User:Native Qazh/Sandbox5: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Native Qazh (talk | contribs) |
Native Qazh (talk | contribs) |
||
Line 150: | Line 150: | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|B b}} | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|B b}} | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}} | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|b}}{{color|#6E6E6E|~}}{{IPA link|p}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}} | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 156: | Line 156: | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|V v}} | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|V v}} | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}} | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|w}}{{color|#6E6E6E|~}}{{IPA link|v}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}} | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 162: | Line 162: | ||
| G g | | G g | ||
| | | | ||
| /{{IPA link|}}/ | | /{{IPA link|ɣ}}~{{IPA link|ʁ}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 168: | Line 168: | ||
| Gw gw | | Gw gw | ||
| | | | ||
| /{{IPA link|}}/ | | /{{IPA link|ʁʷ}}~{{IPA link|ɣʷ}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 174: | Line 174: | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|D d}} | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|D d}} | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}} | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|d}}{{color|#6E6E6E|~}}{{IPA link|t}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}} | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 180: | Line 180: | ||
| E e | | E e | ||
| | | | ||
| /{{IPA link|}}/ | | /{{IPA link|ɛ}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 186: | Line 186: | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Zh zh}} | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Zh zh}} | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}} | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|z̻}}{{color|#6E6E6E|~}}{{IPA link|s̻}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}} | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 192: | Line 192: | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Z z}} | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Z z}} | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}} | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|z̻}}{{color|#6E6E6E|~}}{{IPA link|s̻}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}} | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 198: | Line 198: | ||
| I i | | I i | ||
| | | | ||
| /{{IPA link|}}/ | | /{{IPA link|i}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 204: | Line 204: | ||
| Y y | | Y y | ||
| | | | ||
| /{{IPA link|}}/ | | /{{IPA link|j}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 210: | Line 210: | ||
| K k | | K k | ||
| | | | ||
| /{{IPA link|}}/ | | /{{IPA link|k}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 216: | Line 216: | ||
| Kw kw | | Kw kw | ||
| | | | ||
| /{{IPA link|}}/ | | /{{IPA link|kʷ}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 222: | Line 222: | ||
| K' k' | | K' k' | ||
| | | | ||
| /{{IPA link|}}/ | | /{{IPA link|kʼ}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 228: | Line 228: | ||
| Kw' kw' | | Kw' kw' | ||
| | | | ||
| /{{IPA link|}}/ | | /{{IPA link|kʼʷ}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 234: | Line 234: | ||
| L l | | L l | ||
| | | | ||
| /{{IPA link|}}/ | | /{{IPA link|l}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 240: | Line 240: | ||
| Lh lh | | Lh lh | ||
| | | | ||
| /{{IPA link|}}/ | | /{{IPA link|ɬ}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 246: | Line 246: | ||
| M m | | M m | ||
| | | | ||
| /{{IPA link|}}/ | | /{{IPA link|m}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 252: | Line 252: | ||
| N n | | N n | ||
| | | | ||
| /{{IPA link|}}/ | | /{{IPA link|n}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 258: | Line 258: | ||
| O o | | O o | ||
| | | | ||
| /{{IPA link|}}/ | | /{{IPA link|o}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 264: | Line 264: | ||
| P p | | P p | ||
| | | | ||
| /{{IPA link|}}/ | | /{{IPA link|p}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 270: | Line 270: | ||
| P' p' | | P' p' | ||
| | | | ||
| /{{IPA link|}}/ | | /{{IPA link|pʼ}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 276: | Line 276: | ||
| R r | | R r | ||
| | | | ||
| /{{IPA link|}}/ | | /{{IPA link|ɾ}}~{{IPA link|r}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 282: | Line 282: | ||
| S s | | S s | ||
| | | | ||
| /{{IPA link|}}/ | | /{{IPA link|s̻}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 288: | Line 288: | ||
| T t | | T t | ||
| | | | ||
| /{{IPA link|}}/ | | /{{IPA link|t}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 294: | Line 294: | ||
| T' t' | | T' t' | ||
| | | | ||
| /{{IPA link|}}/ | | /{{IPA link|tʼ}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 300: | Line 300: | ||
| Tlh tlh | | Tlh tlh | ||
| | | | ||
| /{{IPA link|}}/ | | /{{IPA link|t͡ɬ}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 306: | Line 306: | ||
| Tlh' tlh' | | Tlh' tlh' | ||
| | | | ||
| /{{IPA link|}}/ | | /{{IPA link|t͡ɬʼ}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 312: | Line 312: | ||
| U u | | U u | ||
| | | | ||
| /{{IPA link|}}/ | | /{{IPA link|u}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 318: | Line 318: | ||
| W w | | W w | ||
| | | | ||
| /{{IPA link|}}/ | | /{{IPA link|w}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 324: | Line 324: | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|F f}} | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|F f}} | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}} | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|p}}{{color|#6E6E6E|~}}{{IPA link|f}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}} | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 330: | Line 330: | ||
| X x | | X x | ||
| | | | ||
| /{{IPA link|}}/ | | /{{IPA link|x}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 336: | Line 336: | ||
| Xw xw | | Xw xw | ||
| | | | ||
| /{{IPA link|}}/ | | /{{IPA link|xʷ}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 342: | Line 342: | ||
| Xh xh | | Xh xh | ||
| | | | ||
| /{{IPA link|}}/ | | /{{IPA link|χ}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 348: | Line 348: | ||
| Xhw xhw | | Xhw xhw | ||
| | | | ||
| /{{IPA link|}}/ | | /{{IPA link|χʷ}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 354: | Line 354: | ||
| C c | | C c | ||
| | | | ||
| /{{IPA link|}}/ | | /{{IPA link|t͡s̻}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 360: | Line 360: | ||
| C' c' | | C' c' | ||
| | | | ||
| /{{IPA link|}}/ | | /{{IPA link|t͡s̻ʼ}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 366: | Line 366: | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Ch ch}} | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|Ch ch}} | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}} | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|t͡s̻}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}} | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ш ш | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | Ш ш | ||
| Sh sh | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | Sh sh | ||
| | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
| /{{IPA link|}}/ | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#6E6E6E|/}}{{IPA link|s̻}}{{color|#6E6E6E|/}} | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ъ ъ | | Ъ ъ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|H h*}} | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | {{color|#646464|H h*}} | ||
| | | | ||
| | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 384: | Line 384: | ||
| Ĕ ĕ | | Ĕ ĕ | ||
| | | | ||
| /{{IPA link|}}/ | | /{{IPA link|ɨ̞}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 390: | Line 390: | ||
| Ă ă | | Ă ă | ||
| | | | ||
| /{{IPA link|}}/ | | /{{IPA link|ɤ}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 396: | Line 396: | ||
| Y y | | Y y | ||
| | | | ||
| /{{IPA link|}}/ | | /{{IPA link|◌ʲ}}/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 402: | Line 402: | ||
| Yu yu | | Yu yu | ||
| | | | ||
| / | | /ju/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 408: | Line 408: | ||
| Ya ya | | Ya ya | ||
| | | | ||
| / | | /ja/ | ||
| style="background:#F0F0F0" | | | style="background:#F0F0F0" | | ||
|- | |- |
Revision as of 12:11, 19 November 2021
Kamak | |
---|---|
Native to | Qazhshava |
Region | Kamak Islands |
Ethnicity | Kamaks |
Latin Cyrillic | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | – |
Phonology
Consonants
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plain | sibilant | lateral | plain | labial | plain | labial | ||||
Plosive/ Affricate |
plain | p ⟨p⟩ | t ⟨t⟩ | t͡s̻ ⟨c⟩ | t͡ɬ ⟨tlh⟩ | k ⟨k⟩ | kʷ ⟨kw⟩ | |||
ejective | pʼ ⟨pʼ⟩ | tʼ ⟨tʼ⟩ | t͡s̻ʼ ⟨cʼ⟩ | t͡ɬʼ ⟨tlhʼ⟩ | kʼ ⟨kʼ⟩ | kʼʷ ⟨kwʼ⟩ | ||||
Fricative | plain | s̻ ⟨s⟩ | ɬ ⟨l⟩ | x ⟨x⟩ | xʷ ⟨xw⟩ | χ ⟨xh⟩ | χʷ ⟨xhw⟩ | |||
voiced | ʁ~ɣ ⟨g⟩ | ʁʷ~ɣʷ ⟨gw⟩ | ||||||||
Sonorant | m ⟨m⟩ | n ⟨n⟩ | l ⟨l⟩ | j ⟨y⟩ | w ⟨w⟩ | |||||
Trill/Tap | ɾ~r ⟨r⟩ |
- Plain plosives/affricates vary between voiced, semi-voiced, voiceless and aspirated (allophonic and depending on the speaker)
Vowels
Front | Central | back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i ⟨i⟩ | ɨ̞ ⟨ĕ⟩ | u ⟨u⟩ |
Mid | ɛ ⟨e⟩ | ɤ ⟨ă⟩ | o ⟨o⟩ |
Open | a ⟨a⟩ |
Writing System
class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
class="wikitable sortable"
class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
Cyrillic | Latin | Name | IPA | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
A a | A a | /a/ | ||
Б б | B b | /b~p/ | ||
В в | V v | /w~v/ | ||
Г г | G g | /ɣ~ʁ/ | ||
Гў гў | Gw gw | /ʁʷ~ɣʷ/ | ||
Д д | D d | /d~t/ | ||
Е е | E e | /ɛ/ | ||
Ж ж | Zh zh | /z̻~s̻/ | ||
З з | Z z | /z̻~s̻/ | ||
И и | I i | /i/ | ||
Й й | Y y | /j/ | ||
К к | K k | /k/ | ||
Кў кў | Kw kw | /kʷ/ | ||
К' к' | K' k' | /kʼ/ | ||
Кў' кў' | Kw' kw' | /kʼʷ/ | ||
Л л | L l | /l/ | ||
Лъ лъ | Lh lh | /ɬ/ | ||
М м | M m | /m/ | ||
Н н | N n | /n/ | ||
О о | O o | /o/ | ||
П п | P p | /p/ | ||
П' п' | P' p' | /pʼ/ | ||
Р р | R r | /ɾ~r/ | ||
С с | S s | /s̻/ | ||
Т т | T t | /t/ | ||
Т' т' | T' t' | /tʼ/ | ||
Тлъ тлъ | Tlh tlh | /t͡ɬ/ | ||
Тлъ' тлъ' | Tlh' tlh' | /t͡ɬʼ/ | ||
У у | U u | /u/ | ||
Ў ў | W w | /w/ | ||
Ф ф | F f | /p~f/ | ||
Х х | X x | /x/ | ||
Хў хў | Xw xw | /xʷ/ | ||
Хъ хъ | Xh xh | /χ/ | ||
Хъў хъў | Xhw xhw | /χʷ/ | ||
Ц ц | C c | /t͡s̻/ | ||
Ц' ц' | C' c' | /t͡s̻ʼ/ | ||
Ч ч | Ch ch | /t͡s̻/ | ||
Ш ш | Sh sh | /s̻/ | ||
Ъ ъ | H h* | |||
Ы ы | Ĕ ĕ | /ɨ̞/ | ||
Ӹ ӹ | Ă ă | /ɤ/ | ||
Ь ь | Y y | /◌ʲ/ | ||
Ю ю | Yu yu | /ju/ | ||
Я я | Ya ya | /ja/ |
Grammar
Syntax
SVO (SOV when O is a pronoun) noun like adjectives possessee - possessor adjective - noun prepossitions
Pronouns
Nom | Dat | Gen | Acc | Ins | Loc | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | ka | ||||||
Second | le | |||||||
Third | Proximal | to | ||||||
Distal | anto | |||||||
Plural | First | kin | ||||||
Second | lin | |||||||
Third | Proximal | tomë | ||||||
Distal | antomë |
Nouns
Number
Case
Case | Word | Example | Question |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | |||
Dative | |||
Genetive | |||
Accusitive | |||
Instrumental | |||
Locative |
Adjectives and Adverbs
Verbs
"to be"
Tense, Aspect, Mood
Person
Direction
Questions
Derivation
Affix | Used to create: | Example(s) |
---|---|---|
- | agents from verbs/nouns | |
- | collective nouns | |
- | adjectives/adverbs from nouns/verbs | |
- | adjectives indicating the lack of something | |
- | nouns from adjectives | |
- | diminutives of nouns | |
- | augmentatives of nouns | |
- | locations (places related to the stem) | |
- | inhabitants (of places) | |
- | decendents (of people, or nouns/adjectives) | |
- | decendents (child of) | |
- | languages/dialects |