Lozhai language: Difference between revisions
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| Line 1,024: | Line 1,024: | ||
!rowspan="3"|1st | !rowspan="3"|1st | ||
!Singular | !Singular | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}} | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}дӑм'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}dä'''·'''m'''</small> | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}} | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}дӑм’аҥ'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}dä'''·'''m’an̈'''</small> | ||
| colspan="2"| Таи'''м'''<br><small>Tai'''m'''</small> | | colspan="2"| Таи'''м'''<br><small>Tai'''m'''</small> | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}м'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}m'''</small> | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}м'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}m'''</small> | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}м’аҥ'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}m’an̈'''</small> | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}м’аҥ'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}m’an̈'''</small> | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}} | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}шӑм'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}şäm'''</small> | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}} | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}шӑм’аҥ'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}şäm’an̈'''</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Plural<br>exclusive | !Plural<br>exclusive | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}} | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}дӑме'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}däme'''</small> | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}} | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}дӑме’аҥ'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}däme’an̈'''</small> | ||
| colspan="2"| Таи'''ме'''<br><small>Tai'''me'''</small> | | colspan="2"| Таи'''ме'''<br><small>Tai'''me'''</small> | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}ме'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}me'''</small> | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}ме'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}me'''</small> | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}ме’аҥ'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}me’an̈'''</small> | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}ме’аҥ'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}me’an̈'''</small> | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}} | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}шӑме'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}şäme'''</small> | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}} | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}шӑме’аҥ'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}şäme’an̈'''</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Plural<br>inclusive | !Plural<br>inclusive | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}} | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}дӑмше'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}dämşe'''</small> | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}} | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}дӑмше’аҥ'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}dämşe’an̈'''</small> | ||
| colspan="2"| Таи'''мше'''<br><small>Tai'''mşe'''</small> | | colspan="2"| Таи'''мше'''<br><small>Tai'''mşe'''</small> | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}мше'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}mşe'''</small> | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}мше'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}mşe'''</small> | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}мше’аҥ'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}mşe’an̈'''</small> | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}мше’аҥ'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}mşe’an̈'''</small> | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}} | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}шӑмше'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}şämşe'''</small> | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}} | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}шӑмше’аҥ'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}şämşe’an̈'''</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="10"| | !colspan="10"| | ||
| Line 1,054: | Line 1,054: | ||
!rowspan="2"|2nd | !rowspan="2"|2nd | ||
!Singular | !Singular | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}} | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}дӑш'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}däş'''</small> | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}} | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}дӑш’аҥ'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}däş’an̈'''</small> | ||
| colspan="2"| Таи'''ш'''<br><small>Tai'''ş'''</small> | | colspan="2"| Таи'''ш'''<br><small>Tai'''ş'''</small> | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}ш'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}ş'''</small> | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}ш'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}ş'''</small> | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}ш’аҥ'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}ş’an̈'''</small> | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}ш’аҥ'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}ş’an̈'''</small> | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}} | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}шӑш'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}şäş'''</small> | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}} | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}шӑш’аҥ'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}şäş’an̈'''</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Plural | !Plural | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}} | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}дӑше'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}däşe'''</small> | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}} | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}дӑше’аҥ'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}däşe’an̈'''</small> | ||
| colspan="2"| Таи'''ше'''<br><small>Tai'''şe'''</small> | | colspan="2"| Таи'''ше'''<br><small>Tai'''şe'''</small> | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}ше'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}şe'''</small> | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}ше'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}şe'''</small> | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}ше’аҥ'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}şe’an̈'''</small> | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}ше’аҥ'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}şe’an̈'''</small> | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}} | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}шӑше'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}şäşe'''</small> | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}} | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}шӑше’аҥ'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}şäşe’an̈'''</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="10"| | !colspan="10"| | ||
| Line 1,075: | Line 1,075: | ||
!rowspan="2"|3d | !rowspan="2"|3d | ||
!Singular | !Singular | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}} | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}дӑй'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}däy'''</small> | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}} | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}дӑй’аҥ'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}däy’an̈'''</small> | ||
| colspan="2"| Таи'''йи'''<br><small>Tai'''yi'''</small> | | colspan="2"| Таи'''йи'''<br><small>Tai'''yi'''</small> | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}й'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}y'''</small> | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}й'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}y'''</small> | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}й’аҥ'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}y’an̈'''</small> | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}й’аҥ'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}y’an̈'''</small> | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}} | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}шӑй'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}şäy'''</small> | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}} | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}шӑй’аҥ'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}şäy’an̈'''</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Plural | !Plural | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}} | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}дӑ{{color|#373778|ԙ}}'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}däye'''</small> | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}} | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}дӑ{{color|#373778|ԙ}}’аҥ'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}däye’an̈'''</small> | ||
| colspan="2"| Таи'''{{color|#373778|ԙ}}'''<br><small>Tai'''y'''</small> | | colspan="2"| Таи'''{{color|#373778|ԙ}}'''<br><small>Tai'''y'''</small> | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}{{color|#373778|ԙ}}'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}ye'''</small> | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}{{color|#373778|ԙ}}'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}ye'''</small> | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}{{color|#373778|ԙ}}’аҥ'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}ye’an̈'''</small> | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}{{color|#373778|ԙ}}’аҥ'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}ye’an̈'''</small> | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}} | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}шӑ{{color|#373778|ԙ}}'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}şäye'''</small> | ||
| Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}} | | Таи'''{{color|#373778|e}}ч{{color|#373778|e}}шӑ{{color|#373778|ԙ}}’аҥ'''<br><small>Tai'''{{color|#373778|e}}ç{{color|#373778|e}}şäye’an̈'''</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="11"| | !colspan="11"| | ||
Revision as of 19:39, 12 April 2021
 | This article is incomplete because it is pending further input from participants, or it is a work-in-progress by one author. Please comment on this article's talk page to share your input, comments and questions. Note: To contribute to this article, you may need to seek help from the author(s) of this page. |
| Qazhshavan Mezhian-Qazhshavan | |
|---|---|
| Марша Гԙл, Маршашла Marşa Gyel, Marşaşla | |
| Pronunciation | [ˈmar.ʃa ɣjæ̝l]  [ˈmar.ʃa.ʃla̽] |
| Native to | Qazhshava |
| Region | Southern Thuadia |
Native speakers | 85 million (2018) |
Mokhavic
| |
Early form | Middle Qazhshavan
|
Standard forms | Mezhian (Qazhshava)
Nashean/Riamese (Riamo)
|
| Dialects |
|
| Official status | |
Official language in |  Qazhshava |
| Regulated by | Qazhshavan Council of Languages |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | qz |
| ISO 639-2 | qzs |
| ISO 639-3 | qzs |
| Glottolog | qazh1331[1] |
 Distribution of the language Absolute majority >35% native speakers | |
Qazhshavan (Qazhshavan: Марша Гԙл, Marşa Gyel [ˈmar.ʃa ɣjæ̝l] ; Маршашла, Marşaşla [ˈmar.ʃa.ʃla̽] ) is a unique langauge spoken in Southern Thuadia, primarily in the Qazhshavan Federation and adjacent areas. It is the only major language in the Mokhavic language family, and the most spoken. It serves as a lingua franca in Qazhshava and among all Mokhavic peoples.
Qazhshavan is also the main language of some areas of Western Thrismari, being notable the case of Nashe, a former colony of Qazhshava and current federal subject of Riamo where the language constitutes a major part of local culture. It is also an important factor that has contributed towards the pro-independentist movement in the region.
Basic information
Qazhshavan is a Pro-Drop agglutinative SVO/SOV language with a moderately complex syllable structure, it puts adjectives before nouns and has postpositions. It has a high number of cases (12~14) compared to its neighbors and shares very little grammar with them. The language is neutorious with its long words.
Writing system
Qazhshavan has 3 official writing systems, of which the Govoric one dominates, it also has an unnoficial verion of it's Latin alphabet which is used mainly by people outside of qazhshava or ones who aren't able to type the special characters. The Traditional Qazhshavan script is used mainly in official documents, not so much in the daily life, but it is kept allive.
| А а | Ӑ ӑ | Б б | В в | Г г | Д д | Е е | Ӗ ӗ | Ж ж |
| З з | И и | Й й | К к | Л л | М м | Н н | Ҥ ҥ | О о |
| П п | Р р | С с | Т т | У у | Ў ў | Ф ф | Х х | X̆ x̆ |
| Ц ц | Дз дз | Ч ч | Дж.дж | Ш ш | Щ щ | Ь ь | Ы ы | Ю ю |
| Я я | Ԙ ԙ |
| A a | Ä ä | B b | C c | Ç ç | D d | Dz dz | E e | Ë ë |
| F f | G g | H h | Hh hh | I i | J j | K k | L l | M m |
| N n | N̈ n̈ | O o | P p | Q q | R r | S s | Ş ş | T t |
| Ts ts | U u | V v | W w | X x | Y y | Ÿ ÿ | Z z | Ӡ ӡ |
| Govoric version | Latin version | IPA Symbol | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Offical | Unofficial | ||||
| А а | A a | /a~ɑ/ | |||
| Ӑ ӑ | Ä ä | /ɤ~ɯ/ | |||
| Б б | B b | /b/ | |||
| В в | V v | /v/ | |||
| Г г | G g | /ɣ~ʕ/ | It can get pronounced as /g/ in foreing word and/or when its doubled or in a stressed syllable | ||
| Д д | D d | /d/ | |||
| Е е | E e | /ɛ/ | |||
| Ӗ ӗ | Ë ë | Oe oe | /ø̞/ | ||
| Ж ж | Ӡ ӡ | Zh zh | /ʒ/ | ||
| З з | Z z | /z/ | |||
| И и | I i | /i~ɨ/ | When its before a vowel it gets pronounced as /ij/. | ||
| Й й | Y y | /j/ | Used after vowels and as first letter. J j is used as /j/ in forein words. | ||
| К к | K k | /k/ | |||
| Л л | L l | /l/ | |||
| М м | M m | /m/ | |||
| Н н | N n | /n/ | |||
| Ҥ ҥ | N̈ n̈ | Ng ng | /ŋ/ | ||
| О о | O o | /ɔ/ | |||
| П п | P p | /p/ | |||
| Кф кф | Q q | /k͡f/ | |||
| Р р | R r | /ɾ/ | |||
| С с | S s | /s/ | |||
| Т т | T t | /t/ | |||
| У у | U u | /u~ʊ/ | It gets pronounsed as /w/ when a final vowel. | ||
| Ў ў | W w | /w/ | |||
| Ф ф | F f | /f/ | |||
| Х х | H h | /x/ | |||
| X̆ x̆ | Hh hh | /ħ/ | |||
| Ц ц | Ts ts | /t͡s/ | |||
| Дз дз | Dz dz | /d͡z/ | |||
| Ч ч | Ç ç | Ch ch | /t͡ʃ/ | ||
| Дж дж | C c | /d͡ʒ/ | |||
| Ш ш | Ş ş | Sh sh | /ʃ/ | ||
| Щ щ | Şt şt | Sht sht | /ʃt/ | ||
| Ь ь | Y y | /◌ʲ/ | Used only after consonants. J j can be it in foreign words. | ||
| Ы ы | Ÿ ÿ | /ɤ~ɯ/ | Used in foreign names and words. | ||
| Ю ю | Yu yu | /ju/ | |||
| Я я | Ya ya | /ja/ | |||
| Ԙ ԙ | Ye ye | /jɛ~jæ̝/ | Pronounciation varies thourghout dialects | ||
| Кс кс | X x Ks ks |
/k͡s/ | The latin 'X x' is used only in foreign words | ||
Phonology
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Epiglottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | ||||
| voiced | b | d | (ɡ) | |||||
| Affricate | voiceless | t͡s | t͡ʃ | |||||
| voiced | d͡z | d͡ʒ | ||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ʃ | x | ħ | ||
| voiced | v | z | ʒ | ɣ ~ ʕ | ||||
| Aproximant | voiced | w | l | j | ||||
| Tap & Trill | ɾ | |||||||
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i~ɨ | u~ʊ ɤ~ɯ | |
| Mid | ø̞ | ||
| Open-Mid | ɛ (æ̝) |
ɔ | |
| Open | a~ɑ | ||
Pronouns
Qazhshavan has basic pronouns that one would find in Common, but has 2 forms of "we" (inclusive and exclusive) as well as the 12 cases:
| Translation to Common | Person and number | Nom. | Acc. | Dat. | Gen. | Ine. | Ade. | Supe. | Sube. | Ill. | Ela. | Ben. | Voc. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I, Me | First | Singular | Ԙм Yem |
Ԙми Yemi |
Ԙмити Yemiti |
Мей Mey |
Ԙмне Yemne |
Мӑԙ Mäye |
Ԙмеми Yememi |
Ԙмемөш Yememöş |
Ԙмдже Yemce |
Ԙмеж Yemeӡ |
Ԙмек Yemek |
|
| You, Your | Second | Шин Şin |
Шини Şini |
Шинити Şiniti |
Ший Şiy |
Шинне Şinne |
Шӑԙ Şäye |
Шинеми Şinemi |
Шинемөш Şinemöş |
Шиндже Şince |
Шинеж Şineӡ |
Шинек Şinek |
Ши'! Şi'! | |
| He, him | Third | Ой Oy |
Ойӑ Oyä |
Ойӑти Oyäti |
Ойин Oyin |
Ойни Oyni |
Ойо Oyo |
Ойеми Oyemi |
Ойемөш Oyemöş |
Ойдже Oyce |
Ойеж Oyeӡ |
Ойек Oyek |
||
| She, her | Ай Ay |
Айӑ Ayä |
Айӑти Ayäti |
Айин Ayin |
Айни Ayni |
Ая Aya |
Аями Ayami |
Аямөш Ayamöş |
Айджа Ayca |
Аяж Ayaӡ |
Аяк Ayak |
|||
| It | Лӑ Lä |
Ойӑ Oyä |
Ойӑти Oyäti |
Ойин Oyin |
Ойни Oyni |
Ойо Oyo |
Ойеми Oyemi |
Ойемөш Oyemöş |
Ойдже Oyce |
Ойеж Oyeӡ |
Ойек Oyek |
|||
| Myself | First | Ԙмлӑ Yemlä |
Ԙмлӑи Yemläi |
Ԙмлӑити Yemläiti |
Мейлӑ Meylä |
Ԙмлӑне Yemläne |
Мӑлӑԙ Mäläye |
Ԙмлӑеми Yemläemi |
Ԙмлӑемӗш Yemläemëş |
Ԙмлӑдже Yemläce |
Ԙмлӑлеж Yemläleӡ |
Ԙмлӑек Yemläek |
||
| Yourselves | Second | Шинлӑ Şinlä |
Шинлӑи Şinläi |
Шинлӑити Şinläiti |
Шийлӑ Şiylä |
Шинлӑне Şinläne |
Шӑлӑԙ Şäläye |
Шинлӑеми Şinläemi |
Шинлӑемөш Şinläemëş |
Шинлӑдже Şinläce |
Шинлӑлеж Şinläleӡ |
Шинлӑек Şinläek |
||
| Himself | Thirds | Ойлӑ Oylä |
Ойлӑлӑ Oylälä |
Ойлӑлӑти Oyläläti |
Ойлӑин Oyläin |
Ойлӑни Oyläni |
Ойлӑо Oyläo |
Ойлӑеми Oyläemi |
Ойлӑемөш Oyläemëş |
Ойлӑдже Oyläce |
Ойлӑлеж Oyläleӡ |
Ойлӑек Oyläek |
||
| Herself | Thirds | Айлӑ Aylä |
Айлӑлӑ Aylälä |
Айлӑлӑти Ayläläti |
Айлӑин Ayläin |
Айлӑни Ayläni |
Айлӑа Ayläa |
Айлӑами Ayläami |
Айлӑамөш Ayläamëş |
Айлӑджа Ayläca |
Айлӑлаж Aylälaӡ |
Айлӑак Ayläak |
||
| Itself | Thirds | Лылыл Läläl |
Ойлылы Oylälä |
Ойлылыти Oyläläti |
Ойлыин Oyläin |
Ойлыни Oyläni |
Ойлыо Oyläo |
Ойлыеми Oyläemi |
Ойлыемөш Oyläemëş |
Ойлыдже Oyläce |
Ойлылеж Oyläleӡ |
Ойлыек Oyläek |
||
| We, us (Exclusive) |
First | Plural (Formal) |
Меԙ Meye |
Мейи Meyi |
Мейити Meyiti |
Мерши Merşi |
Мейне Meyne |
Най Nay |
Меԙми Meyemi |
Меԙмӗш Meyemëş |
Мейдже Meyce |
Меԙж Meyeӡ |
Меԙк Meyek |
|
| We, us (Inclusive) |
Мейше Meyşe |
Мейши Meyşi |
Мейшити Meyşiti |
Мешерши Meşerşi |
Мейшне Meyşne |
Найш Nayş |
Мейшеми Meyşemi |
Мейшемӗш Meyşemëş |
Мейшдже Meyşce |
Мейшеж Meyşeӡ |
Мейшек Meyşek |
|||
| You (plr.) | Second | Шеԙ Şeye |
Шейи Şeyi |
Шейити Şeyiti |
Шерши Şerşi |
Шейне Şeyne |
Шай Şay |
Шеԙми Şeyemi |
Шеԙмӗш Şeyemëş |
Шейдже Şeyce |
Шеԙж Şeyeӡ |
Шеԙк Şeyek |
Шеԙ! Şeye! | |
| They, them | Third | Але Ale |
Али Ali |
Алити Aliti |
Алерше Alerşe |
Алени Aleni |
Алай Alay |
Алеми Alemi |
Алемӗш Alemëş |
Алдже Alce |
Алеж Aleӡ |
Алек Alek |
||
| Ourselves (exclusive) |
First | Меԙлӑ Meyelä |
Мейлӑи Meyläi |
Мейлӑити Meyläiti |
Мелӑрши Melärşi |
Мейлӑне Meyläne |
Найлӑ Naylä |
Мейлӑеми Meyläemi |
Мейлӑемӗш Meyläemëş |
Мейлӑдже Meyläce |
Мейлӑлеж Meyläleӡ |
Мейлӑек Meyläek |
||
| Ourselves (inclusive) |
First | Мейшелӑ Meyşelä |
Мейшлӑи Meyşläi |
Мейшлӑити Meyşläiti |
Мешлӑерши Meşläerşi |
Мейшлӑне Meyşläne |
Найшлӑ Nayşlä |
Мейшлӑеми Meyşläemi |
Мейшлӑемӗш Meyşläemëş |
Мейшлӑдже Meyşläce |
Мейшлӑлеж Meyşläleӡ |
Мейшлӑек Meyşläek |
||
| Yourselves | Second | Шеԙлӑ Şeyelä |
Шейлӑи Şeyläi |
Шейлӑити Şeyläiti |
Шелӑрши Şelärşi |
Шейлӑне Şeyläne |
Шайлӑ Şaylä |
Шейлӑеми Şeyläemi |
Шейлӑемӗш Şeyläemëş |
Шейлӑдже Şeyläce |
Шейлӑлеж Şeyläleӡ |
Шейлӑек Şeyläek |
||
| Themselves | Thirds | Алелӑ Alelä |
Аллӑи Alläi |
Аллӑити Alläiti |
Алелӑрше Alelärşe |
Алелӑни Aleläni |
Алалӑй Alaläy |
Алелӑми Alelämi |
Алелӑмӗш Alelämëş |
Аллӑдже Alläce |
Аллӑлеж Alläleӡ |
Аллӑек Alläek |
||
Nouns
Vowel harmony
Words with the last vowel being part of the 'thich' vowels (⟨a⟩ ⟨ӑ/ä⟩ ⟨ы/ÿ⟩ ⟨o⟩ ⟨я/ya⟩) get the vowel -a- Words with the last vowel being part of the 'thin' vowels (⟨и/i⟩ ⟨e⟩ ⟨ӗ/ë⟩ ⟨y/u⟩ ⟨ю/yu⟩) get the vowel -e-
Grammatical Number
Qazhshavan has 3 grammatical numbers:
Defenite article
Qazhshavan has two types of definite articles (singular and plural) and no indefinite.
Both definite articles are prefixes: Definite singular: e/ан’- / e/an’- Definite plural: x̆е/a(т)’- / hhe/a(t)’-
Grammatical Cases
Qazhshavan has 12 grammatical cases.
- Nominative: Subject
- Accusative: Interract with the Subject (hear, hit, harm...)
- Dative: to the Subject
- Genitive: Possesed by the Subject
- Inessive: In/Inside the Subject
- Adessive: Neer by the Subject
- Superessive: On top of the Subject
- Subessive: Under the Subject
- Illative: Moving into the Subject or an action towards it
- Elative: Moving out of / from the Subject
- Benefactial: for the Subject
- Vocative: calling the Subject
It also has the suffixes for making nouns into Adjectives and Adverbs.
| Case | Suffix | Quastion words |
Example | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thick Harmony | Thin Harmony | |||||
| Nominative | - | -(v)л -(v)l |
кьем, тьем kyem, tyem (who, what) |
кьел, тьел kyel, tyel (who, what - plr) |
Тафa Tafa (Bow; subject) |
Куч Kuç (Dog; subject) |
| Accusative | -(v)ў -(v)w |
-(v)лу -(v)lu |
кьемек, тьемек kyemek, tyemek (whom, what) |
кьелк, тьелк kyelk, tyelk (whom, what - plr) |
Тафаў Tafaw (Bow; Object) |
Кучеў Kuçew (Dog; Object) |
| Dative | -ти -ti |
-(v)лти -(v)lti |
кьемти, тьемти kyemti, tyemti (to whom, to what) |
кьелти, тьелти kyelti, tyelti (to whom, to what - plr) |
Тафaти Tafati (to a bow) |
Кучти Kuçti (to a dog) |
| Genitive | -(v)н -(v)л(v)н |
-(v)n -(v)l(v)n |
кьен, тьен kyen, tyen (whose, what's) |
кьелен, тьелен kyelen, tyelen (whose, whay's - plr) |
Тафан Tafan (a bow's) |
Кучен Kuçen (a dog's) |
| Inessive | -(v)щ -(v)şt |
-(v)л(v)щ -(v)l(v)şt |
кьещ, тьещ kyeşt, tyeşt (on who, where) |
Тафащ Tafaşt (in/inside a bow) |
Кучещ Kuçeşt (in/inside a dog) | |
| Adessive | -(v)й -(v)y |
-(v)л(v)й -(v)l(v)y |
кьей, тьей kyey, tyey (next to who,/what) |
кьей, тьей kyey, tyey (next to who,/what - plr) |
Тафай Tafay (neer a bow) |
Кучей Kuçey (neer a dog) |
| Superessive | -ми -mi |
-(v)лми -(v)lmi |
кьеми, тьеми kyemi, tyemi (on top of who,/what) |
кьеми, тьеми kyemi, tyemi (on top of who,/what -plr) |
Тафaми Tafami (on top of/above a bow) |
Кучми Kuçmi (on top of/above a dog) |
| Subessive | -мӗ -më |
-(v)лмӗ -(v)lmë |
кьемӗ, тьемӗ kyemë, tyemë (under who,/what) |
кьемӗ, тьемӗ kyemë, tyemë (under who,/what -plr) |
Тафaмӗ Tafamë (under a bow) |
Кучмӗ Kuçmë (under a dog) |
| Illative | -(v)ж -(v)ӡ |
-(v)л(v)ж -(v)l(v)ӡ |
кьеж, тьеж kyeӡ, tyeӡ (towards who,/what) |
кьележ, тьележ kyeleӡ, tyeleӡ (towards who, what - plr) |
Тафаж Tafaӡ (towards/going into a bow) |
Кучеж Kuçeӡ (towards/going into a dog) |
| Elative | -(v)дж(v) -(v)c(v) |
-(v)лдж(v) -(v)lc(v) |
кьеджe, тьеджe kyece, tyece (out of who,/what) |
кьелджe, тьелджe kyelce, tyelce (out of who,/what - plr) |
Тафаджа Tafaca (away from/going out of a bow) |
Кучедже Kuçece (away from/going out of a dog) |
| Benefactial | -(v)к -(v)k |
-(v)л(v)к -(v)l(v)k |
кьем, тьем kyem, tyem (for who,/what) |
кьел, тьел kyel, tyel (for who,/what - plr) |
Тафак Tafak (for a bow) |
Кучек Kuçek (for a dog) |
| Vocative | -(c)e | -(v)/o | Тафo Tafo (calling a bow) |
Куче Kuçe (calling a dog) | ||
| Adjectives | -(v)в -(v)v |
-(v)л(v)в -(v)l(v)v |
Тафaв Tafav (bow; adjective) |
Кучeв Kuçev (dog; adjective) | ||
| Adverbs | -(v)д -(v)d |
-(v)лд -(v)ld |
Тафaд Tafad (bow; adverb) |
Кучeд Kuçed (dog; adverb) | ||
Qazhshavan uses Comparison forms of Adjectives and Adverbs:
- Positive - Bassic form of the word- happy - шасив / şasiv
- Negative - Negation of the word - unhappy - нөшасив / nöşasiv
- Comparitive - Form for comparison relative to something - happier - ю-шасив / yu-şasiv
- Superlative - Form showing absolute relative to a group - happiest - я-шасив / ya-şasiv
- Augmentative - Form showing absolute position without a relative - ultimately happy - я-я-шасив / ya-ya-şasiv
Possesive suffixes
Qazhshavan has a number of Possessive suffixes that show to whom an object belongs too, though one can use the genitive form of a pronoun instead, and by doing so bringing more emphesis on the owner.
| Person & number | Suffix | Examples | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Пал/Pal - oven | Енеш/Eneş - Shirt | |||
| Thick harmony | Thin harmony | |||
| 1st | Singular | -(v)м/m | Палӑм Paläm |
Енешим Eneşim |
| 2nd | -(v)ш/ş | Палӑш Paläş |
Енешиш Eneşiş | |
| 3d M | -(v)йо/yo | Палӑйо Paläyo |
Енешийо Eneşiyo | |
| 3d F | -(v)йо/yo | Палӑйa Paläya |
Енешийa Eneşiya | |
| 3d N | -(v)йо/yo | Палӑйо Paläyo |
Енешийо Eneşiyo | |
| 1st | Plural | -(v)меԙ/meye | Палӑмар Palämar |
Енешимер Eneşimer |
| 2nd | -(v)шеԙ/şeye | Палӑшар Paläşar |
Енешишер Eneşişer | |
| 3d | -(v)ле/le | Палӑлар Palälar |
Енешилер Eneşiler | |
Verbs
Tense-Aspect-Mood
Qazhshavan has 4 tenses and each has 2 aspects, and 2 moods:
| Mood | Person | Number | Past | Present | Future | Future in the past | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simple | Perfect | Simple | Continious | Simple | Perfect | Simple | Perfect | |||
| Indicative | 1st | Singular | Таиeдӑм Taiedä·m |
Таиeдӑм’аҥ Taiedä·m’an̈ |
Таим Taim |
Таиeчeм Taieçem |
Таиeчeм’аҥ Taieçem’an̈ |
Таиeчeшӑм Taieçeşäm |
Таиeчeшӑм’аҥ Taieçeşäm’an̈ | |
| Plural exclusive |
Таиeдӑме Taiedäme |
Таиeдӑме’аҥ Taiedäme’an̈ |
Таиме Taime |
Таиeчeме Taieçeme |
Таиeчeме’аҥ Taieçeme’an̈ |
Таиeчeшӑме Taieçeşäme |
Таиeчeшӑме’аҥ Taieçeşäme’an̈ | |||
| Plural inclusive |
Таиeдӑмше Taiedämşe |
Таиeдӑмше’аҥ Taiedämşe’an̈ |
Таимше Taimşe |
Таиeчeмше Taieçemşe |
Таиeчeмше’аҥ Taieçemşe’an̈ |
Таиeчeшӑмше Taieçeşämşe |
Таиeчeшӑмше’аҥ Taieçeşämşe’an̈ | |||
| 2nd | Singular | Таиeдӑш Taiedäş |
Таиeдӑш’аҥ Taiedäş’an̈ |
Таиш Taiş |
Таиeчeш Taieçeş |
Таиeчeш’аҥ Taieçeş’an̈ |
Таиeчeшӑш Taieçeşäş |
Таиeчeшӑш’аҥ Taieçeşäş’an̈ | ||
| Plural | Таиeдӑше Taiedäşe |
Таиeдӑше’аҥ Taiedäşe’an̈ |
Таише Taişe |
Таиeчeше Taieçeşe |
Таиeчeше’аҥ Taieçeşe’an̈ |
Таиeчeшӑше Taieçeşäşe |
Таиeчeшӑше’аҥ Taieçeşäşe’an̈ | |||
| 3d | Singular | Таиeдӑй Taiedäy |
Таиeдӑй’аҥ Taiedäy’an̈ |
Таийи Taiyi |
Таиeчeй Taieçey |
Таиeчeй’аҥ Taieçey’an̈ |
Таиeчeшӑй Taieçeşäy |
Таиeчeшӑй’аҥ Taieçeşäy’an̈ | ||
| Plural | Таиeдӑԙ Taiedäye |
Таиeдӑԙ’аҥ Taiedäye’an̈ |
Таиԙ Taiy |
Таиeчeԙ Taieçeye |
Таиeчeԙ’аҥ Taieçeye’an̈ |
Таиeчeшӑԙ Taieçeşäye |
Таиeчeшӑԙ’аҥ Taieçeşäye’an̈ | |||
| Imperative | All | Singular | Таиeдзe Taiedze |
Таиeдзeтe Taiedzete |
||||||
| Plural | Таиeдзeл Taiedzel |
Таиeдзeлтe Taiedzelte | ||||||||
Note: Vowels that follow vowel harmony are highlighted in a dark blue color
Verb form "to -verb-" is marked with the -dа/ed suffix: "таидед/taided" - "to run" , "таийидед/taiyided" - (they) to run "дуурдед/duurded" - "to fill" , "дуурйидед/duuryided" - (they) to fill
Pronouns+Be
Qazhshavan has the feature of pronounse mixed with the verb "be":
| Person | Number | +be | +NEG-be | +will-be | +will-NEG-be | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | Singular | Яме Yame |
Ныяме Nÿyame |
Ямече Yameçe |
Ныямече Nÿyameçe | ||||
| Plural exclusive |
Меирече Meireçe |
Нимеирече Nimeireçe |
Меирече Meireçe |
Нимеирече Nimeireçe | |||||
| Plural inclusive |
Мешир Meşir |
Нимешир Nimeşir |
Меширече Meşireçe |
Нимеширече Nimeşireçe | |||||
| 2nd |
Singular | Шир Şir |
Нишир Nişir |
Ширече Şireçe |
Ниширече Nişireçe | ||||
| Plural | Шеир Şeir |
Нишеир Nişeir |
Шеирече Şeireçe |
Нишеирече Nişeireçe | |||||
| 3d |
Singular Masculine & Neuter |
Ойир Oyir |
Нуйир Nuyir |
Ойирече Oyireçe |
Нуйирече Nuyireçe | ||||
| Singular Feminine |
Айир Ayir |
Ныйир Nÿyir |
Айирече Ayireçe |
Ныйирече Nÿyireçe | |||||
| Plural | Алер Aler |
Нылер Nÿler |
Алерече Alereçe |
Нылерече Nÿlereçe | |||||
Negation
The present and Past tenses get the simpler negation prefix, and the Future tense get the more complex one.
| Past & Present | Future & Future in the past |
|---|---|
| Нө-<word> Nö-<word> |
Нал-<word> Nal-<word> |
| Examples | |
| Нөтаим Nötaim |
Налтаиечем Naltaieçem |
| I'm not running i don't run |
I'm not going to run |
| Нөтаиедыш Nötaiadÿş |
Налтаиечешыш Naltaieçeşÿş |
| You didn't run | You weren't going to run |
| Нөтаиедзе Nötaiedze |
Налтаиедзете Naltaiedzete |
| Don't run | Don't run later |
Note: the past/present negation form is also used for adjectives and adverbs.
Affix order
The order of how words are formed with affixes:
| Noun affix order | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Definite- | Word | -Plurality | -Possessive | -Case/Adjective | -Question |
| Verb affix order | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negation- | Word | -Tense | -Person~Number | -Perfective | -Question |
Numbers
Qazhshavan is a Decimal language, meaning it has a base 10 number system.
Literally translated "12" is "1 on (top of) 12", and 21 is "1 on (top of) 2-10" and so on.
| Number (-) |
Number term (Qazhshavan) |
Number (-) |
Number term (Qazhshavan) |
Number (-) |
Number term (Qazhshavan) |
Number (-) |
Number term (Qazhshavan) |
Number (-) |
Number term (Qazhshavan) |
Number (-) |
Number term (Qazhshavan) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Атыл Atÿl |
11 | Атылнеми Atÿlnemi |
10 | Ен En |
101 | Атыл-шехеми Atÿl-şehemi |
100 | Шех Şeh |
1000 | Огил Ogil | ||||||
| 2 | Кайы Kayÿ |
12 | Кайынеми Kayÿnemi |
20 | Кайыен Kayÿen |
21 | Атыл-кайыенми Atÿl-kayÿenemi |
200 | Кайышех Kayÿşeh |
2000 | Кайыогил Kayÿogil | ||||||
| 3 | Балы Balÿ |
13 | Балынеми Balÿnemi |
30 | Балыен Balÿen |
31 | Атыл-балыенеми Atÿl-balÿenemi |
300 | Балышех Balÿşeh |
3000 | Балыогил Balÿogil | ||||||
| 4 | Кулун Kulun |
14 | Кулуннеми Kulunnemi |
40 | Кулунен Kulunen |
41 | Атыл-кулунеми Atÿl-kulunemi |
400 | Кулуншех Kulunşeh |
4000 | Кулуногил Kulunogil | ||||||
| 5 | Боўгы Bowgÿ |
15 | Боўгынеми Bowgÿnemi |
50 | Боўгыeн Bowgÿen |
51 | Атыл-боўгыенеми Atÿl-bowgÿenemi |
500 | Боўгышех Bowgÿşeh |
5000 | Боўгыогил Bowgÿogil | ||||||
| 6 | Алшы Alşÿ |
16 | Алшынеми Alşÿnemi |
60 | Алшыен Alşÿ-En |
61 | Атыл-алшыенеми Atÿl-alşÿenemi |
600 | Алшышех Alşÿşeh |
6000 | Алшыогил Alşÿogil | ||||||
| 7 | Сувун Suvun |
17 | Сувуннеми Suvunnemi |
70 | Сувунен Suvunen |
71 | Атыл-сувуненеми Atÿl-Suvunenemmi |
700 | Сувуншех Suvunşeh |
7000 | Сувуногил Suvunogil | ||||||
| 8 | Ненте Nente |
18 | Нентенеми Nentenemi |
80 | Нентеен Nenteen |
81 | Атыл-нентенеми Atÿl-nentenemi |
800 | Нентешех Nenteşeh |
8000 | Нентеогил Nenteogil | ||||||
| 9 | Талы Talÿ |
19 | Талынеми Talÿnemi |
90 | Талыен Talÿen |
91 | Атыл-талыенеми Atÿl-talÿenemi |
900 | Талышех Talÿşeh |
9000 | Талыогил Talÿogil |
Questions
Yes-No type
Qazhshavan forms Yes and No questions with a quesiton suffix:
| Queastion affix | ||
|---|---|---|
| Thick Harmony |
Thin Harmony | |
| <word>-кы <word>-kÿ |
<word>-ки <word>-ki | |
| Examples | ||
| Гаяшкы Gayaşkÿ |
Таишки Taişki | |
| Are you Fishing? | Are you Running? | |
| Aн’ягенкы? An’yagenkÿ? |
Aн’Кучԙки? An’Kuçeyeki? | |
| Inside the House? | Neer the dogs? | |
| Таиш ан’ягaжкы? Taiş аn’yagaӡkÿ? |
Ԙчешки aйы? Yeçeşki ayÿ? | |
| You're running from/out of the house? | Are you going to see her? | |
Wh- type
"Wh- type" questions are pretty straight forward, as they just add another word to the mix.
Dialects
Qazhshavan is generally split into 3 dialect groups that form a continuem, from Karakach to the mountain passes to the west.
Nashean
Nashean Qazhshavan, commonly just Nashean, is a dialect spoken in and around the region of Nashe, Riamo, it is a resault of settlers left over from colonial times, it's has Phonetic influence from the Riamese langauge spoken there and many loanwords.
Lnaguage examples
| Common words and sentances | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qazhshavan Govoric |
Qazhshavan Latin |
Common | Gloss Literal meaning |
IPA |
| Хялдза / Хял. | Hyaldzа / Hyal. | Hello / Hi (singular) |
health-2S-IMP health |
/ˈxʲal.d͡za/ /xʲal/ |
| Хялдзал / Хял. | Hyaldzаl / Hyal. | Hello / Hi (plr. & pauc.) |
health-2P-IMP health |
/xʲalˈd͡zal/ /xʲal/ |
| Нԙлeв шагю. | Nyelev şagyu. | Good morning. | good.adj morning | /ɲæ̝.lav ˈʃaɣju/ |
| Нԙлeв ичин. | Nyelev için. | Good afternoon/day | good.adj day | /ɲæ̝.lav it͡ʃin/ |
| Нԙлeв хачи. | Nyelev haçi. | Good evening | good.adj night | /ɲæ̝l.lav ˈxa.t͡ʃi/ |
| Иишeв хачи. | Iişev haçi. | Good night | Soft.adj night | /i.jiʃ.lav ˈxa.t͡ʃi/ |
| Сиджа ԙй / Сам | Sica yey / Sam | Goodbye / Bye | next see-ADE bye |
/ˈsa.d͡ʒa jæ̝j/ /sam/ |
| Лан руш шинлы? | Lan ruş şinlÿ? | What's your name? | how say-2S yourself | /lan ɾuˈʃ‿in.lɤ/ |
| Рум ԙмлы ___ | Rum yemlÿ ___ | My name is ___ | say-1S myself ___ | /ɾum ˈjæ̝m.lɤ ___/ |
| Шир аладжa? | Şir alaca? | Where are you from? | 2S.be where-ELA | /ʃiɾ ˈa.la.d͡ʒa/ |
| Яме ___(-е/а)дж(-е/а) | Yamе ___(-е/а)c(-е/а) | I'm from ___ | 1S.be ___-ELA | /ja.mɛ ___-ɛ/a.d͡ʒɛ/a/ |
| Лан шир? | Lan şir? | How are you? | how 2S.be | /lan ʃiɾ/ |
| Яме нԙлeв | Yame nyelev | I'm good/alright/okay | 1S.be good-adj | /ja.mɛ ˈɲæ̝.lav/ |
| Яме нөнԙлeв | Yame nönyelev | I'm not good/okay/alright | 1S.be NEG-good-adj | /ja.mɛ nø̞ˈɲæ̝.lav/ |
Sample text
| "The Qal-Hhana river" | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| "Ан’мош Кал-X̆ана" - "Аn’moş Kal-Hhana" | ||||
| - | ||||
| in Qazhshavan (Govoric): | - | in Qazhshavan (Latin): | - | in Common: |
| Ан’Кал-X̆анав лаол саяхачая кундед, аледе саяхачая x̆е’кайал бундед, саяхачая гаял не деел рундед, не лудалал дуурeчeԙ’аҥ. |
- | An’Kal-Hhanav laol sayahaçaya kunded, alede sayahaçaya hhe’layal bunded, sayahaçaya gayal ne deel runded, ne ludalal duureçeye’an̈. |
- | The waters of the Qal-Hhan will continue to flow, they'll continue to hit the rocks, there will continue to be lots of fish and frogs, and the floods will also be filled. |
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Qazhshavan". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.