Normally, only the regulars are deployed overseas, but in the event that high intensity warfare against a peer enemy is likely, the Brigade Group would be reinforced by its attached contingent of tanks.

Light Infantry Brigade Group

The only light infantry unit of the peacetime regular army is the 1st Parachute Brigade, which contains the three regular battalions of the Parachute Regiment, which are trained and equipped for airborne operations, although in reality they are more often employed as air assault infantry. The navy's Commonwealth Marines provide a similar highly-trained 'shock troop' capability. Whilst not capable of parachuting, they are trained in amphibious warfare, as well as operation in hostile environments such as subarctic or mountainous conditions.

High-level combat support elements

Artillery and Ballistic Missiles

Each maneouvre brigade group has an organic artillery regiment (equivalent to a 'battalion' in international parlance). A Divisional Artillery Group consists of a brigade HQ, an ISTAR company, a heavy artillery regiment (with two batteries of MLRS and two batteries of 203mm howitzers), a medium range SAM regiment and a support regiment.

Both the III and V Corps have Corps Artillery Groups. Their firing units consist of two heavy artillery regiments, and two regiments of long-range SAM's.

Army Aviation

Army aviation assets almost always attached to higher operational commands. Each of the four heavy divisions are supported by an attack helicopter regiment, with 32 attack helicopters in four squadrons plus a medium drone squadron.

Support

Each Brigade Group has a support regiment, allowing it to conduct independent operations when separated from its parent division for a time. However, it is an austere formation which is not meant to provide for sustained, high intensity operations. For instance, it is estimated that an armoured brigade group can only maintain independent operations on its own for 72 hours without additional support from higher headquarters.

As such, Force Support Brigades can be found at the divisional and corps levels. These are flexible units which can provide logistical support for between one to ten brigade groups, depending on the number of support regiments under its command. In addition, it may contain units of military intelligence, military police, engineering, maintenance, medical, CRBN defence or other support services as and when required. A corps or theatre commander has the option of massing all divisional or corps Force Support Brigades under his purview and set up a centralised sustainment command (expeditionary) or theatre sustainment command to take charge of logistics and combat support throughout the theatre of operations.

Regiments and Battalions

NOTE:

• Armoured, cavalry, artillery and engineering regiments are the functional equivalent of infantry battalions. The difference in nomenclature is purely ceremonial.

• Armoured regiments and armoured infantry battalions never enter combat in the form set out in the paper TO&E. Rather, they cross-attach companies and squadrons to each other to form ad hoc combined arms battlegroups, which in addition are normally assigned a battery of self-propelled guns for close support.

• Each artillery or MLRS regiment contains a fire direction company, each of four fire direction platoons of four fire direction teams. Each infantry company or armoured squadron is supported by a single fire direction team, leaving a fire direction platoon in reserve at the disposal of the brigade commander.

<imgur thumb="yes" w="300" comment="A battalion of light infantry.">eRve1cr.png</imgur>

Armoured Regiment

• HQ (3x MBT's, 7x command tracks)

• 3-4 x Armoured squadrons

• 1 x HQ (2 x MBTs, 4 x Apollo Motors Battleaxe, 2x MBT)
• 3 x Tank troops (4 MBTs each)
• 1 x Recovery detachment (2 armoured recovery vehicles, 1 Apollo Motors Battleaxe)

• 1 x Armoured Maneouvre Support Squadron

• 1 x SP Mortar battery (8 x Claymore-AMV, 3 x fire observer teams in Apollo Motors Battleaxes)
• 1 x Reconnaissance troop (6 x FV107 Scimitar)
• 1 x Recovery detachment (2x recovery vehicles, 1 x Apollo Motors Battleaxe)
• 1 x Assault Pioneer platoon (4 x Terrier or FV180)

Armoured Infantry Battalion

• HQ

• 3-4 x Armoured Infantry Companies

• 1 x HQ (2 x Command Vehicles, 4 x Apollo Motors Battleaxe)
• 3 x Mechanised Platoons (4x Claymore Infantry Fighting Vehicle)
• 1 x Recovery detachment (2x armoured recovery vehicles)

• 1 x Armoured Infantry Maneouvre Support Company

• 1 x SP Mortar battery (8 x Claymore-AMV, 3 x fire observer teams in Apollo Motors Battleaxes)
• 1 x Reconnaissance platoon (6 x FV107 Scimitar)
• 1 x Recovery detachment (2 x recovery vehicles, 1 x Apollo Motors Battleaxe)
• 1 x Sniper section, 2 x Apollo Motors Battleaxe)
• 1 x Assault Pioneer platoon (4 x Terrier or FV180)

Mechanised Battalion

• HQ

• 3 x Mechanised Companies

• 1 x HQ (2 x Command Vehicles, 4 x Apollo Motors Battleaxe, 1 x Medical vehicle)
• 3 x Mechanised Platoons (4x FV 452 Liberator or FV 459 Ulysses ICV)
• 1 x Assault Gun Platoon (4 x Liberator Fire Support Vehicle or Ulysses AGV)
• 1 x Sniper team (2 x Apollo Motors Battleaxe)
• 1 x Recovery detachment (2x armoured recovery vehicles)

• 1 x Mechanised Maneouvre Support Company

• 1 x Reconnaissance troop (6 x FV107 Scimitar)
• 2 x Tank Destroyer Platoons (4 x Battleaxe Anti-Tank Vehicle each)
• 1 x Recovery detachment (2x recovery vehicles, 1 x Apollo Motors Battleaxe)
• 1 x Assault Pioneer platoon (4 x Liberator APV or Ulysses APV)
• 1 x Mortar Platoon (4x Mortar Carrier Vehicle or FV 459 Ulysses MOV)

Light Infantry Battalion

• HQ

• 3 x Infantry companies

• 1 x HQ
• 3 x Rifle platoons (4 x Apollo Motors Battleaxe each)
• 6 x Vesper missile Command-Launch Units

• 1 x Infantry Maneouvre Support Company

• 1 x Mortar battery (8 x 81mm, 8 x Pinzgauer HMATV 4x4, 3 x fire observer teams in Apollo Motors Battleaxes)
• 1 x Reconnaissance Platoon (6 x Apollo Motors Battleaxe)
• 1 x Sniper section, 2 x Apollo Motors Battleaxe)
• 1 x Assault Pioneer Platoon

Armoured Cavalry Regiment

• HQ (3x MBT's, 7x command vehicles)

• 2 x Armoured squadrons

• 1 x HQ (2 x MBTs, 4 x Apollo Motors Battleaxe, 2x MBT)
• 3 x Tank troops (4 MBTs each)
• 1 x Recovery detachment (2 armoured recovery vehicles, 1 Apollo Motors Battleaxe)

• 2 x Cavalry Squadrons

• HQ (2x Springbok command vehicles, 3x Apollo Motors Battleaxe)
• 3 x Cavalry Troop (4 x Springbok-ACV)
• 1 x Recovery Detachment (2x Recovery Vehicles, 1x Battleaxe)

• Armoured Cavalry Maneouvre Support Squadron

• 1 x Recovery detachment (2x recovery vehicles, 1 x Apollo Motors Battleaxe)
• 1 x Mortar battery (6x Springbok Armoured Cavalry Vehicle Springbok 81mm mortars)
• 1 x Anti-tank troop (6x Battleaxe-MCV, 3x Battleaxe re-supply vehicles)

Armoured Artillery Regiment

• HQ
• 3 x 155mm SPH batteries (8x Ultima Self Propelled Howitzer or M109 each, fire direction centre)
• 1 x Forward observer group
• 1x AA battery (8 x Stormer HVM)
• 1x NLOS missile battery (8x Vantage missile launch vehicles)

Motorised Artillery Regiment

• HQ
• 3 x 155mm SPH batteries (8x Vulcan AMFG each, fire direction centre)
• 1 x Forward observer group
• 1 x AA battery (8x Ulysses AAV)
• 1 x NLOS missile battery (8x Vantage missile launch vehicles)

Light Artillery Regiment

• HQ
• 3 x six-guns 105mm L118 light gun
• 1 x eight-piece 120mm RT F1 rifled mortar battery
• 1 x Forward observer group
• 1 x AA battery (12x Starstreak firing posts)
• 1 x NLOS missile battery (8x Battleaxe-MCV, 3x Battleaxe re-supply vehicles)

Heavy Artillery Regiment

• HQ
• 2 x MLRS Batteries (6 Gorgon MLRS, fire direction centre)
• 2 x Heavy Artillery Batteries (6x L897 Warhammer, fire direction centre)
• 1 x Forward observer group

SAM Regiment (divisional)

• HQ
• 1 x L-Band phased array early warning radar - towed
• 4 x SAM Batteries (Battery HQ, GIRAFFE Radar, 6 x AD-16 carrier trucks)
• 12x Radar decoys

SAM Regiment (Corps)

• HQ
• 1 x L-Band phased array early warning radar - towed
• 4 x SAM Batteries (Battery HQ, 6x AD-12 Area Defence Missile TEL, 2x tracked auxiliary loader vehicles, 2x X-Band engagement radar, prime-mover lorries)
• 12x Radar decoys

ISTAR Regiment

WIP

Gunship Regiment

• HQ
• 4x Gunship Squadrons (8 x Westfields Cheetah, Arthuristan Dynamics Raven each)
• Aviation Support Squadron

Transport helicopter Regiment

WIP

Armoured Engineer Regiment

• HQ

• 3x Field Squadrons

• HQ
• 3x Field Troops (3x Spartan/Stormer, 2x 4-ton lorries, 1x Bar Mine Layer, 4x APCs)
• 1x Field Support Troop (5x Terrier, 1x Digger, 3x Tractor, 1x 4-ton lorry)

• 1x Field Support Squadron

• HQ
• 1x Bridging Troop (2x BR90)
• 1x Plant Troop (crane tractors)
• 1x Resources Troop (3x cranes, 3x diggers)

• 1x Light Aid Detachment

Mechanised Engineer Regiment

WIP

Light Engineer Regiment

WIP

Signals Regiment (Divisional)

• HQ
• 1st Squadron (trunk equipment)
• 2nd Squadron (main divisional HQ support, 1st secondary access node)
• 3rd Squadron (alternative divisional HQ support, 2nd secondary access node)
• 4th Squadron (1st brigade group signals support)
• 5th Squadron (2nd brigade group signals support)
• 6th Squadron (3rd brigade group signals support)

Military Intelligence Regiment

• HQ
• Analysis squadron
• Human Intelligence Squadron
• Psychological Warfare Squadron
• Electronic Intelligence Squadron
• Electronic Warfare Squadron

Logistics Support Regiment

WIP

Infantry Platoon

• HQ team (Platoon leader, sergeant, signaller, mortar spotter)

• 12x Vehicle crews (armoured and mechanised infantry only)

• Three sections of eight men, each divided into two fireteams:

• Section leader (Corporal, L87 rifle plus rifle grenades, fragmentation grenades and smoke grenades, doubles as leader of the first fireteam)
• Rifleman (L87 rifle plus rifle grenades, fragmentation grenades and smoke grenades)
• Rifleman (L87 rifle plus rifle grenades, fragmentation grenades and smoke grenades)
• LSW Gunner (L87 LSW, fragmentation grenades and smoke grenades)

• Section 2nd in command (Lance Corporal, L87 rifle, fragmentation grenades and smoke grenades, also leader of second fireteam)
• Rifleman (L87 rifle plus rifle grenades, fragmentation grenades and smoke grenades)
• GPMG gunner (L6A2 General Purpose Machine Gun, pistol, fragmentation grenades and smoke grenades)
• Machine gun assist (L87 rifle, extra barrel and ammunition MG gunner, fragmentation grenades and smoke grenades)

Each platoon is also issued the following support weapons, to be carried with them when they dismount or left in their vehicle at the platoon commander's discretion:

• 1 x 60mm commando mortar
• 3 x Recoilless rifles (AT48 Recoilless Rifle)
• 2 x GL09 or Milkor MGL
• 2 (light infantry) Vesper-L or Vanguard anti-tank missiles
• 21 x Crossbow disposable AT launchers

In high intensity operations, the platoon's third section will typically be organised into two anti-tank teams, each equipped with an ATGM command-launch unit. In Armoured Infantry or Mechanised Infantry units, these will typically be dismounted from the Sharpshooter Remote Weapon System of their carrier vehicles.

Each section also possesses between four to eight night vision devices and/or thermal sights, depending on availability and unit readiness.