House of Commons (Themiclesia): Difference between revisions
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}}The '''House of Commons''' | }}The '''House of Commons''' is the elected chamber of Themiclesia's {{wp|bicameral}} legislature, the other being the [[House of Lords (Themiclesia)|House of Lords]]. This house is the one to which the executive branch is responsible and where most government legislation is tabled; in political practice, it is the dominant chamber of the two. | ||
Originally a writing office for drafting decrees and proclamations, historians have emphasized its representative character as the place where those elected by the gentry worked. This character has been exploited by both the crown and court potentates to bolster their political clout. In the [[Great Settlement (Themiclesia)|Great Settlement of 1801]], it was reformed as a representative chamber, with limited legislative powers, to check the crown and its ministers, in conjunction with the Council of Peers. The growing demand for public participation culminated in the Revolution of 1845 that transformed it as the lower chamber of a bicameral legislature. | Originally a writing office for drafting decrees and proclamations, historians have emphasized its representative character as the place where those elected by the gentry worked. This character has been exploited by both the crown and court potentates to bolster their political clout. In the [[Great Settlement (Themiclesia)|Great Settlement of 1801]], it was reformed as a representative chamber, with limited legislative powers, to check the crown and its ministers, in conjunction with the Council of Peers. The growing demand for public participation culminated in the Revolution of 1845 that transformed it as the lower chamber of a bicameral legislature. | ||
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===Predecessor=== | ===Predecessor=== | ||
{{main|Council of Protonotaries}} | {{main|Council of Protonotaries}} | ||
The House of Commons was understood as a evolution of the Council of Protonotaries (or Prothonoraries in some works) by many writers contemporary to its creation. The Council of Protonotaries was an ancient institution, emerging in the historical record in the 4th century, that originally served as the royal secretariat. This function entailed oversight or at least awareness of the political agenda of the wider royal court, which was composed of bureaucrats and hereditary nobles, but the civic election system was ultimately the source of its political character, whereby the gentry voiced its opinions and entered the bureaucracy. | |||
While the Council was not a legislative body in any sense, most policies being made by the crown with [[Peerage of Themiclesia|peers]] and leading ministers, the Council was seen as a porthole of the gentry's opinions, who provided virtually all civil and military officers in the metropole. In the [[Great Settlement (Themiclesia)|Great Settlement]] of 1801, a strong concurrence of opinions motivated additional checks on the crown by empowering institutions that represented the gentry and peerage. Under Casaterran influence, regular elections and the majority rule were established in the Council, so as to reduce the crown's ability to manipulate it. To this institution, around 10,000 land-owning families, all entrenched local elites and serving the royal bureaucracy, triennially elected representatives.<ref>The number of enfranchised households consistently expanded between 1801 and 1844, the final time the Council was elected before reform.</ref> | |||
Through the Council's enhanced powers were primarily designed to check the crown, the rapid spread of Casaterran political philosophies engendered the mercantile class to support further political reforms that would provide them with political influence. Social liberalization also encouraged traditional gentry families to take advantage of their assets and participate in the developing economy. By 1830, the alliance that instituted the anti-crown reforms had split between hardline conservatives and reformists, the latter of which would join the (then unenfranchised) mercantile lobby and remnants of the Imperialists, who supported a more active monarchy. Merchants and junior administrators staged two important strikes the paralyzed the government in 1841 and 1844. Combined with fear of revolution, the Council of Protonotaries was reformed into the House of Commons. | |||
===Establishment=== | ===Establishment=== | ||
It should be noted that the House of Commons was not simply the Council of Protonotaries with an enlarged electorate. In 1801, Themiclesian leaders did not consciously incorporate any significant separation of powers; the Council of Protonotaries and the Council of Peers compelled the reigning emperor to make a public oath essentially to surrender royal power to the two chambers, which jointly governed the country as a sovereign power. Their powers were limited only by the unity and political inclinations of the political class, which comprised of less than 0.1% of the country by population. | |||
During the fora between the crown and the two councils, several schemes to reform the entire government were tabled. [[Emperor Ng'jarh (Themiclesia)|Emperor Ng′jarh]] sided with the Reformists, hoping that some authority might be restored to the throne through a constitutional monarchy; however, the hardline conservatives were against any "independent political power" vested in the crown. The government sent a mission to [[New Tyran|Anglia and Lerchernt]] and [[Sieuxerr]] to study their respective governments, and the former, characterized by the mission as moderate and anti-revolution, came to be the dominant influence on the Reformist cause. Ultimately, their primary demand of a "public franchise" was achieved in exchange for not establishing a written constitution and implicitly acknowledging the sovereighty of the future legislature. The reforms came into effect on Nov. 10, 1844, when the Protonotaries were dissolved for the last time. | |||
===19th century=== | |||
While the House of Commons is so translated in {{wp|English|Tyrannian}}, its [[Shinasthana]] name, House of Many Lineages, reflects its early nature as a deliberative assembly of elites, many of whom possessed hereditary titles but did not qualify as Themiclesian peers, which would grant them a seat in the House of Lords instead. | |||
===Early 20th century=== | |||
===Late 20th century=== | |||
==Current composition== | ==Current composition== | ||
Revision as of 03:42, 16 September 2020
House of Commons 羣姓之省 gjun-sjêngh-st′ja-srêng′ | |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Type | |
Term limits | unlimited |
| History | |
| Founded | January 2, 1845 |
| Preceded by | Council of Protonotaries |
| Leadership | |
Speaker | Kaw Rjem MP, Conservative since Mar. 15, 2009 |
Deputy Speaker | Lord P.rjang MP, Liberal since Jan. 4, 2017 |
| Structure | |
| Seats | 225 |
Political groups | Government
Liberals: 132 seats
Opposition Conservatives: 82 seats
Progressives: 14 seats
Independents: 7 seats
|
| Committees | Whole Appropriations Foreign Affairs Defence Industry & Commerce Transport Education Administration Rural Human Rights Minorities |
Length of term | Up to 5 years |
| Elections | |
| first-past-the-post | |
Last election | Dec. 27, 2019 |
Next election | Dec. 27, 2024 latest |
| Redistricting | itself; super-majority required per convention |
| Meeting place | |
 | |
| House of Commons Chamber | |
The House of Commons is the elected chamber of Themiclesia's bicameral legislature, the other being the House of Lords. This house is the one to which the executive branch is responsible and where most government legislation is tabled; in political practice, it is the dominant chamber of the two.
Originally a writing office for drafting decrees and proclamations, historians have emphasized its representative character as the place where those elected by the gentry worked. This character has been exploited by both the crown and court potentates to bolster their political clout. In the Great Settlement of 1801, it was reformed as a representative chamber, with limited legislative powers, to check the crown and its ministers, in conjunction with the Council of Peers. The growing demand for public participation culminated in the Revolution of 1845 that transformed it as the lower chamber of a bicameral legislature.
Name
The House of Commons has several names reflecting the evolution of the organization which is notionally connected with the royal secretariat that first appeared in the historical record in the 5th century. The term "house of the lineages" (群姓之省) is often used in the media and members of the public when it is contrasted with the House of Lords.
History
Predecessor
The House of Commons was understood as a evolution of the Council of Protonotaries (or Prothonoraries in some works) by many writers contemporary to its creation. The Council of Protonotaries was an ancient institution, emerging in the historical record in the 4th century, that originally served as the royal secretariat. This function entailed oversight or at least awareness of the political agenda of the wider royal court, which was composed of bureaucrats and hereditary nobles, but the civic election system was ultimately the source of its political character, whereby the gentry voiced its opinions and entered the bureaucracy.
While the Council was not a legislative body in any sense, most policies being made by the crown with peers and leading ministers, the Council was seen as a porthole of the gentry's opinions, who provided virtually all civil and military officers in the metropole. In the Great Settlement of 1801, a strong concurrence of opinions motivated additional checks on the crown by empowering institutions that represented the gentry and peerage. Under Casaterran influence, regular elections and the majority rule were established in the Council, so as to reduce the crown's ability to manipulate it. To this institution, around 10,000 land-owning families, all entrenched local elites and serving the royal bureaucracy, triennially elected representatives.[1]
Through the Council's enhanced powers were primarily designed to check the crown, the rapid spread of Casaterran political philosophies engendered the mercantile class to support further political reforms that would provide them with political influence. Social liberalization also encouraged traditional gentry families to take advantage of their assets and participate in the developing economy. By 1830, the alliance that instituted the anti-crown reforms had split between hardline conservatives and reformists, the latter of which would join the (then unenfranchised) mercantile lobby and remnants of the Imperialists, who supported a more active monarchy. Merchants and junior administrators staged two important strikes the paralyzed the government in 1841 and 1844. Combined with fear of revolution, the Council of Protonotaries was reformed into the House of Commons.
Establishment
It should be noted that the House of Commons was not simply the Council of Protonotaries with an enlarged electorate. In 1801, Themiclesian leaders did not consciously incorporate any significant separation of powers; the Council of Protonotaries and the Council of Peers compelled the reigning emperor to make a public oath essentially to surrender royal power to the two chambers, which jointly governed the country as a sovereign power. Their powers were limited only by the unity and political inclinations of the political class, which comprised of less than 0.1% of the country by population.
During the fora between the crown and the two councils, several schemes to reform the entire government were tabled. Emperor Ng′jarh sided with the Reformists, hoping that some authority might be restored to the throne through a constitutional monarchy; however, the hardline conservatives were against any "independent political power" vested in the crown. The government sent a mission to Anglia and Lerchernt and Sieuxerr to study their respective governments, and the former, characterized by the mission as moderate and anti-revolution, came to be the dominant influence on the Reformist cause. Ultimately, their primary demand of a "public franchise" was achieved in exchange for not establishing a written constitution and implicitly acknowledging the sovereighty of the future legislature. The reforms came into effect on Nov. 10, 1844, when the Protonotaries were dissolved for the last time.
19th century
While the House of Commons is so translated in Tyrannian, its Shinasthana name, House of Many Lineages, reflects its early nature as a deliberative assembly of elites, many of whom possessed hereditary titles but did not qualify as Themiclesian peers, which would grant them a seat in the House of Lords instead.
Early 20th century
Late 20th century
Current composition
Role
Traditions
Premises
See also
Notes
- ↑ The number of enfranchised households consistently expanded between 1801 and 1844, the final time the Council was elected before reform.