Holynia

Holyn Kingdom Holynska Kráľovstvo
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: Bude Slávne Holynsko! "Be Glorious Holynia!"
Location of Holynia with Artemia
Capital	Cizekporok
Largest city	Bystrica
Official languages	Hornat Masov
Recognised regional languages	Bogor
Ethnic groups (2015)	68.3% Hornat 29.4% Masov 2.3% other
Demonym(s)	Holynian
Government	Constitutional Monarchy
• King	Milanko I
• Prime Minister	Štefan Jahnátek
Legislature	Národná Rada (National Council)
Foundation
• First Holyně Realm	81 BC
• Second Holyně Realm	1052
• Holyně Kingdom	December 1574
• Union of Holyně Socialist States	February 1924
• Second Holyně Kingdom	April 1999
Population
• 2017 estimate	80,230,431
• Density	79.10/km2 (204.9/sq mi)
GDP (nominal)	2018 estimate
• Total	$2.16 trillion
• Per capita	$20,737
HDI (2019)	0.901 very high
Currency	Koruna (HRK)
Calling code	+63
Internet TLD	.hk

Holynia, also referred to as Holyn, officially the Holyn Kingdom (Hornat and Masov: Holynska Kráľovstvo and Holynska Království), is a sovereign country in southeastern Artemia, covering an area of 1,014,174 square kilometers, with 80,230,431 inhabitants within its borders. Owing to Holynia's highly mountainous topography, the inhabitants of the country are widespread, with a population density of 79 people per square kilometer. Holynia borders six countries including, Greyvygor, Ergoth and Idishad. The Kingdom consists of two countries, referred to as Principalities, Hornatyia and Masovia, which is further divided into eight kraj (Regions) and further into 53 counties. The capital and largest city of Holynia is Cizekporok, with a population of over 5 million. The country is a constitutional monarchy, with a parliamentary system of government.

Modern day Holynia traces its history back to the Holyně Realm, which encompassed the Duchy of Hornatyia and Duchy of Masovia. The Holyně Realm grew to control territory within modern-day Greyvygor, Ergoth and Idishad. Eventually internal disputes between the two Duchy's within the Realm led to its collapse c. 120. The Hornatyian Duchy was influential and powerful enough to remain in control of much of the former northern territories of the Holyně Realm. The independent country reformed itself into the Kingdom of Hornatyia and was led by Cizek I. Meanwhile the Masovian monarchy was unstable with numerous rivalries preventing effective rule. The Council of Skrbovice marked the introduction of Catholicism into the former Holyně Realm. In 1052, the Masovian Kingdom finally collapsed with the fall of the Hanák Dynasty, resulting in Hornatyia invading and annexing the Masovian lands and the reestablishment of the Holyně Realm.

In 1310, Holyně was invaded by its northern neighbor Ergoth, this war came to be known as the Catastrophe. The war ended during the Battle of Bavorovská Hill, when the Holynians pushed invading forces back into Ergoth. The destruction as a result of the war set the Kingdom back several hundred years. The first national legislature, the National Council of Hornatyia and Masovia convened in 1611. The Kingdom began a slow growth, with the economy transforming from outdated medieval economics to capitalism. At the start of the 20th century, a wealth gap of major proportions developed within Holynia. In 1921, the Workers' Party of Holynia was formed and grew in popularity in the poorer and more rural countryside. Communist visionaries led by Volen Hajek eventually overthrew the monarchy and established the Democratic Socialist Republic of Holynia.

Volen Hajek died in 1941 and was replaced by Jan Kříž, who ruled over a period of rapid industrialization and growing authoritarian rule. Failed agricultural reforms in the late 1940s led to the Bogor famine. Kříž died in 1959 and was succeeded by Jiří Liška. Liška initially oversaw a period of economic stagnation. In 1971, Liška approved major economic reforms reducing the centrally planned economy and introducing a "socialist-oriented market economy".

Kamil Sládek succeeded Liška in 1975 and oversaw a period of growing authoritarianism and rapid spending. A series of natural disasters slowed Holynia's economy including the 1987 Vamik Dam collapse and the 1989 Łuków Volcano eruption. The 1993 death of Kamil Sládek saw Vlastimil Prusík succeed the longtime leader. Economic reforms introduced in 1995 failed to revive the sluggish economy. Ethnic and political tensions in Bogoria boiled over into an active rebellion. The violence in Bogoria and widespread dissaproval of Prusík's reforms saw the Workers Party fall from power by June 1998.

A new constitution and democratic elections were held in late 1998. The first democratic government was led by Jonáš Široký. In 1999 the Treisberg accords were signed, officially ending the war and granting independence to Bogoria. Economic reforms and political reforms conducted by the Široký government saw a dramatic rise in unemployment. In late 1999, Holynia became a monarchy with the return of the royal family and the adoption of the second post-Communist constitution. In 2000, Holynia saw its first annual GDP growth since 1995. In 2010, a regional referendum on Masovian independence was defeated with 67% of the populace voting to remain within Holynia.

Holynia is a highly developed country, with an advanced high income economy and high living standards. The country has extremely low unemployment rates, however varying rates of wealth inequality. The country boasts a post-industrial economy, with a growing e-market developing within Holynia. Since 2004, Holynia has seen yearly GDP growth of 4-8 percent, with the economy still growing at rapid rates in 2016. Holynia is a member of the not!UN, Southern Artemia Commerce Initiative, International Trade Commission, and the Global Monetary Fund.

History

Communist Holynia

The continuing crisis in Holynia was exasperated by the 1921 founding of the Holyn Workers Party. Communist leader Volen Hajek founded People's Councils in Bystrica and Uhrov. The councils were formed of popularly elected workers and peasants. The Bystrica people's council rivaled the city council in issuing decrees. Members of the police force in Bystrica declared allegiance to the People's Council. The People's Councils were declared illegal by the monarchy in Cizekporok. Kováč II sent soldiers to Bystrica in an attempt to stop the councils from operating, however these attempts failed. A general strike was declared by coal miners in northern Hornatyia in solidarity with the People's Councils in Bystrica and Uhrov. By 1923, fighting between the Popular Army of the Workers Party and the monarchist army had erupted. The Workers Party exerted control over most of northern Hornatyia and western Masovia, while the Kováč II's allies controlled central Hornatyia and all of Bogoria. Heavy fighting centered on the city of Uhrov and the midland region of Hornatyia. Cizekporok was surrounded in October 1924 and King Kováč II was evacuated to Staré in eastern Holynia. The fall of Cizekporok culminated in a series of mass deportations of royal family members and supporters. Monarchists responded with the Słomniki massacre in southern Bogoria, killing an estimated 15,000 Bogorian civilians accused of pro communist sympathies. The end of the civil war came in late 1925 when Kováč II abdicated and fled overseas. The war claimed casualties of around 3 million, mainly civilians.

Hajek's government ensued on a campaign of mass nationalisation, seizing land, businesses and industry. Hajek's economic policy heavily favored industry and massive subsidies were granted to rebuild much of Holynia's post war industry. Small private business were permitted to operate and peasants were allowed to sell surplus product on the open market. The state allowed both peasant and collective farms to operate side by side. Hajek's government utilised the SRB to arrest, execute or relocate thousands of peasants whose farms were chosen for collectivization. The large cities of Holynia saw rapid increases in the rate of urbanisation, as peasants relocated seeking employment. By 1930, Holynia's economic output surpassed pre war levels.

The early 1930s saw Hajek centralize control in Cizekporok. A new constitution was adopted in 1931, granting broad powers to the central government in Cizekporok. The Workers' Party was given a constitutional role and political opposition was largely outlawed. Political repression also increased in the 1930s. The SRB forcibly deported tens of thousands of Bogorian civilians to northern Hornatyia to work in coal mines. Internal exile became widespread as Hajek sought to remove political enemies and rivals. By 1935, Hajek's economic policies had managed to reduce unemployment by 25%. Despite the economic growth, rural areas of Holynia faced low standards of living in comparison to the large cities.

Military vehicles in Utena during the 1957 Bogorian unrest.

Volen Hajek's death in 1941 was followed by an internal power struggle. Jan Kříž emerged as the new leader of Holynia. Kříž emphasized continuing collectivization of farming and growing authoritarian rule. Kříž embarked on a campaign of international communism unseen under Hajek. The 1940s would see the defence budget relative to GDP increase to 25%. Kříž argued that communism would only prevail in Holynia if socialism was spread across the continent. The Salcheny crisis saw the first foreign deployment of Holynian troops in 1947. In 1951, neighboring Movargovina fell into chaos after communist rebels seized control of several cities along the border with Holynia. Holynia launched a military invasion of the country in support of the rebels. The Movargovinan government fell after Holyn soldiers and rebels seized the capital of Goranci. In June 1952, Holynia successfully tested its first nuclear weapon.

Crisis enveloped Holynia during the 1957 Bogorian unrest. Bogor civilians protested after Holyn police officers killed several Bogor youths who refused to register for military service. The protests descended into mass insurrection when police opened fire on demonstrators in Utena's main square. Protesters seized the local headquarters of the Workers' Party in Utena. After 3 days, the military and police successfully quashed the rebellion after killing almost 400 civilians. Kříž suffered a heart attack in 1958 and the top leadership of the Workers' Party began making plans for his successor. In March 1959, Kříž suffered a stroke during a live Parliamentary meeting and subsequently fell into a coma. Unable to govern, the Politburo voted to remove Kříž from the post of General Secretary. Jiří Liška became the obvious successor once Kříž eventually died in April.

Liška began removing older leaders within the party, promoting a number of younger party members to key posts. Liška would also begin promoting economic reforms to increase the availability of consumer goods. In April 1960, Holynia launched its first satellite into space, Satelit-1. The government placed great emphasis on the development of Holynia's space program in the 1960s. In 1962, Liška gave a speech at the Workers' Party Congress in Cizekporok. Liška expressed his ideas for major economic reforms to promote greater availability of consumer goods and a higher quality of life for citizens. The centrally planned economy saw elements of a market economy introduced. Small privately owned businesses were permitted to operate alongside state run businesses. State owned businesses and collective farms gained a degree of autonomy from central planners. These industries were permitted to branch into related and different sectors of the economy at their own will.

Politics

Main article: Politics of Holynia

The Národná Rada in Cizekporok, is the national legislature in Holynia.

The Supreme Court in Cizekporok, is the chief court of Holynia and is the court of final appeal in Holynia.

Holynia operates as a constitutional monarchy with a hereditary monarch as head of state and a unicameral parliament, the Národná Rada. The current constitution was adopted on 12 September 2005, replacing the 1997 constitution. The constitution of Holynia places primary governance with the Prime Minister and the cabinet, who are appointed by the monarch after recommendation by members of the Národná Rada. The Prime Minister exerts control over all functions of the executive branch and is de-facto the most powerful politician in the country. The Národná Rada is a 210 seat unicameral legislature which is elected every two years using a proportional representation of political parties, resulting in a diverse array of political parties. A Royal Commissioner is elected by the Národná Rada in a secret ballot every year, who is in charge of overseeing the legality of government actions and issues judgments on certain policies. The ruling monarch holds little power, however has the ability to reject a proposed government and the ability to force from office a ruling government using the Royal Commissioner.

Holynia uses a hybrid of both common-law and civil-law principles with two chief courts, the High Court handling civil cases and the Crown Court handling justice, with the Supreme Court existing as the court of last resort, handling both civil and criminal cases. In addition to the civil and justice courts, military courts and special tribunals also exist in Holynia and handle cases brought by the Supreme Prosecutor of the Ministry of Defence. The Principality of Masovia maintains its own justice system, with Principle Court for civil cases and the Crown Court for criminal justice cases, with the Holynian Supreme Court in Cizekporok as its court of last resort. The Masov justice system is formed in a similar hybrid system like the national court system, however it does not accept a "not proven" verdict in criminal trials. Along with this difference, the civil courts do not allow a jury system, with the sole verdict lying in the hands of the judge. The Principality of Hornatyia utilizes the national Holynian court system for both civil and criminal cases. In addition, Masovian courts are beneath the national Holynian courts, thus a verdict issued by a national Holynian court will affect a verdict issued by a Masov court.

Military

Main articles: Royal Holynian Defence Forces and National Guard of Holynia

The Royal Holynian Defence Forces serve as Holynia's primary military force, consisting of the Ground Force, Navy and the Air Force. Additionally the National Police, Coast Guard and the National Intelligence Directorate are subordinated to military command in wartime. The Defence Forces receives a budget of $101 billion, which is roughly 4.7 percent of the country's GDP. The Defence Forces can call upon 347,192 active personnel, of which 131,245 belong to the Ground Force, 111,314 belong to the Navy and 104,633 belong to the Air Force. The military has relied upon volunteers since the 2001 abolition of conscription. Prior to that, all Holynians that reached the age of 18 were required to perform military service or alternate civil service for a period of at least 6 months.

The Defence Forces fall under the command of the Chief of General Staff who is subordinate to the Minister of Defence. In wartime, Ground Force and Navy command assume respective command of the National Police and the Coast Guard. Defence funding is provided through a annual act of Parliament called the National Defence Allocation Act, which proscribes a budget for the following year. Defence spending was, until 2005, dropping as a result of the fall of communism, however since 2008 the annual budget has grown at least 5% every year. Much of the budget has been spent on modernizing equipment, increasing troop pay, constructing new training and living facilities for servicemen and increasing readiness. Holynia maintains a strong state and private defence industry, dating back to before the communist era. This industry has since expanded with growing exports to foreign nations and a healthy domestic market.

An additional military branch are the two separate National Guards of Holynia, the Hornatyian National Guard and the Masovian National Guard. These were both formed after Parliament devolved powers to form an "internal security force" to the governments of Hornatyia and Masovia. The first National Guard was founded in November 2002 in Masovia, with the establishment of a Ministry for Internal Defence within the Masovian government. The National Guard began recruiting in March 2003 and a training facility in Číchov was handed over from the Holynian Ground Force to the Masovian government. Since its establishment, the National Guard of Masovia has gained a force of 95,710 service members, of which roughly 21,000 are active duty. The National Guard is solely an internal force within Masovia and cannot be deployed into Hornatyia without approval by an act from the Hornatyian legislature. The Masovian National Guard is prohibited by Holynian legislation from deploying internationally outside the national borders of Holynia. Hornatyia maintains a similar National Guard, which is roughly on par with the Masovian one. The Hornatyian National Guard is prohibited from deploying within 100 km of the border with Ergoth because of legal issues stemming to a territorial dispute. Both National Guards have the ability to procure "reasonable weaponry for the defence of the defence of the nation".

Economy

Transport

File:Holyland railway.jpg

A Class 450 high speed train, which can reach a maximum speed of 300 km/h, travels between Cizekporok and Uhrov.

Main article: Transport in Holynia

Holynia maintains a radial road network consisting of 124,713 km of main roads and 11,519 km of motorways, out of a total of 1,119,791 km of paved roads. The motorways are the primary responsibility of the Roadway Directorate, meanwhile main road responsibility are split between the Directorate and local authorities. All non-motorway and main roadways are the responsibility of either local or private entities. Cizekporok maintains the densest road network in the country, along with the longest bypass road in the country. The M1 is the primary motorway between Cizekporok and Bystrica and has the heaviest usage of all motorways in the country. According to the Ministry of Transport, a total of 41 million vehicles were registered in 2012.

Holynia has an extremely dense railway network, with 41,387 km of railway in the country. 35,241 km are electrified at 25 kV AC, with the remaining being non-electrified. The railways fall under the responsibility of the national railway operator, Kráľovskej Holynske železnice (Royal Holynia Railway), which is a private company with the government transport ministry as the sole shareholder. Holynia Railways operates passenger and freight rail services throughout the country. National operator Masovia Rail operates intercity and local passenger services within Masovia. Several private coal companies operate their own private rail lines which connect to the national network. These companies occasionally operate services on the national network under contract by Holynia Railways. Holynia established its first high speed line in 1993 and since then the high speed network has grown to 3,109 km of the national network. Masovia Rail is presently constructing its own high speed line along the coast, utilizing both government and private funding, with service expected to start in 2017.