Utochise orthography

Utochise alphabet Útočjſká abeceda
Type	Alphabet
Languages	Utochise language
Created	~1850
Published	1856
Parent systems	Latin script Utochise alphabet

The Utochise orthography (Utochise: Útočjſký pravopis) is a set of rules, that guide the written form of the Utochise language.

The Alphabet

A a /a ~ ɑ/	Á á /aː ~ ɑː/	Å å /ɔ ~ ɒ/	B b /b/	C c /ts/	Č č /tʃ/	D d /d/	Ď ď /ɟ ~ dʲ/	E e /ɛ ~ e/	É é /ɛː ~ eː/
Ě ě /ʲe/	F f /f/	G g /j/	Ǧ ǧ /ɡ/	H h /ɦ ~ h/	Ȟ ȟ /x/	I i /i/	J j /iː/	K k /k/	L l /l/
M m /m/	N n /n/	Ň ň /ɲ/	O o /o ~ ɔ/	Ó ó /oː ~ ɔː/	Ŏ ŏ /uː/	P p /p/	Q q /kv/	R r /r/	Ř ř /r̝/
S s ſ /s/	Š š ſ̌ /ʃ/	T t /t/	Ť ť /c/	U u /u/	Ú ú /uː/	V v /v/	W w /v/	X x /ks/	Y y /ɪ/
Ý ý /ɪː/	Z z /z/	Ž ž /ʒ/

Majuscule forms (also called uppercase or capital letters)

A

Á

Å

B

C

Č

D

Ď

E

É

Ě

F

G

Ǧ

H

Ȟ

I

J

K

L

M

N

Ň

O

Ó

Ŏ

P

Q

R

Ř

S

Š

T

Ť

U

Ú

V

W

X

Y

Ý

Z

Ž

Minuscule forms (also called lowercase or small letters)

a

á

å

b

c

č

d

ď

e

é

ě

f

g

ǧ

h

ȟ

i

j

k

l

m

n

ň

o

ó

ŏ

p

q

r

ř

s

ſ

š

ſ̌

t

ť

u

ú

v

w

x

y

ý

z

ž

International Phonetic Alphabet

a

aː

ɔ

b

t͡s

t͡ʃ

d

ɟ

ɛ

ɛː

ʲe

f

j

ɡ

ɦ

x

i

iː

k

l

m

n

ɲ

ɔ

ɔː

uː

p

k͡v

r

r̝

s

ʃ

t

c

u

uː

v

k͡s

ɪ

ɪː

z

ʒ

Long and rounded S and Š

S s ſ
S s ſ

Š š ſ̌
Š š ſ̌

The orthography uses both long and rounded S letters as a miniscule.

The rules on writing those are:

• Long S (ſ) (or ſ̌) is written, if it is on the beginning or in the middle of a syllable
• Rounded S (s) (or š) is written on the end of a syllable or if they act as a syllabic consonant

Both rounded S (s) & long S (ſ), if capitalizated, are written as a regular S

Example: NOM Koſt → GEN Kosti (Bone)

Accute U and breve O

Ú ú ; Ŏ ŏ
Ú ú ; Ŏ ŏ

The orthography uses both accute and ringed U letters as a miniscule.

The rules on writing those are:

• Accute U (ú) is written in interjections and collocated words (if the ú would stand first before the Collocation)
• Breve O (ŏ) is written in all other cases, originally denoting a vowel shift from /ɔː/→/uː/

Breve O (ŏ), if capitalizated, is written as a capitalized version "Ŏ"

Example: Dŏl → Dolŏ (Mine → Below), Účel → Bezúčelný (Sense → Nonsensical)

Ringed A

Å å
Å å

The letter Å is a letter that denotes a vowel shift from /a/ to /ɔ/ in a diphthong /ɔ͡u/, donoted as -åu-.

However, if the letter o is on the end of one syllable and u is on the beginning of other, Å is not used.

Example: Poučit - Påučet (To enlighten - To lend)

Rules on I/J and Ү/У

I i ; J j
I i ; J j

Y y; Ý ý
Y y; Ý ý

Writing of I/J or Y/Ý is determined based on a letter prior to the symbol.

Letters	Name	Usage
D, H, Ȟ, K, N, R, T	Tvrdé (hard)	I (short) / J (long)
C, Č, Ď, G, Ň, Ř, Š, Ť, Ž	Měkké (soft)	Y (short) / Ý (long)
B, F, L, M, P, S, W, Z	Obogetné (ambiguous)	Based on the Selected words
Ǧ, Q, V, X	Negasné (unclear)	—

Bit - Bjt - Byt - Být (Computer bit - To beat - Flat - To be)