User:Native Qazh/Sandbox5: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
Line 155: Line 155:
| {{color|#808080|B b}}
| {{color|#808080|B b}}
| {{color|#808080|Б б}}
| {{color|#808080|Б б}}
|
| be
| /b̥/
| /b̥/
| only in foreign loanwords
| only in foreign loanwords
Line 161: Line 161:
| C c
| C c
| Ц ц
| Ц ц
|
| ce
| /t͡s/
| /t͡s/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 167: Line 167:
| C' c'
| C' c'
| Ц' ц'
| Ц' ц'
| c'ë
| c'e
| /t͡sʼ/
| /t͡sʼ/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 173: Line 173:
| Ch ch
| Ch ch
| Ч ч
| Ч ч
| chë
| che
| /t͡ʃ/
| /t͡ʃ/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 179: Line 179:
| Ch' ch'
| Ch' ch'
| Ч' ч'
| Ч' ч'
| ch'ë
| ch'e
| /t͡ʃʼ/
| /t͡ʃʼ/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 185: Line 185:
| {{color|#808080|D d}}
| {{color|#808080|D d}}
| {{color|#808080|Д д}}
| {{color|#808080|Д д}}
|
| de
| /d̥/
| /d̥/
| only in foreign loanwords
| only in foreign loanwords
Line 209: Line 209:
| G g
| G g
| Г г
| Г г
|
| ge
| /ʁ/
| /ʁ/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 215: Line 215:
| Gw gw
| Gw gw
| Гў гў
| Гў гў
| wa
| ge wa
| /ʁʷ/
| /ʁʷ/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 233: Line 233:
| {{color|#808080|J j}}
| {{color|#808080|J j}}
| {{color|#808080|(Дж дж)}}
| {{color|#808080|(Дж дж)}}
|
| je
| /d̥͡ʒ̊/
| /d̥͡ʒ̊/
| only in foreign loanwords
| only in foreign loanwords
Line 239: Line 239:
| K k
| K k
| К к
| К к
|
| ke
| /k/
| /k/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 245: Line 245:
| K' k'
| K' k'
| К' к'
| К' к'
| k'ë
| k'e
| /kʼ/
| /kʼ/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 251: Line 251:
| Kw kw
| Kw kw
| Кў кў
| Кў кў
| wa
| ke wa
| /kʷ/
| /kʷ/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 257: Line 257:
| Kw' kw'
| Kw' kw'
| Кў' кў'
| Кў' кў'
| k'ë wa
| k'e wa
| /kʼʷ/
| /kʼʷ/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 287: Line 287:
| P p
| P p
| П п
| П п
|
| pe
| /p/
| /p/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 293: Line 293:
| P' p'
| P' p'
| П' п'
| П' п'
| p'ë
| p'e
| /pʼ/
| /pʼ/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 299: Line 299:
| {{color|#808080|Q q}}
| {{color|#808080|Q q}}
| {{color|#808080|(Кў кў)}}
| {{color|#808080|(Кў кў)}}
|
| qe
| /kʷ/
| /kʷ/
| only in foreign loanwords
| only in foreign loanwords
Line 305: Line 305:
| R r
| R r
| Р р
| Р р
|
| re
| /ɾ~r/
| /ɾ~r/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 311: Line 311:
| S s
| S s
| С с
| С с
|
| se
| /s/
| /s/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 317: Line 317:
| Sh sh
| Sh sh
| Ш ш
| Ш ш
| shë
| she
| /ʃ/
| /ʃ/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 323: Line 323:
| T t
| T t
| Т т
| Т т
|
| te
| /t/
| /t/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 329: Line 329:
| T' t'
| T' t'
| Т' т'
| Т' т'
| t'ë
| t'e
| /tʼ/
| /tʼ/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 335: Line 335:
| Tl tl
| Tl tl
| Тл тл
| Тл тл
| tlë
| tle
| /t͡ɬ/
| /t͡ɬ/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 341: Line 341:
| Tl' tl
| Tl' tl
| Тл' тл'
| Тл' тл'
| tl'ë
| tl'e
| /t͡ɬʼ/
| /t͡ɬʼ/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 353: Line 353:
| {{color|#808080|V v}}
| {{color|#808080|V v}}
| {{color|#808080|В в}}
| {{color|#808080|В в}}
|
| ve
| /w~v/
| /w~v/
| only in foreign loanwords
| only in foreign loanwords
Line 359: Line 359:
| W w
| W w
| Ў ў
| Ў ў
| wa
| shëm u
| /w/
| /w/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 365: Line 365:
| X x
| X x
| Х х
| Х х
|
| xe
| /x/
| /x/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 371: Line 371:
| Xw xw
| Xw xw
| Хў хў
| Хў хў
| wa
| xe wa
| /xʷ/
| /xʷ/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 377: Line 377:
| Xh xh
| Xh xh
| Хъ хъ
| Хъ хъ
| xhë
| xhe
| /χ/
| /χ/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 383: Line 383:
| Xhw xhw
| Xhw xhw
| хъў хъў
| хъў хъў
| xhë wa
| xhe wa
| /χʷ/
| /χʷ/
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
| style="background:#F0F0F0" |
Line 406: Line 406:
| {{color|#808080|Z z}}
| {{color|#808080|Z z}}
| {{color|#808080|З з}}
| {{color|#808080|З з}}
|
| ze
| /z̥~t͡s/
| /z̥~t͡s/
| only in foreign loanwords
| only in foreign loanwords
Line 412: Line 412:
| {{color|#808080|Zh zh}}
| {{color|#808080|Zh zh}}
| {{color|#808080|Ж ж}}
| {{color|#808080|Ж ж}}
| zhë
| zhe
| /ʒ̊/
| /ʒ̊/
| only in foreign loanwords
| only in foreign loanwords

Revision as of 11:10, 17 November 2021

Kamak
Native to Qazhshava
RegionKamak Islands
EthnicityKamaks
Latin
Cyrillic
Language codes
ISO 639-3

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Post-
Alveolar
Palatal Velar Uvular
plain sibilant lateral plain labial plain labial
Plosive/
Affricate
plain p ⟨p⟩ t ⟨t⟩ t͡s ⟨c⟩ t͡ɬ ⟨tl⟩ t͡ʃ ⟨ch⟩ k ⟨k⟩ ⟨kw⟩
ejective ⟨pʼ⟩ ⟨tʼ⟩ t͡sʼ ⟨cʼ⟩ t͡ɬʼ ⟨tlʼ⟩ t͡ʃʼ ⟨chʼ⟩ ⟨kʼ⟩ kʷʼ ⟨kwʼ⟩
Fricative plain s ⟨s⟩ ɬ ⟨l⟩ ʃ ⟨sh⟩ x ⟨x⟩ ⟨xw⟩ χ ⟨xh⟩ χʷ ⟨xhw⟩
voiced ʁ ⟨g⟩ ʁʷ ⟨gw⟩
Sonorant m ⟨m⟩ n ⟨n⟩ j ⟨y⟩ w ⟨w⟩
Trill/Tap ɾ~r ⟨r⟩

Vowels

Front Central back
Close i ⟨i⟩ ɨ̞ ⟨ë⟩ u ⟨u⟩
Mid ɛ ⟨e⟩ o ⟨o⟩
Open a ⟨a⟩

Writing System

class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
class="wikitable sortable"
class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"

Latin Cyrillic Name IPA Notes
A a А а a /a/
B b Б б be /b̥/ only in foreign loanwords
C c Ц ц ce /t͡s/
C' c' Ц' ц' c'e /t͡sʼ/
Ch ch Ч ч che /t͡ʃ/
Ch' ch' Ч' ч' ch'e /t͡ʃʼ/
D d Д д de /d̥/ only in foreign loanwords
E e Е е e /ɛ/
Ë ë Ы ы ë /ɨ̞/
F f Ф ф ef /p~f/ only in foreign loanwords
G g Г г ge /ʁ/
Gw gw Гў гў ge wa /ʁʷ/
H h Ъ ъ xash
k'a kye
used in digraphs
I i И и i /i/
J j (Дж дж) je /d̥͡ʒ̊/ only in foreign loanwords
K k К к ke /k/
K' k' К' к' k'e /kʼ/
Kw kw Кў кў ke wa /kʷ/
Kw' kw' Кў' кў' k'e wa /kʼʷ/
L l Л л el /ɬ/
M m М м em /m/
N n Н н en /n/
O o О о o /o/
P p П п pe /p/
P' p' П' п' p'e /pʼ/
Q q (Кў кў) qe /kʷ/ only in foreign loanwords
R r Р р re /ɾ~r/
S s С с se /s/
Sh sh Ш ш she /ʃ/
T t Т т te /t/
T' t' Т' т' t'e /tʼ/
Tl tl Тл тл tle /t͡ɬ/
Tl' tl Тл' тл' tl'e /t͡ɬʼ/
U u У у u /u/
V v В в ve /w~v/ only in foreign loanwords
W w Ў ў shëm u /w/
X x Х х xe /x/
Xw xw Хў хў xe wa /xʷ/
Xh xh Хъ хъ xhe /χ/
Xhw xhw хъў хъў xhe wa /χʷ/
Y y Й й shëm i /j/ as first letter of a word, or after vowels
Y y Ь ь shëm kye /◌ʲ/ only after consonants
' apostrof used in digraphs
Z z З з ze /z̥~t͡s/ only in foreign loanwords
Zh zh Ж ж zhe /ʒ̊/ only in foreign loanwords

Grammar

Syntax

Pronouns

Possessive Pronouns

Nouns

Number

Case

Adjectives and Adverbs

Verbs

"to be"

Tense, Aspect, Mood

Person

Direction

Questions

Derivation

Language Sample